Locality Condition on the cwu- ~ talAllomorphy of GIVE in Korean

Minjung Kim,Inkie Chung 한국생성문법학회 2017 생성문법연구 Vol.27 No.3

Kim, Minjung, Chung, Inkie. 2017. Locality Condition on the cwu- ~ talAllomorphy of GIVE in Korean. Studies in Generative Grammar, 27-3, 611-630. This study argues that the verb form tal- is one of the suppletive allomorphs of the verb GIVE in Korean and presents a Distributed Morphology account for the suppletion of cwu- ~ tal- for GIVE and the locality mechanism related to this morphosyntactic alternation. First, this study provides the precise morphosyntactic environment of tal-. Second, it presents the situations where this expected suppletion is blocked by an intervening element between the root and the conditioning element(s). Then, it presents a Distributed Morphology analysis of the cwu- ~ talsuppletion. Based on these observations and analysis, we argue that the apparent long-distance conditioning of this tal- suppletion is actually limited within the domain of word as suggested by Bobaljik (2012).

Early Surgery versus Watchful Waiting in Patients with Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Inki Moon,Minkwan Kim,Jae-Woong Choi,Jun-Bean Park,Ho-Young Hwang,Hyung-Kwan Kim,Yong Jin Kim,Kyung-Hwan Kim,Ki-Bong Kim,Dae-Won Sohn,Seung-Pyo Lee 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.9

Background and Objectives: Severe aortic stenosis (AS) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is a class I indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) but this recommendation is not well established in those at the stage of moderate AS. We investigate the clinical impact of AVR among patients with moderate AS and LVSD. Methods: From 2001 to 2017, we consecutively identified patients with moderate AS and LVSD, defined as aortic valve area 1.0–1.5 cm2 and left ventricular ejection fraction <50%. The primary outcome was all-cause death. The outcomes were compared between those who underwent early surgical AVR (within 2 years of index echocardiography) at the stage of moderate AS versus those who were followed medically without AVR at the outpatient clinic. Results: Among 255 patients (70.1±11.3 years, male 62%), 37 patients received early AVR. The early AVR group was younger than the medical observation group (63.1±7.9 vs. 71.3±11.4) with a lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. During a median 1.8-year follow up, 121 patients (47.5%) died, and the early AVR group showed a significantly lower all-cause death rate than the medical observation group (5.03PY vs. 18.80PY, p<0.001). After multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and laboratory data, early AVR at the stage of moderate AS significantly reduced the risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.91; p=0.028). Conclusions: In patients with moderate AS and LVSD, AVR reduces the risk of all-cause death. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to confirm our findings.

Thermally robust ring-shaped chromium perfect absorber of visible light

Kim, Inki,So, Sunae,Rana, Ahsan Sarwar,Mehmood, Muhammad Qasim,Rho, Junsuk De Gruyter 2018 Nanophotonics Vol.7 No.11

<P>A number of light-absorbing devices based on plasmonic materials have been reported, and their device efficiencies (or absorption) are high enough to be used in real-life applications. Many light-absorbing applications such as thermophotovoltaics and energy-harvesting and energy-sensing devices usually require high-temperature durability; unfortunately, noble metals used for plasmonics are vulnerable to heat. As an alternative, refractory plasmonics has been introduced using refractory metals such as tungsten (3422 degrees C) and transition metal nitrides such as titanium nitride (2930 degrees C). However, some of these materials are not easy to handle for device fabrications owing to their ultra-high melting point. Here, we propose a light absorber based on chromium (Cr), which is heat tolerant due to its high melting temperature (1907 degrees C) and is compatible with fabrication using conventional semiconductor manufacturing processes. The fabricated device has >95% average absorption of visible light (500-800 nm) independent of polarization states. To verify its tolerance of heat, the absorber was also characterized after annealing at 600 degrees C. Because of its compactness, broadband operational wavelength, and heat tolerance, this Cr perfect absorber will have applications in high-temperature photonic devices such as solar thermophotovoltaics.</P>

Determination of the appropriate piezoelectric materials for various types of piezoelectric energy harvesters with high output power

