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Fault detection of composite beam by using the modal parameters and RBFNN technique
Irshad Ahmad Khan,Dayal Ramakrushna Parhi 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4
The detection of transverse cracks in terms of their location and intensity by using the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)technique is analyzed in the current research and validated with experimental investigation. The glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite isused in this research because of its valuable features, such as high stiffness and strength-to-weight ratios, good fatigue and wear resistance,and damage tolerance capability compared with isotropic material. The theoretical and numerical investigations are performed toobtain a relationship between the change in natural frequencies and mode shapes for the cracked and noncracked composite beam. Numericalanalysis is performed by using the finite element software ANSYS on cracked and noncracked composite beams to measure themodal parameters, such as natural frequencies and mode shapes. These parameters are used to design an artificial intelligent controllerbased on the RBFNN-type neural network for predicting crack severity and its intensity. The relative natural frequencies and modeshapes (First, second, and third modes) of vibration are used as input data to the RBFNN controller, and the relative crack locations andcrack depths are the output of RBFNN. Results from theoretical and numerical analysis are compared with the experimental results, and agood agreement is observed between them.
Miniaturized MIMO Antenna with Low Inter-radiator Transmittance and Band Rejection Features
Muhammad Irshad Khan,Muhammad Irfan Khattak,Mauth Al-Hasan 한국전자파학회JEES 2021 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.21 No.4
In this article, compact a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system with flag-shaped radiators and a mountain-shaped ground plane is presented. Isolation is enhanced with the help of a decoupling stub placed between radiators, where two bands are stopped with the help of slits etched into the radiators. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 15 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm. The reflection coefficients are less than -10 dB between 3–10.9 GHz, except the bands WiMAX (3.2–3.7 GHz) and WLAN (5–6 GHz); similarly, measured and simulated transmission coefficients are less than -20 dB across the entire band of UWB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.02 and the diversity gain is greater than 9.9 dB. The gain, ECC, radiation pattern, multiplexing efficiency, diversity gain and various other parameters are discussed and evaluated in detail.
The Relationship Between Despotic Leadership and Employee Outcomes: An Empirical Study from Pakistan
KHAN, Hafiz Ghufran Ali,AHMED, Irshad,Ul AIN, Qurat,MUMTAZ, Roohi,IKRAM, Memoona Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6
Through emotional exhaustion, this study empirically tests followers' behavioral responses to autocratic leaders. The current research focuses on effects caused by despotic leadership on followers' emotional exhaustion, which leads to employee outcomes such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggression. The association between despotic leadership and results (employee interpersonal deviance and indirect violence) is investigated in this study. In this study, emotional exhaustion is used as a mediator. Furthermore, negative affectivity is used as a moderator between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion. A time-lagged framework is employed with a sample of 255 respondents. Age, qualification, marital status, gender, grade, type of organization, department, and job experience are among the eight demographical questions in this study. After evaluating the data for normality, correlation analysis was performed, followed by moderation and mediation analysis. The current study explores the link between despotic leadership and emotional exhaustion among followers, arguing that a despotic leader will leave followers exhausted at work. Emotional exhaustion was also linked to interpersonal deviances, such as indirect aggression, in a significant and positive way. Employee outcomes, such as interpersonal deviances and indirect aggressiveness through emotional exhaustion, will be influenced by a despotic leader, according to the findings.
Development of a 3D Color Diagram for Improved Visual Grading System of Cotton
Nayab Khan,Michael Vik,Farida Irshad,Bekir Yildirim,Assad Farooq,Muhammad Azeem Ashraf 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.1
The international trade of cotton is based on color and trash, which can be assessed by different methods. Although thereare so many instruments in the market to measure the color of cotton, but still now, the visual grading of cotton color is considered to be the most impressive method. Cotton-growing countries have professionally trained persons to grade the colorof cotton according to international standards. The disagreement between visual and instrumental grading is a big problemin the industry. In this research work, an improved method of visual grading system was developed, and the color diagramis represented in different color spaces.
Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Shahid, Muhammad,Ok, Yong Sik,Shaheen, Sabry M.,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Wang, Hailong,Murtaza, Behzad,Islam, Ejazul,Farrakh Nawaz, M.,Lü,ttge, Andreas Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.621 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we examined the sorption of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) to Japanese oak wood-derived biochar (OW-BC) in aqueous solutions, and determined its efficiency to remove As from As-contaminated well water. Results revealed that, among the four sorption isotherm models, Langmuir model showed the best fit to describe As(III) and As(V) sorption on OW-BC, with slightly greater sorption affinity for As(V) compared to As(III) (<I>Q<SUB>L</SUB> </I> =3.89 and 3.16mgg<SUP>−1</SUP>; R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.91 and 0.85, respectively). Sorption edge experiments indicated that the maximum As removal was 81% and 84% for As(III)- and As(V)-OW-BC systems at pH7 and 6, respectively, which decreased above these pH values (76–69% and 80–58%). Surface functional groups, notably OH, COOH, CO, CH<SUB>3</SUB>, were involved in As sequestration by OW-BC, suggesting the surface complexation/precipitation and/or electrostatic interaction of As on OW-BC surface. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy indicated that 36% of the added As(III) was partially oxidized to As(V) in the As(III) sorption experiment, and in As(V) sorption experiment, 48% of As(V) was, albeit incompletely, reduced to As(III) on OW-BC surface. Application of OW-BC to As-contaminated well water (As: 27–144μgL<SUP>−1</SUP>; <I>n</I> =10) displayed that 92 to 100% of As was depleted despite in the presence of co-occurring competing anions (e.g., SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, CO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>). This study shows that OW-BC has a great potential to remove As from solution and drinking (well) water. Overall, the combination of macroscopic sorption data and integrated spectroscopic and microscopic techniques highlight that the fate of As on biochar involves complex redox transformation and association with surface functional moieties in aquatic systems, thereby providing crucial information required for implication of biochar in environmental remediation programs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Arsenic removal efficiency of Japanese oak wood biochar (OW-BC) was explored. </LI> <LI> Langmuir model provided the best fit, with a greater <I>Q<SUB>L</SUB> </I> for arsenate than arsenite. </LI> <LI> XANES spectroscopy indicated redox transformation of arsenite⇔arsenate on OW-BC. </LI> <LI> FTIR spectra revealed arsenite/arsenate association with functional groups on OW-BC. </LI> <LI> OW-BC efficiently removed As (92 to 100%) from drinking well water. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Niazi, Nabeel Khan,Bibi, Irshad,Shahid, Muhammad,Ok, Yong Sik,Burton, Edward D.,Wang, Hailong,Shaheen, Sabry M.,Rinklebe, Jö,rg,Lü,ttge, Andreas Elsevier 2018 Environmental pollution Vol.232 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we examined the removal of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) by perilla leaf-derived biochars produced at 300 and 700 °C (referred as BC300 and BC700) in aqueous environments. Results revealed that the Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for As(III) and As(V) sorption, with the sorption affinity following the order: BC700-As(III) > BC700-As(V) > BC300-As(III) > BC300-As(V) (<I>Q</I> <SUB> <I>L</I> </SUB> = 3.85–11.01 mg g<SUP>−1</SUP>). In general, As removal decreased (76–60%) with increasing pH from 7 to 10 except for the BC700-As(III) system, where notably higher As removal (88–90%) occurred at pH from 7 to 9. Surface functional moieties contributed to As sequestration by the biochars examined here. However, significantly higher surface area and aromaticity of BC700 favored a greater As removal compared to BC300, suggesting that surface complexation/precipitation dominated As removal by BC700. Arsenic K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy demonstrated that up to 64% of the added As(V) was reduced to As(III) in BC700- and BC300-As(V) sorption experiments, and in As(III) sorption experiments, partial oxidation of As(III) to As(V) occurred (37–39%). However, XANES spectroscopy was limited to precisely quantify As binding with sulfur species as As<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB>-like phase. Both biochars efficiently removed As from natural As-contaminated groundwater (As: 23–190 μg L<SUP>−1</SUP>; <I>n</I> = 12) despite in the presence of co-occurring anions (e.g., CO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>) with the highest levels of As removal observed for BC700 (97–100%). Overall, this study highlights that perilla leaf biochars, notably BC700, possessed the greatest ability to remove As from solution and groundwater (drinking water). Significantly, the integrated spectroscopic techniques advanced our understanding to examine complex redox transformation of As(III)/As(V) with biochar, which are crucial to determine fate of As on biochar in aquatic environments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BC700 (high temperature) perilla leaf biochar removed more arsenite at pH 7–9 than BC300 (low temperature). </LI> <LI> Langmuir model efficiently delineated sorption affinity for arsenite and arsenate, notably by BC700. </LI> <LI> FTIR spectroscopy and elemental maps indicated arsenic association with surface functional groups. </LI> <LI> XANES spectroscopy revealed redox transformation/fate of arsenite and arsenate on biochars. </LI> <LI> Both biochars depleted arsenic in groundwater, with slightly higher removal by BC700. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>