Sustainable Rural Tourism Practices From the Local Tourism Stakeholders' Perspectives

Jennifer Kim Lian Chan(Jennifer Kim Lian Chan ) People&Global Business Association 2023 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.28 No.3

Purpose: The paper presents empirical evidence of sustainable practices adopted by rural tourism stakeholders. It explores the concept and meaning of sustainable practices and what motivates rural tourism stakeholders to adopt sustainable tourism practices as well as recommendations to enhance sustainable rural tourism practices. Design/methodology/approach: This paper describes an exploratory qualitative research project designed to investigate sustainable tourism practices of the rural tourism stakeholders. An inductive approach was adopted to address the research objectives. Specifically, this paper focuses on individuals' subjectivity and understanding of sustainable tourism practices in terms of meaning, motivations, and areas of improvement. The respondents' opinions were collected through semi-structured interviews. A total of 29 rural tourism operators participated in the data collection from the two rural tourism associations in Sabah, Malaysia. The data collection was held at Kota Marudu and Kuala Penyu from April to May 2022. Findings: The findings revealed that sustainable tourism practices relate to conservation and preservation, economic benefits, collaboration and protection, environmental impact, future growth, awareness, knowledge, and improvement. Interestingly, the meaning of sustainable tourism practices is strongly connected to the term “fairness”, to competitive products and quality attractions, and to meeting tourists' needs. This implies the meaning of sustainable tourism practices is not limited to economic, environmental, and sociocultural impacts; it also relates to quality tourism products and the needs of tourists. Key drivers for sustainability practices include economic, social, environmental, and government support. Relevant approaches for improving sustainable rural tourism practices include greater participation and collaboration among rural tourism operators, conservation and preservation, destination uniqueness, long-term growth, and 3Rs practices (reduce, reuse, and recycle). Research limitations/implications: Findings implicate sustainable rural tourism destination management and the rural tourism stakeholders to adopt and enhance the sustainability of the rural sites and destination. It also extends the scope of existing literature on the meaning, motivation and sustainability practices of rural tourist destinations. Originality/value: This study focuses on the importance of sustainability in rural tourism in Sabah, Malaysia, an area on which limited empirical research has been done. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the meaning and drivers of sustainable practices from the rural tourism operators' perspectives. Additionally, it proposes sound strategies for sustainable rural tourism practices. Such practices and development are attributed to an individual's understanding of the concept of and motives for adopting sustainable development practices, government support, and core infrastructure. Finally, this study offers practical implications for sustainable development of rural tourism.

What is integrative medicine? Establishing the decision criteria for an operational definition of integrative medicine for general practice health services research in Australia

Jennifer Hunter,Joanna E. Harnett,Wai-Jo Jocelin Chan,Marie Pirotta 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.4

Background: Operational definitions outline how a conceptual definition will be measured for consistent, reproducible data collection and analysis. This article reports the decision criteria that will be used for an operational definition of integrative medicine (IM) in a secondary analysis of an Australian national survey of general practitioner activity. Methods: A multidisciplinary team applied an iterative approach, informed by expert knowledge and literature reviews to establish decision criteria for categorizing the terms in the Australian clinical interface terminology of the International Classification of Primary Care, second edition (ICPC-2 PLUS) and the Coding Atlas for Pharmaceutical Substances, according to whether they reflected IM, conventional/mainstream medicine (MM), or both IM and MM (IM/MM). Results: The final decision criteria categorized all terms for examinations, investigations, advice/counselling, and drugs with synthetic ingredients, and terms for referrals to secondary care services and healthcare practitioners that are not a traditional or complementary medicine practitioner as MM. Terms that could apply to both styles of clinical practice (e.g., preventive health, lifestyle medicine, psychosocial and some drugs with natural ingredients) were categorised as IM/MM. The remaining terms, that mostly reflected the World Health Organization's theoretical definitions of traditional and complementary medicine, were categorized as IM. Conclusion: Differentiating between integrative and conventional/mainstream medicine in general practice is context specific and not always possible. The category IM/MM proposes integrative medicine as an extension, rather than an alternative. The rationale for the integrative medicine operational definition has relevance for researchers and health services in Australia, and internationally.

The qualitative orientation in medical education research

Jennifer Anne Cleland 한국의학교육학회 2017 Korean journal of medical education Vol.29 No.2

Qualitative research is very important in educational research as it addresses the “how” and “why” research questions and enables deeper understanding of experiences, phenomena and context. Qualitative research allows you to ask questions that cannot be easily put into numbers to understand human experience. Getting at the everyday realities of some social phenomenon and studying important questions as they are really practiced helps extend knowledge and understanding. To do so, you need to understand the philosophical stance of qualitative research and work from this to develop the research question, study design, data collection methods and data analysis. In this article, I provide an overview of the assumptions underlying qualitative research and the role of the researcher in the qualitative process. I then go on to discuss the type of research objectives which are common in qualitative research, then introduce the main qualitative designs, data collection tools, and finally the basics of qualitative analysis. I introduce the criteria by which you can judge the quality of qualitative research. Many classic references are cited in this article, and I urge you to seek out some of these further reading to inform your qualitative research program.

