Date seed activated carbon decorated with CaO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a reusable sorbent for removal of formaldehyde

Hossein Khaleghi,Hossein Esmaeili,Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh,Bahman Ramavandi 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.1

Activated carbon (AC) was produced from date seeds by a calcination process at 700 oС for 2 h and then its surface was improved with CaO and magnetic nanoparticles. AC/CaO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was then employed to remove formaldehyde ions from aqueous media. The structural characteristics of the materials were completely studied through FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, Map, VSM, BET and TEM analyses. The results showed that the nanocomposite has a mesoporous structure (average pore diameter~13 nm) with great sorption capability. Also, the utmost removal efficiency of formaldehyde using AC, AC/Fe3O4, CaO/Fe3O4 and AC/Fe3O4/CaO nanocomposite was 94.73, 95.67, 95.14 and 98.22%, respectively, indicating that the removal efficiency increases by improving the surface properties of the AC. Moreover, the uptake of formaldehyde using AC/Fe3O4/CaO nanocomposite follows the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-2nd-order kinetic models. Furthermore, the highest sorption capacity of AC, AC/Fe3O4, CaO/Fe3O4 and AC/ Fe3O4/CaO nanocomposite using the Langmuir model was obtained 19.86, 24.21, 21.28 and 24.01mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic study showed that formaldehyde sorption using all four adsorbents is exothermic and spontaneous. The reusability of the adsorbents was also evaluated after ten reuse cycles and the outcomes indicated that these four adsorbents have significant reusability. Moreover, the impact of interfering ions (e.g., carbonate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and chloride) showed that all of these compounds, except nitrate, had little competition with formaldehyde ions for adsorption on the nanocomposite surface.

Activated carbon@MgO@Fe3O4 as an efficient adsorbent for As (III) removal

Esmaeili Hossein,Mousavi Seyyed Mojtaba,Hashemi Seyyed Alireza,Chiang Wei-Hung,Ahmadpour Abnavi Somayeh 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.5

In this study, Fe3O4/MgO/Activated carbon composite was used to remove arsenic ion (As (III)) from aqueous media. To this end, Frangula Alnus was used to prepare activated carbon (AC) by calcination in the furnace at 700 °C for 4 h and was then used to synthesize the MgO/Fe3O4/AC composite. To study the surface properties of the composite, various analyses such as SEM, EDX/Mapping, FTIR, DLS, BET and VSM were applied. According to the BET analysis, the specifc surface area and average pore size of the Fe3O4/MgO/AC composite were obtained as 190.92 m2 /g and 7.57 nm, respectively, which showed that the aforementioned nanocomposite had a mesoporos structure with an excellent specifc surface area. Also, VSM analysis indicated that the composite had a superparamagnetic property and could be easily separated from the solution by a magnet. Moreover, the results of the As (III) sorption indicated that the highest uptake efciency was obtained 96.65% at pH=7, adsorbent dosage=0.13 g/L, t=35 min, T=45 °C and Co=6 mg/L. In addition, the pseudo-second-order model could better describe the kinetic behavior of the sorption process. Furthermore, Langmuir model was the best model to describe the equilibroium behavior of the As(III) ion sorption. Besides, according to the the thermodynamic study, enthalpy change and entropy change were obtained 58.11 kJ/mol and 224.49 J/mol.K, respectively, indicating that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. According to the results, the Fe3O4/MgO/AC composite was a good adsorbent with the extraordinary properties, which can be used on an industrial scale.

Effect of interfering ions on phosphate removal from aqueous media using magnesium oxide@ferric molybdate nanocomposite

Hossein Esmaeili,Rauf Foroutan,Dariush Jafari,Mohammad Aghil Rezaei 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.5

