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Inhibitors of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthesis Expression from Artemisia iwayomogi
HannaAhn,JiYeonKim,HwaJinLee,YongKyunKim,Jae-HaRyu 대한약학회 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.4
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive agent that mediates a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological events. NO overproduction by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) results in severe hypotension and inflammation. This investigation is part of a study to discover new iNOS inhibitors from medicinal plants using a macrophage cell culture system. Two sesquiterpenes (1 and 2) were isolated from Artemisia iwayomogi (Compositae) and were found to inhibit NO synthesis (IC50 3.64 mg/mL and 2.81 mg/mL, respectively) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Their structures were identified as 3-O-methyl-isosecotanapartholide (1) and iso-secotanapartholide (2). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the LPSinduced expression of the iNOS enzyme in the RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibition of NO production via the down regulation of iNOS expression may substantially modulate the inflammatory responses.
Repeated injections of botulinum toxin into the masseter muscle induce bony changes in human adults
Hwa-Jin Lee,Sung-Jin Kim,Kee-Joon Lee,Hyung-Seog Yu,Hyoung-Seon Baik 대한치과교정학회 2017 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.47 No.4
Objective: To evaluate soft- and hard-tissue changes in the mandibular angle area after the administration of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injection to patients with masseteric hypertrophy by using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (3D-CBCT). Methods: Twenty volunteers were randomly divided into two groups of 10 patients. Patients in group I received a single BoNT-A injection in both masseter muscles, while those in group II received two BoNT-A injections in each masseter muscle, with the second injection being administered 4 months after the first one. In both groups, 3D-CBCT was performed before the first injection and 6 months after the first injection. Results: Masseter muscle thicknesses and cross-sectional areas were significantly reduced in both groups, but the reductions were significantly more substantial in group II than in group I. The intergonial width of the mandibular angle area did not change significantly in either group. However, the bone volume of the mandibular gonial angle area was more significantly reduced in group II than in group I. Conclusions: The repeated administration of BoNT-A injections may induce bone volume changes in the mandibular angle area.
Hwa-Jin Lee,Keon Yeop Kim,Jong-yeon Kim,Sin Kam,Kyeong Soo Lee,Jung Jeung Lee,Nam Soo Hong,Tae-Yoon Hwang 대한예방의학회 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.4
Objectives: This study evaluated the response in Daegu, Korea to the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic according to a public health emergency response model. Methods: After an examination of the official data reported by the city of Daegu and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as a literature review and advisory meetings, we chose a response model. Daegu’s responses were organized into 4 phases and evaluated by applying the response model. Results: In phase 1, efforts were made to block further transmission of the virus through preemptive testing of a religious group. In phase 2, efforts were concentrated on responding to mass infections in high-risk facilities. Phase 3 involved a transition from a high-intensity social distancing campaign to a citizen participation–based quarantine system. The evaluation using the response model revealed insufficient systematic preparation for a medical surge. In addition, an incorporated health-related management system and protection measures for responders were absent. Nevertheless, the city encouraged the participation of private hospitals and developed a severity classification system. Citizens also played active roles in the pandemic response by practicing social distancing. Conclusions: This study employed the response model to evaluate the early response in Daegu to the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed areas in need of improvement or maintenance. Based on the study results, creation of a systematic model is necessary to prepare for and respond to future public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic.
( Hwa-jin Lee ),( Shin-hae Lee ),( Ji-hyeon Lee ),( Kyung-jin Min ) 한국장기요양학회 2018 한국장기요양학회 추계학술대회자료집 Vol.2018 No.-
Ionizing radiation induces biological and physiological changes and has been known to affect the commensal microbes that are related to host physiology. Thus, we investigated the role of commensal microbes on the radiation induced host physiological change using germ-free fly (Drosophila melanogaster). After irradiation (0.1 Gy and 5 Gy) on late 3rd larvae stage, the microbial load tends to be lower than that of non-irradiated flies at 1-7 days after irradiation. And, the microbial load of 5 Gy irradiated flies was increased compared to that of non-irradiated flies at 15 days after irradiation; while 0.1 Gy irradiated flies tend to decrease it. In addition, we found that irradiation did not change the lifespan of conventional flies, however irradiation at 5 Gy significantly reduced the lifespan of germ-free flies. Furthermore, we found that motility was decreased by both high dose radiation and this detrimental effect of radiation was more severe when germ free flies were irradiated, indicating that germ-free flies are more radio-sensitive than conventional flies. To understand the underlying mechanism of commensal bacteria on radiation-induced physiological changes, we measured the function of mitochondria which is well known to be related with aging and motility. As similar with motility result, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption measured by using OROBOROS O2K was increased by irradiation, but decreased by commensal bacterial removal. Interestingly, mitochondrial membrane permeability measured by using a fluorescent dye MitoTracker Red was increased by irradiation and bacterial removal. Further experiments are required to precise mechanism of the role of commensal microbes on radiation-induced physiological changes.
( Hwa Jin Lee ),( Ho Bin Ha ) 국어교육학회 2015 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.50 No.5
The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the grounds that cause the Chinese learner``s errors in Korean liquid pronunciation. The basis of analyzing pronunciation errors, in many cases, compares the phoneme inventory of target language with learner``s. However, the explanation by comparison of phoneme inventory is somewhat unclear when the proper segment that is pronounced by learner causes error in syllable level such as ``/nola/ → [nol.a]``. In this study, unlike previous contrastive approaches, we assume that the crucial key which causes the Korean liquid pronunciation errors of the Chinese learner is the difference between both languages in the process of syllabification. In the case of Chinese, there is only the convention that formulates ambisyllabicity without the application of rule so-called ``onset linking`` in syllable boundary. Therefore, the Chinese learner blocks the coda [l] to onset [□], or applies ambisyllable [ll] to syllable boundary.
Inhibitory Activity of Medicinal Herbs on Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Activated Macrophages
Hwa Jin Lee,Ji Sun Kim,Changbae Jin,Jae-Ha Ryu 한국생약학회 2005 Natural Product Sciences Vol.11 No.1
nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to beresponsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock, cancer metastasis and inflammation.The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidates for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompaniedby the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for thetreatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production inof herbal drugs, 35 extracts showed the potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at theconcentration of 50 g/mL. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solventfractions at two diferent concentrations. Especialy, hexane and EtOAc fractions of Alpinia officinarum, Angelicagigas, Ostericum koreanum, Saussurea lappa, Torilis japonica, and hexane fractions of Agrimonia pilosa,Machilus thunbergi, Hydrangea serata, Magnolia obovata, Prunela vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, and EtOACfractions of Perila frutescence showed a significant activity at 10 and/or 25 g/mL. In Western blot analysis, thehexane fractions (5 g/mL) of Magnolia obovata and Saussurea lappa, and EtOAc fractions (20 g/mL) ofHydrangea Serrata, Perilla frutescence and Torilis japonicaactivated macrophages. These plants may be promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided purificationof active compounds and might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and endotoxemiaaccompanying overproduction of NO.