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Ji‑Hyun Kim,Sang Youp Hwang,Jung Eun Park,Gi Bbum Lee,Ho Kim,Seokhwi Kim,Bum Ui Hong 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.3
To prepare activated carbon with a high specific surface area, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) that can serve as useful electron donors during KOH activation were treated with nitric acid and incorporated into activated carbon. OFGs are incorporated differently according to the surface characteristics of starting materials. Up to 22.46% OFGs are incorporated into wood-based activated carbons (WACs), the C=O, COOH contents was 1.90, 17.05%, respectively. Whereas up to 12.82% OFGs are incorporated into coconut shell-based activated carbons, the C=O, COOH contents was 4.12, 6.15%, respectively. The OFGs used for increasing the specific surface area are the carbonyl group, and as the content of the functional group increases, the carbonyl group spreads to the carboxyl group. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased by 10–68% with an increase in the carbonyl group up to 6% (maximum point of carbonyl group). On the other hand, the specific surface area for WACs increased when the carboxyl group was 10% or below, but decreased by 6–15% when it increased to 10% or excess.
Macro Model and Sense Amplifier for a MRAM
Ji-HyunKim,Jung-WhaLee,Seung-JunLee,HyungsoonShin 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.41 No.6
For the simulation of the architecture for a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) based on GMR (giant magnetoresistance) and a MTJ (magnetic tunnel junction) cell having a hysteretic characteristics, a macro model showing this hysteresis is required. Also, a new sense amplier is needed for the MRAM because the cell is destroyed at high voltages. Thus, this work presents a macro model and a sensing circuit for a MRAM. The macro model is realized by using a six-terminal subcircuit, which emulates the hysteretic nature of MRAM cell, and read/write simulations are possible. A current-source bit-line-clamped sense amplier maintains a low voltage on the bit line during the full VDD sensing, so it is suitable for sensing the MRAM cell.
Ji-su Kim,Mirae Hong,Yang-JaeKang,Tae-HwanJun,Jong-HoLee,Kil-HyunKim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
The red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren are one of the serious pests in the world. Recently, S. invicta and S. germinata were found at Gamman pier, Pusan port in Korea by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. It is difficult to discriminate between S. invicta and S. germinata because of their morphology. Although DNA barcoding is an efficient method for species identification based on partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene(COI), amplification of non-target sequences or heteroplasmic COI sequences may result in the failure of Sanger sequencing. To overcome these limitations, application of next generation sequencing platforms is an alternative method. Here, we developed SNP markers using NGS technologies to distinguish two fire ants accurately and easily. For read mapping from high-throughput sequencing data, we used S. invicta reference genome version Si_gnG downloaded from NCBI database. Samtools were used for genotypes calling after mapping read to reference genome by BWA. After coding sequence SNPs that clearly distinguish S. invicta and S. geminata from one candidate gene were selected, the SNPs were validated additional Sanger sequencing using various accessions, including S. invicta and S. geminata. Our results demonstrated that detection of S. invicta from Solenopsis genus group could be accurately and quickly detected by these markers.