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Molecular breeding stratagies for pyramiding viral resistances in tomatoes
Inhwa Yeam 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
Marker assisted selection (MAS) for disease resistance is widely applied in practical tomato breeding program both in public and private sectors. Due to the commercial value and the importance as a model crop system, tomato has taken the lead in MAS among the other horticultural crops. A wide range of disease resistance genes were identified and the mechanism of the resistances has been explored in tomatoes. In the case of disease resistance Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the major threats for tomato production worldwide, and several resistance sources for TYLCV resistance have been identified among wild tomato species. Ty1/3 resistance gene has been recently identified as a DFDGD-class RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RDR). Late blight (LB) in tomato is caused by Phythophthora infestans, and several resistances sources have been applied in the practical breeding program. Ph3 resistance, a LB resistance against a wide-range of P. infestans isolates, has been reported as a gene coding a CC-NBS-LRR gene on chromosome 9. In this study, we developed reliable and comprehensive molecular markers based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or insertion/deletion (InDel) directly responsible for the resistance phenotype. These functional molecular markers are expected to enhance the effectivity and accuracy of MAS for disease resistance in tomato breeding programs.
Development of gene-based markers for pink fruit peel color in tomatoes
Marina Lee,Jungsu Jung,Hyun Jung Kim,Inhwa Yeam,Je Min Lee 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
Tomato fruit color, which is the most visible characteristic among the other fruit traits, is considered to have a substantial influence on consumers. The pink-colored tomatoes with high soluble solids content are considerably preferred especially in Asia compared to the other colors. Generally the pink fruit trait of tomatoes is easily determined by visual examination of intact fruit, however, it is technically determined by the characteristic of the fruit peel. The pink trait is regulated by variations of the SlMYB12(y) gene located on chromosome 1, which controls the accumulation of the naringenin chalcone, which comprises a large proportion of flavonoids. In this study, we developed a derived Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (dCAPS) marker and a sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) marker in order to discriminate of pink/non-pinktomatoes in the domestic breeding lines. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the SlMYB gene is highly expressed in non-pink fruit peel, whereas the expression is significantly lowered in the pink fruit peel. These gene based markers are expected to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of selection pink-tomatoes in tomato breeding programs.
Perez, Kari,Yeam, Inhwa,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl,Ripoll, Daniel R,Kim, Jinhee,Murphy, John F,Jahn, Molly M APS Press 2012 Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol.25 No.12
<P>Potyvirus resistance in Capsicum spp. has been attributed to amino acid substitutions at the pvr1 locus that cause conformational shifts in eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E. The viral genome-linked protein (VPg) sequence was isolated and compared from three Tobacco etch virus (TEV) strains, highly aphid-transmissible (HAT), Mex21, and N, which differentially infect Capsicum genotypes encoding Pvr1(+), pvr1, and pvr1(2). Viral chimeras were synthesized using the TEV-HAT genome, replacing HAT VPg with Mex21 or N VPg. TEV HAT did not infect pepper plants homozygous for either the pvr1 or pvr1(2) allele. However, the novel chimeric TEV strains, TEVHAT(Mex21-VPg) and TEV-HAT(N-VPg), infected pvr1 and pvr1(2) pepper plants, respectively, demonstrating that VPg is the virulence determinant in this pathosystem. Three dimensional structural models predicted interaction between VPg and the susceptible eIF4E genotype in every case, while resistant genotypes were never predicted to interact. To determine whether there is a correlation between physical interaction of VPg with eIF4E and infectivity, the effects of amino acid variation within VPg were assessed. Interaction between pvr1(2) eIF4E and N VPg was detected in planta, implying that the six amino acid differences in N VPg relative to HAT VPg are responsible for restoring the physical interaction and infectivity.</P>
Soon-Tae Kwon,Inhwa Yeam,Jong Hwa Shin 한국자원식물학회 2020 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.33 No.6
Brassica rapa is one of the most valuable vegetable crops worldwide. Cultivated varieties of B. rapa exhibit diverse developmental and morphological appearances, which includes important vegetables, oilseeds, and fodder crops. In this study, various phenotypes of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of B. rapa were investigated, including their responses to five different pathogenic Botrytis cinerea isolates, responses to aphid and thrips during flowering stages, days to flowering, and plant heights. Responses of 113 RILs to five different B. cinerea isolates showed variations, suggesting that genetic factors controlling resistance or tolerance against each isolate were dependent on isolate/genotype pairs. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the nature of genetic factors and the relationship among these phenotypes. Although high levels of correlation were not detected between phenotypes assessed in this study, statistically significant correlation was detected for several combinations. Significant positive correlations were found for different B. cinerea isolates, supporting that certain levels of commonality could exist in genetic components controlling resistance against different B. cinerea isolates. Based on correlation analysis using numbers of insects counted on plants, it was speculated that genetic factors responsible for aphid tolerance or repellence might be also involved in the response against thrips. Relationship between vegetative growth and tolerance against B. cinereal or insects is rather more complicated. However, it was observed that shorter plants appeared to have a certain level of tolerance or repellence against both aphids and thrips. Data presented in this study could be used to assist further genetic studies and breeding efforts to obtain Botritis and insect resistance for B. rapa.
Molecular Markers for Selecting Diverse Disease Resistances in Tomato Breeding Programs
( Je Min Lee ),( Chang Sik Oh ),( Inhwa Yeam ) 한국육종학회 2015 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.3 No.4
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. In addition, tomato serves as an excellent model system for plant genetics and biology, including fruit biology, abiotic stress tolerance, and plant-microbe interactions. Development and practical use of molecular markers have been actively pursued in molecular breeding programs for tomato, especially for disease resistance to allow selection of a single resistance gene and combination of multiple resistance genes. Due to insufficient genetic variation in cultivated tomatoes, various wild relatives of tomato have been investigated and utilized as disease resistance sources. In order to pursue the resistance provided by these wild relatives in developing new tomato varieties, molecular markers have been developed and intensively utilized in tomato breeding programs. In this review, we summarize the currently available molecular markers that confer resistance against major tomato diseases, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), verticillium wilt, fusarium wilt, late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, leaf mold caused by Cladosporium fulvum, root-knot caused by Meloidogyne spp., bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp., and bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae. The provided marker information is expected to contribute to development of marker-assisted selection for disease resistance and to exploration of novel genetic sources for a tomato breeding program.