Kim, Sun-Woo,Lee, Tae-Gon,Kim, Dae-Hyeon,Lee, Ku-Tak,Jung, Inki,Kang, Chong-Yun,Han, Seung Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Nahm, Sahn unknown 2019 Nano energy Vol.57 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For a type-1 piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH), in which stress develops in the supporting system of the piezoelectric materials, the electromechanical coupling factor (<I>k</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB>) of the piezoelectric materials is important for the output power at the resonance frequency. Therefore, soft-piezoelectric materials are good candidates for these PEHs. For type-2 PEHs, in which stress develops in the piezoelectric material and supporting system, the figure of merit (<I>FOM</I>) of the output power at the resonance frequency is (<I>k</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB> <SUP>2</SUP> × <I>Q</I> <SUB> <I>m</I> </SUB>)/<I>s</I> <SUB> <I>11</I> </SUB> <SUP> <I>E</I> </SUP>, where <I>Q</I> <SUB> <I>m</I> </SUB> and <I>s</I> <SUB> <I>11</I> </SUB> <SUP> <I>E</I> </SUP> are the mechanical quality factor and the elastic compliance of piezoelectric materials, respectively. In particular, the effect of <I>Q</I> <SUB> <I>m</I> </SUB> is very large for these PEHs, indicating that hard-piezoelectric materials are good candidates for type-2 PEHs operating at the resonance frequency. For both type-1 and type-2 PEHs operating at off-resonance frequency, the <I>k</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB> <SUP>2</SUP> × <I>d</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB> × <I>g</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB> is the <I>FOM</I> of the output power of the PEHs, where <I>g</I> <SUB> <I>ij</I> </SUB> is a piezoelectric voltage constant. Therefore, soft-piezoelectric materials are also good candidates for both type-1 and type-2 PEHs operating at the off-resonance frequency.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Piezoelectric materials for the maximum output power depend on the type of PEH. </LI> <LI> Soft-piezoelectric materials are good for type-1 PEH at the resonance frequency. </LI> <LI> Hard-piezoelectric materials are good for type-2 PEH at the resonance frequency. </LI> <LI> Soft-piezoelectric materials are good for PEH at the off-resonance frequency. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

DA 11004, a synthetic IDPc inhibitor, inhibits the high fat high sucrose diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice

Kim WonBae,Jeong MiYoung,Shin ChangYell,Sohn JinBup,Lee InKi,Son Miwon,Bae CheolJun,Byun JongSoo,Kim DongSung,Huh TaeLin,Yoo Moohi,Kim SoonHae 大韓藥學會 2003 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2003 No.1

Contactless User Identification System using Multi-channel Palm Images Facilitated by Triple Attention U-Net and CNN Classifier Ensemble Models

Inki Kim(김인기),Beomjun Kim(김범준),Sunghee Woo(우성희),Jeonghwan Gwak(곽정환) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.27 No.3

본 논문에서는 기존의 스마트폰 카메라 센서를 사용하여 비접촉식 손바닥 기반 사용자 식별 시스템을 구축하기 위해 Attention U-Net 모델과 사전 훈련된 컨볼루션 신경망(CNN)이 있는 다채널 손바닥 이미지를 이용한 앙상블 모델을 제안한다. Attention U-Net 모델은 손바닥(손가락 포함), 손바닥(손바닥 미포함) 및 손금을 포함한 관심 영역을 추출하는 데 사용되며, 이는 앙상블 분류기로 입력되는 멀티채널 이미지를 생성하기 위해 결합 된다. 생성된 데이터는 제안된 손바닥 정보 기반 사용자 식별 시스템에 입력되며 사전 훈련된 CNN 모델 3개를 앙상블 한 분류기를 사용하여 클래스를 예측한다. 제안된 모델은 각각 98.60%, 98.61%, 98.61%, 98.61%의 분류 정확도, 정밀도, 재현율, F1-Score를 달성할 수 있음을 입증하며, 이는 저렴한 이미지 센서를 사용하고 있음에도 불구하고 제안된 모델이 효과적이라는 것을 나타낸다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 모델은 COVID-19 펜데믹 상황에서 기존 시스템에 비하여 높은 안전성과 신뢰성으로 대안이 될 수 있다. In this paper, we propose an ensemble model facilitated by multi-channel palm images with attention U-Net models and pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for establishing a contactless palm-based user identification system using conventional inexpensive camera sensors. Attention U-Net models are used to extract the areas of interest including hands (i.e., with fingers), palms (i.e., without fingers) and palm lines, which are combined to generate three channels being ped into the ensemble classifier. Then, the proposed palm information-based user identification system predicts the class using the classifier ensemble with three outperforming pre-trained CNN models. The proposed model demonstrates that the proposed model could achieve the classification accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score of 98.60%, 98.61%, 98.61%, 98.61% respectively, which indicate that the proposed model is effective even though we are using very cheap and inexpensive image sensors. We believe that in this COVID-19 pandemic circumstances, the proposed palm-based contactless user identification system can be an alternative, with high safety and reliability, compared with currently overwhelming contact-based systems.