Gender and Mission Encounters in Korea: New Women, Old Ways By Hyaeweol Choi, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009. 296pp., US$29.95, ISBN 978-0520098695 (paperback)

Jennifer Jung-Kim(서평자) The Academy of Korean Studies 2010 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.13 No.3

Effects of Leadership Behaviours on Job Satisfaction

Jennifer Loke 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

Effectiveness of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and Chronic Kidney Disease: Results from the Veterans Affairs System

( Jennifer R. Kramer ),( Amy Puenpatom ),( Kevin Erickson ),( Yumei Cao ),( Donna L. Smith ),( Eirum Chaudhri ),( Hashem B. El-serag ),( Fasiha Kanwal ),( Eungeol Sim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 1 and 4 infections and has demonstrated high sustained virologic response (SVR) in many HCV populations, including those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EBR/GZR in people with HCV infection and CKD in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective observational cohort study of HCV-infected people in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) using the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. The study population included people with RNA positive for HCV who initiated EBR/GZR between February 1 and December 1, 2016. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated per Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines, was used to determine CKD stages. Results: A total of 2436 HCV-infected veterans treated with EBR/GZR ± ribavirin (RBV) were included in the evaluable population: 1611 (66.1%) had baseline eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73㎡, 393 (16.1%) had CKD stage 3 (eGFR, 30-59 mL/min/1.73㎡), and 407 (16.7%) had CKD stages 4-5 (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73㎡). The mean age was 63.5 years (SD=5.9). Most participants were male (96.5%), African American (57.4%), and had HCV genotype 1 infection (95.4%). Other comorbidities in these participants included cirrhosis (33.3%), diabetes (53.2%), depression (57.6%), and HIV infection (3.1%). 95.2% (1533/1611) of those with eGFR >60 mL/min/1.73㎡ achieved SVR. SVR rates were 96.7% in those with CKD stage 3, and 96.3% in those with CKD stages 4-5. SVR rates were 93.3-100% in participant subgroups based on HCV genotype, HIV coinfection, baseline viral load, and cirrhosis. Full SVR data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: EBR/GZR was highly effective in HCV-infected veterans with moderate to severe CKD. SVR rates were high across select subgroups in a large clinical setting.

Extrusion Puffing of Pork Meat - Defatted Soy Flour - Corn Starch Blends to Produce Snack - like Products

Jennifer J. Jamora,Ki Soon Rhee,Khee Choon Rhee 한국식품영양과학회 2001 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.6 No.3

To produce expanded, minimally hard extrudates from blends of raw pork meat (20%), defatted soy flour (25%), and corn starch using a single-screw extruder, various combinations of feed moisture, process temperature, and screw speed were evaluated. First series of extrusion runs were conducted according to a central composite rotatable design/response surface methodology (RSM). Upon assessing the full model for each response, insignificant terms were eliminated to determine final response surface models. Screw speed within the range evaluated was found to have no significant effect on expansion ratio (ER) or shear force (SF) of extrudates. Since examinations of the response surfaces and their generated grids of predicted values indicated that maximum ER and minimum SF were likely to be attained with a moisture-temperature combination outside the RSM experimental range, the second series of extrusion runs were conducted with several selected combinations of moisture and temperature to determine a practical optimum extrusion condition. The combination of 22.78% feed moisture, 160℃ process temperature, and 170 rpm screw speed was chosen as such a condition, and used in the final extrusion. The final product required less force to break than did commercial pretzel sticks.

