Backbone Conformation Tuning of Carboxylate-Functionalized Wide Band Gap Polymers for Efficient Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells

Chen, Jianhua,Wang, Lei,Yang, Jie,Yang, Kun,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Tang, Yumin,Zhou, Xin,Liao, Qiaogan,Yu, Jianwei,Liu, Bin,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2019 Macromolecules Vol.52 No.1

<P>Two carboxylate-functionalized wide band gap polymers, 2TC-TT-BDTFT and 2T-TTC-BDTFT, which feature a fluorinated benzodithiophene (BDTFT)-<I>alt</I>-2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-<I>b</I>]thiophene (2T-TT) backbone having different carboxylate attaching positions, were designed and synthesized. By variation of the substitution position of carboxylate groups on the 2T-TT unit, the backbone conformation of the designed building blocks 2TC-TT and 2T-TTC and their corresponding donor-acceptor polymers was fine-tuned as demonstrated by single crystal study and DFT calculation, thus yielding a large device performance difference in organic solar cells. As a result of the relatively higher planarity of the 2T-TTC unit in which the two carboxylate groups were attached on the inner thieno[3,2-<I>b</I>]thiophene moiety, the 2T-TTC-BDTFT polymer exhibited a red-shifted UV-vis absorption, stronger aggregation, and improved charge transport property than its polymer analogue 2TC-TT-BDTFT, in which the two outer thiophene rings were functionalized with carboxylate groups. Benefiting from the improved exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiency, better film morphology, and higher photoresponse, non-fullerene organic solar cells based on 2T-TTC-BDTFT:m-ITIC achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.15% with a fill factor (FF) of ∼70%, while the 2TC-TT-BDTFT:m-ITIC cells showed a relatively lower PCE of 9.65% and FF of 59.31%. The much higher FF of 2T-TTC-BDTFT-based solar cells reflects the great merit of the carboxylation on thienothiophene moiety rather than the outer thiophene counterpart. Therefore, the modulation of the carboxylate position on polymer backbones is an efficient strategy to tune the backbone conformation, interchain packing, film morphology, and the resulting optical, electrical, and photovoltaic properties. Moreover, both the 2T-TTC-BDTFT:m-ITIC and 2TC-TT-BDTFT:m-ITIC solar cells showed excellent stability during annealing and long-term storage. These results demonstrate that carboxylate-functionalized 2T-TTC and 2TC-TT have great potentials as a weak electron-accepting building block for wide band gap polymers for high-performance non-fullerene organic solar cells, and the carboxylate position on the polymer backbones is critical for performance improvement of organic photovoltaic devices.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Compressive force regulates ephrinB2 and EphB4 in osteoblasts and osteoclasts contributing to alveolar bone resorption during experimental tooth movement

Jianhua Hou,Yanze Chen,Xiuping Meng,Ce Shi,Chen Li,Yuanping Chen,Hongchen Sun 대한치과교정학회 2014 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.44 No.6

Objective: To investigate the involvement of ephrinB2 in periodontal tissue remodeling in compression areas during orthodontic tooth movement and the effects of compressive force on EphB4 and ephrinB2 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Methods: A rat model of experimental tooth movement was established to examine the histological changes and the localization of ephrinB2 in compressed periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement. RAW264.7 cells and ST2 cells, used as precursor cells of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively, were subjected to compressive force in vitro. The gene expression of EphB4 and ephrinB2, as well as bone-associated factors including Runx2, Sp7, NFATc1, and calcitonin receptor, were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Histological examination of the compression areas of alveolar bone from experimental rats showed that osteoclastogenic activities were promoted while osteogenic activities were inhibited. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ephrinB2 was strongly expressed in osteoclasts in these areas. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that mRNA levels of NFATc1, calcitonin receptor, and ephrinB2 were increased significantly in compressed RAW264.7 cells, and the expression of ephrinB2, EphB4, Sp7, and Runx2 was decreased significantly in compressed ST2 cells. Conclusions: Our results indicate that compressive force can regulate EphB4 and ephrinB2 expression in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which might contribute to alveolar bone resorption in compression areas during orthodontic tooth movement.