Direct potentiation of NK cell cytotoxicity by 8-azaguanine with potential antineoplastic activity

Kim, Nayoung,Choi, Ji-Wan,Song, Ah Young,Choi, Woo Seon,Park, Hye-Ran,Park, Sojung,Kim, Inki,Kim, Hun Sik Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.67 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study identified 8-azaguanine (8-AG) as a novel immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) through a high-throughput screen of the Preswick Chemical Library in a model of human NK cell cytotoxicity against blood cancer cells. 8-AG, originally developed as an antineoplastic agent, significantly increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells and was superior in this activity to previously known IMiDs, such as fluoxetine and amphotericin B, identified from the same library. IFN-γ expression was also slightly increased by 8-AG. Mechanistically, 8-AG increased conjugate formation between NK and target cells and subsequent cytolytic granule polarization, but not calcium mobilization, regulation of activating receptors, or expression of perforin or granzyme B. Thus, the antineoplastic activity of 8-AG should be re-evaluated in light of this novel potentiating effect on NK cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 8-azaguanine (8-AG) was originally developed as an antineoplastic agent. </LI> <LI> 8-AG was identified by high-throughput screen to increase the cytotoxicity of NK cells. </LI> <LI> 8-AG increased the formation of NK-target conjugates and cytolytic granule polarization. </LI> <LI> 8-AG serves a dual function as antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drug. </LI> </UL> </P>

A drug‐repositioning screen for primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells identifies 6‐thioguanine as an effective therapeutic agent for TPMT‐low cancer cells

Kim, Inki,Choi, Yeon‐,Sook,Song, Jae Hwi,Choi, Eun A,Park, Sojung,Lee, Eun Ji,Rhee, Je‐,Keun,Kim, Song Cheol,Chang, Suhwan John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018 MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY Vol.12 No.9

<P>Pancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to cure due to the lack of early diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to isolate new bioactive compounds that effectively kill pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, but not untransformed, human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells. To this end, we established four primary PDAC cell lines and screened 4141 compounds from four bioactive‐compound libraries. Initial screening yielded 113 primary hit compounds that caused over a 50% viability reduction in all tested PDAC cells. Subsequent triplicate, dose‐dependent analysis revealed three compounds with a tumor cell‐specific cytotoxic effect. We found that these three compounds fall into a single category of thiopurine biogenesis. Among them, 6‐thioguanine (6‐TG) showed an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 0.39–1.13 μ<SMALL>M</SMALL> toward PDAC cells but had no effect on HPDE cells. We propose that this cancer selectivity is due to differences in thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) expression between normal and cancer cells. This enzyme is responsible for methylation of thiopurine, which reduces its cytotoxicity. We found that <I>TPMT</I> levels were lower in all four PDAC cell lines than in HPDE or Panc1 cells, and that knockdown of <I>TPMT</I> in HPDE or Panc1 cells sensitized them to 6‐TG. Lastly, we used a patient‐derived xenograft model to confirm that 6‐TG has a significant antitumor effect in combination with gemcitabine. Overall, our study presents 6‐TG as a strong candidate for use as a therapeutic agent against PDAC with low levels of TPMT.</P>

Disparate roles of zinc in chemical hypoxia-induced neuronal death

Kim, Sujeong,Seo, Jung-Woo,Oh, Shin Bi,Kim, So Hee,Kim, Inki,Suh, Nayoung,Lee, Joo-Yong Frontiers Media S.A. 2015 Frontiers in cellular neuroscience Vol.9 No.-

<P>Accumulating evidence has provided a causative role of zinc (Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) in neuronal death following ischemic brain injury. Using a hypoxia model of primary cultured cortical neurons with hypoxia-inducing chemicals, cobalt chloride (1 mM CoCl<SUB>2</SUB>), deferoxamine (3 mM DFX), and sodium azide (2 mM NaN<SUB>3</SUB>), we evaluated whether Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> is involved in hypoxic neuronal death. The hypoxic chemicals rapidly elicited intracellular Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> release/accumulation in viable neurons. The immediate addition of the Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> chelator, CaEDTA or N,N,N’N’-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), prevented the intracellular Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> load and CoCl<SUB>2</SUB>-induced neuronal death, but neither 3 hour later Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> chelation nor a non-Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> chelator ZnEDTA (1 mM) demonstrated any effects. However, neither CaEDTA nor TPEN rescued neurons from cell death following DFX- or NaN<SUB>3</SUB>-induced hypoxia, whereas ZnEDTA rendered them resistant to the hypoxic injury. Instead, the immediate supplementation of Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> rescued DFX- and NaN<SUB>3</SUB>-induced neuronal death. The iron supplementation also afforded neuroprotection against DFX-induced hypoxic injury. Thus, although intracellular Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> release/accumulation is common during chemical hypoxia, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> might differently influence the subsequent fate of neurons; it appears to play a neurotoxic or neuroprotective role depending on the hypoxic chemical used. These results also suggest that different hypoxic chemicals may induce neuronal death via distinct mechanisms.</P>

High-Throughput Screening for Novel Inhibitors of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B

Kim WonBae,Lee Inki,Son MiWon,Jung MiYoung,Shin ChangYell,Kim DongSung,Kim SoonHoe,Yoo MooHi 大韓藥學會 2002 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2002 No.2