Think-Aloud as an Instructional Tool for Developing Second Language Reading

Jennifer M. Yi 한국응용언어학회 2002 응용 언어학 Vol.18 No.2

INSIGHTS INTO RETAIL THERAPY SHOPPERS: EXPERIENCES SOUGHT, BEHAVIORAL SETTING, AND TIES TO SHOPPING ADDICTION

Jennifer Yurchisin,Kim K. P. Johnson,Haesung Whang,Kittichai Watchravesringkan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Retail therapy occurs when consumers shop to improve negative feelings rather than merely acquire a needed product (Kang & Johnson, 2011). Retailers in all channels enable consumers to have positive emotional responses by providing them with positive experiences. Pine and Gilmore (1999) identified four types of experiences sought by consumers: entertainment, education, escapism, and esthetics (i.e., 4Es). It is not known which, if any, of the 4Es motivate offline and online retail therapy shopping trips. Retail therapy shoppers may seek different benefits in open, online stores (where they have a great deal of freedom) versus closed, brick-and-mortar stores (where they are limited by time and space) (Bhate & Hannam, 2014). When retail therapy shoppers have experiences they desire, they should experience positive emotional reactions (i.e., pleasure, arousal) (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982). Furthermore, consumers who experience positive emotional reactions tend to display impulse buying behavior (Chang, Eckman, & Yan, 2011). Engaging in impulse buying while retail therapy shopping may encourage compulsive buying behavior (Kang & Johnson, 2011), the most severe form of which is shopping addiction (Edwards, 1993). Based on this collection of previous research, the following hypotheses were developed: H1: Among retail therapy shoppers, the amount of a) entertainment b) education, c) escapism, and d) esthetics sought will be significantly different between 1) offline stores and 2) online stores. H2: Retail therapy behavior will be positively related to level of a) pleasure and b) arousal experienced while shopping. H3a: Level of pleasure experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H3b. Level of arousal experienced while shopping will be positively related to impulse buying behavior. H4: Among retail therapy shoppers, impulse buying behavior will be positively related to shopping addiction behavior.Method Using Amazon’s MTurk, 409 consumers (62.6% female; 72.0% Caucasian; 36.5% 30-39 years old) were recruited for an online survey. Participants were first asked to indicate if they had experience shopping for clothing to improve their mood. Clothing was selected as the focus of the study because it is a gender-neutral product frequently purchased during retail therapy (Atalay & Meloy, 2011). Only participants who had engaged in retail therapy behavior were asked to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The next five sections of the questionnaire contained multi-item, 7-point, Likert-type scales previously used to assess the variables in the study. Demographic information was also collected. Results To test H1, a series of t-tests was conducted to compare the benefits sought by retail therapy shoppers in open and closed settings. The means for each of the 4 Es were significantly greater for the closed setting of the store than the open setting of the website. Therefore, H1 was supported. Two regression models were created to test H2a and b. The coefficients for retail therapy were positively and significantly related to pleasure (β = .87; t = 35.70; p < 0.000) and arousal (β = .85; t = 32.52; p < 0.00). Thus, H2a and b were both supported. To examine H3a and b, another regression model was created. The coefficients for pleasure (β = .25; t = 4.51; p < 0.00) and arousal (β = .64; t = 11.69; p < 0.00) were positive and significant. Thus, H3a and H3b were both supported. Lastly, to test H4, a final regression model was created. The coefficient for impulse buying behavior (β = .93; t = 51.49; p < 0.00) was positive and significant, supporting H4. Discussion The results of the present study shed light on retail therapy shopping behavior. Consumers do seek the 4Es when therapeutically shopping for clothing, and they seek the 4Es to a greater degree in closed, offline environments. Perhaps the need to delay gratification in offline stores raises expectations of experiences that can be received immediately in online stores. Participants experienced pleasure and arousal when engaging in retail therapy behavior, thereby supporting researchers (Kang & Johnson, 2011) who conceptualized retail therapy behavior as mood-alleviative consumption behavior. The positive emotions experienced while clothing shopping were related to retail therapy shoppers’ impulse buying behavior, which was positively related to shopping addiction. The success experienced by individuals who engage in shopping behavior to improve their mood seems to encourage future shopping trips to enhance positive emotions. Thus, a troubling pattern of overconsumption may develop if retail therapy shoppers do not find additional methods for mood-alleviation.

Monitoring the 2007 Florida east coast Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) red tide and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) event

Jennifer L. Wolny,Paula S. Scott,Jacob Tustison,Christopher R. Brooks 한국조류학회I 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1

In September 2007, reports of respiratory irritation and fish kills were received by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) from the Jacksonville, Florida area. Water samples collected in this area indicated a bloom of Karenia brevis, the dinoflagellate that produces brevetoxin, which can cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. For the next four months, K. brevis was found along approximately 400 km of coastal and Intracoastal waterways from Jacksonville to Jupiter Inlet. This event represents the longest and most extensive red tide the east coast of Florida has experienced and the first time Karenia species other than K. brevis have been reported in this area. This extensive red tide influenced commercial and recreational shellfish harvesting activities along Florida’s east coast. Fourteen shellfish harvesting areas (SHAs) were monitored weekly during this event and 10 SHAs were closed for an average of 53 days due to this red tide. The length of SHA closure was dependent on the shellfish species present. Interagency cooperation in monitoring this K. brevis bloom was successful in mitigating any human health impacts. Kernel density estimation was used to create geographic extent maps to help extrapolate discreet sample data points into 5 km2 radius values for better visualization of the bloom.