1,4-Di(3-alkoxy-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene: A Building Block Enabling High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors with Increased Open-Circuit Voltages

Chen, Jianhua,Yan, Zhenglong,Tang, Linjing,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Yu, Jianwei,Zhou, Xin,Yang, Kun,Tang, Yumin,Shin, Tae Joo,Woo, Han Young,Guo, Xugang American Chemical Society 2018 Macromolecules Vol.51 No.14

<P>A new building block, 1,4-di(3-alkoxy-2-thienyl)-2,5-difluorophenylene (DOTFP) with several desirable features such as high backbone planarity, suitably lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), and good solubility, was developed by inserting an electron-deficient difluorophenylene into the 3,3′-dialkoxy-2,2′-bithiophene (BTOR) unit. Three regioregular D-A<SUB>1</SUB>-D-A<SUB>2</SUB> type polymers based on DOTFP and benzothiadiazole (BT) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by comparing with a D-A type BTOR-based polymer. The content of highly electron-rich alkoxythiophene is reduced by half in the DOTFP-based polymers versus that of the BTOR-based polymer analogue, which results in a deeper HOMO level and benefits high open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Consequently, the DOTFP-ffBT-based solar cells exhibited a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.7% and an increased <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> of 0.84 V compared to the BTOR-ffBT-based solar cells with a PCE of 2.6% and a <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB> of 0.49 V. Additionally, the DOTFP-based polymers showed improved charge transport properties and film morphology than the BTOR-based polymer BTOR-ffBT, resulting in simultaneous enhancement of the short-circuit current (<I>J</I><SUB>sc</SUB>) and fill factor (FF) in PSCs. These results demonstrate the great promise of the DOTFP building block for the construction of high-performance photovoltaic polymer semiconductors with increased <I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>s.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

The Throughput Order of Multicast Traffics with Physical-Layer Network Coding in Random Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

Chen, Chen,Bai, Lin,He, Jianhua,Xiang, Haige,Choi, Jin-Ho The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.3

This paper attempts to address the effectiveness of physical-layer network coding (PNC) on the throughput improvement for multi-hop multicast in random wireless ad hoc networks (WAHNs). We prove that the per session throughput order with PNC is tightly bounded as ${\Theta}((n\sqrt{m}R(n))^{-1})$ if $m=(R^{-2}(n))$, where n is the total number of nodes, R(n) is the communication range, and m is the number of destinations for each multicast session. We also show that per-session throughput order with PNC is tight bounded as ${\Theta}(n^{-1})$, when $m={\Omega}(R^{-2}(n))$. The results of this paper imply that PNC cannot improve the throughput order of multicast in random WAHNs, which is different from the intuition that PNC may improve the throughput order as it allows simultaneous signal access and combination.

Influence mechanism of nano-SiO2 on water molecular diffusion at liquid-solid interface of natural ester and cellulose

Jianhua Chen,Zhenglin Zeng,Dong Huang,Chao Tang 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

It is necessary to study the micro mechanism of water diffusion behavior at the liquid-solid interfacebetween natural esters and cellulose by adding nanoparticles to natural esters, the unmodified andnano-SiO2 modified natural ester-cellulose mixing models were established by molecular simulationtechnology. The effects of nanoparticles on the moisture at the liquid-solid interface in the naturalester-cellulose insulation system were analyzed from the perspectives of relative concentration distribution,density field, interaction energy and hydrogen bonding. The simulation results show that watermolecules in natural ester tend to diffuse from natural ester to cellulose in all models, the binding effectof water molecules on cellulose in the nano-modified model is weakened, and the water peak in celluloseis reduced by 57% compared with the unmodified model, so that the moisture impurities in the nanomodifiedmodel cellulose are absorbed to the natural ester-cellulose interface, reducing the damage ofmoisture to the cellulose, which helps to improve the resistance of the natural ester-cellulose insulationcombination aging ability.

가정소설에 나타난 부정(不貞)의 전략적 의미: 〈정을선전〉을 중심으로

진건화(Chen JianHua) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 아시아여성연구 Vol.60 No.1

가정소설 <정을선전>은 여성의 부정모함을 이용하여 계모와 전실소생 내지 처처간의 갈등이 유기적으로 연결되어 전개되는 특이한 구조를 지닌 작품이다. 특히 <정을선전>에서는 여타 가정소설에서 볼 수 없는 피해자이면서 가해자인 이중적 모습을 지닌 여자주인공의 등장과 함께, 모자(母子), 처처(妻妻), 고부(姑婦), 주종(主從) 등 대표적 여성인물 간의 복합적 갈등을 보여준다는 점에서 특징적이라 할 수 있다. <정을선전>에서는 두 차례 부정모함을 걸쳐 여성들 간의 적대관계가 확장되면서 여자주인공 춘연의 이중적인 대응방식을 보여주었는데, 이는 춘연의 신분전환에 따른 가정구성원으로서 가치부여의 산물이다. 더불어 남성 중심적 가정체제에서 여성들 간의 갈등이 남성으로 인해 발생하고 남성에 의해 해결된다는 것은 결국 여성들은 남성지배적인 가정 윤리를 유지하고 강화하는 도구가 될 수밖에 없다는 것을 보여준다. 이러한 지향성을 지닌 <정을선전>을 비롯한 가정소설의 창작과 유통은 ‘악한 계모’나 ‘시기심이 많은 처첩’이란 여성에 대한 부정적 인식과 사회 통념의 형성에 영향을 미쳤고, 작품에서의 여성들의 대립은 사회적 대립으로 확대되는 경향도 보인다. 이로써 남성중심적 가정윤리의 내부적 모순을 감추고 피해자인 여성의 ‘병태적(病態的)’ 모습을 부각시킴으로써, 갈등의 책임은 여성에게 전가되면서, 남성 지위의 확보와 유가적 가족 질서의 합리성이 미화되기에 이른다. The family novel Jeongeulseonjeon has an unusual structure in which conflicts between stepmothers and wives are closely connected and develop using slander regarding women’s infidelity. Jeongeulseonjeon is characterized by the emergence of a female protagonist who is simultaneously a victim and perpetrator. It also depicts the conflicts between representative female characters such as mothers and sons, wives, mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law, masters and servants etc In Jeongeulseonjeon, conflicts between women in male-dominated families were created and resolved by men, which eventually forced women to become tools for maintaining and strengthening male-dominated family ethics. The creation and circulation of this kind of family novels, including Jeongeulseonjeon, has influenced the formation of negative perceptions and social norms about women such as “evil stepmother” or “jealous wife and concubine.” Further, women’s confrontations in works tend to expand to social confrontation. This conceals the internal contradiction of male-centered family ethics and highlights the “pathological” appearance of the victim, which shifts the responsibility for the conflict to women. In doing so, it helps to secure men’s status and glorify the rationality of the Confucian family order.

An Inherent Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge Converter with No Additional Auxiliary Circuits

Jianhua Wang,Baojian Ji,Hongbo Wang,Naifu Chen,Jun You 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.3

An inherent zero-voltage and zero-current-switching phase-shifted full-bridge converter with reverse-blocking insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or non-punch-through IGBT is proposed in this paper. This converter not only ensures that the switches in the lagging leg works at zero-current switching, but also minimizes circulating conduction loss without any additional auxiliary circuits. A 1.2 kW hardware prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested to verify the proposed topology. The control loop design procedures with small-signal models are also presented. A simple, low-cost, and robust democratic current-sharing circuit is also introduced and verified in this study. The proposed converter is a suitable alternative for compact, cost-effective applications with high-voltage input.

Study on the electroporation technology in Agaricus bisporus Breeding

Jianhua Liao,Zesheng Wang,Meiyuan Chen,Zhenghui Lu,Zhongjie Guo,Hongrong Li 한국버섯학회 2004 한국버섯학회 국제학술대회 Vol.3 No.-

(σ, σ)-DERIVATION AND (σ, 𝜏)-WEAK AMENABILITY OF BEURLING ALGEBRA

Chen, Lin,Zhang, Jianhua Korean Mathematical Society 2021 대한수학회보 Vol.58 No.5

Let G be a topological group with a locally compact and Hausdorff topology. Let ω be a diagonally bounded weight on G. In this paper, (σ, σ)-derivation and (σ, 𝜏)-weak amenability of the Beurling algebra L¹_ω(G) are studied, where σ, 𝜏 are isometric automorphisms of L¹_ω(G). We prove that every continuous (σ, σ)-derivation from L¹_ω(G) into measure algebra M_ω(G) is (σ, σ)-inner and the Beurling algebra L¹_ω(G) is (σ, 𝜏)-weakly amenable.

3-D Seismic Images of Crust and Upper Mantle beneath Bohai Basin and its adjacent regions, Eastern China

Liu, Jianhua,Liu, Futain,He, Jiankun,Chen, Hui Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2000 지구물리 Vol.3 No.4

본 연구는 동지나 분지에서의 지각변형, 3차원적 지진파 속도 분포 및 화산암 원소의 지화학적 추적을 통하여, 분지의 지체구조적 및 대륙의 지체동역학적인 해석을 목적으로 수행되었다 This research was carried out in order to give some reasonable solutions on basin tectonics and on continental geodynamics, which are approached by using integrative researches on crustal deformation, 3-D seismic velocity reconstruction and geochemical tracing of volcanic rocks in the eastern China basin system.