The removal efficiency of phosphate ion from aqueous media using magnesium oxide/iron molybdate (MgO/Fe2(MoO4)3) nanocomposite was investigated. MgO nanoparticles were chemically modified by ferric molybdate. Then, the structure and morphology of the nanocomposite was completely investigated using different analyses such as SEM, EDX/Map, FTIR, XRD, TGA, BET, and TEM. The TEM analysis demonstrated that the particles in the mentioned nano-composite were on a nanoscale. BET analysis proved that the nanocomposite was mesoporous with mean pore size of 9.4 nm. The sorption outcomes demonstrated that the highest phosphate sorption yield was achieved at 98.38%, exhibiting remarkable sorption efficiency. Carbonate ions showed to have the highest interfering impact compared to sulfate and nitrate ions, since phosphate ion removal efficiency decreased significantly when carbonate and phosphate ions were simultaneously available in the solution. The thermodynamic studies demonstrated that the current sorption process was spontaneous, possible, and exothermic. The sorption equilibrium investigation showed that the Freundlich isotherm model can describe the adsorption of phosphate ion better than can the Langmuir model, and the maximum sorption capacity was obtained as 30.21mg/g. Additionally, the adsorbent was successfully regenerated four times and was able to perform the sorption and desorption process well.

Does supplementing laying hen diets with a herb mixture mitigate the negative impacts of excessive inclusion of extruded flaxseed?

Hosseini Hossein,Esmaeili Noah,Sepehr Aref,Zare Mahyar,Rombenso Artur,Badierah Raied,Redwan Elrashdy M. 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.4

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.

Laboratory Investigation on Preplaced Ballast Aggregate Concrete Deterioration over Freezing–Thawing Cycles

Morteza Esmaeili,Sajad Behnajad,Milad Hossein Esfahani 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.6

One of the major gaps in previous research on the mechanical behavior of ballasted railway tracks converted into slab tracks using the preplaced aggregate concrete technique is its durability against freezing and thawing cycles. The present study pioneers at investigating the Preplaced Ballast Aggregate Concrete (PBAC) deterioration during freezing–thawing cycles, in which several freeze–thaw tests were carried out to measure the weight loss of PBAC samples during various freezing–thawing cycles, as well as the reduction in both compressive/tensile strengths and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity. Moreover, the image acquisition of the PBAC samples was performed using a digital microscope and subsequently, an image processing technique was utilized to find a relation between the surface defect area at each imposed cycle and the number of cycles as a lifetime representative. As a result, an equation was developed to predict the defect frequency versus imposed cycles and the defect area generated to find the serviceability lifetime of PBAC in aggressive weather conditions. It was concluded that such PBAC can tolerate 6.16 years in the regions with full freezing–thawing weather conditions.

Adsorptive performance of calcined Cardita bicolor for attenuating Hg(II) and As(III) from synthetic and real wastewaters

Abolfazl Teimouri,Hossein Esmaeili,Rauf Foroutan,Bahman Ramavandi 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.2

The first application of calcined Cardita bicolor oyster shell (CCBS) for Hg(II) and As(III) adsorption from synthetic and real wastewaters was tested. The main elements in CCBS structure were carbon, oxygen, magnesium, phosphor, and calcium. Effects of different parameters like initial pH, contact time, temperature, and CCBS dosage were assessed. The results showed that the maximum recovery of Hg(II) and As(III) adsorption was determined as C0=10mg/L, t=80 min, T=25 oC, CCBS dosage=5 g/L, and pH=6 (for mercury ion) and 7 (for arsenic ion). In these conditions, 95.72% Hg(II) and 96.88% As(III) were removed from aqueous solution. The correlation coefficient (R2) values for both adsorbates were obtained >0.98 and >0.96 for Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more capable to describe kinetic behavior of adsorption process of both metal ions in comparison with pseudo-first-order model. The half life (t1/2) value for Hg(II) and As(III) with initial concentration of 10mg/L was 4.032 and 4.957 min, respectively. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters of enthalpy (ΔHo), entropy (ΔSo), and Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) were investigated. Two real wastewaters obtained from a leather factory and a landfill leachate were successfully treated using CCBS. The results confirmed that adsorption process of metals ions was exothermic and spontaneous.

Heavy metal ions (lead, cobalt, and nickel) biosorption from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from Citrus limetta leaves

Aboli Elham,Jafari Dariush,Esmaeili Hossein 한국탄소학회 2020 Carbon Letters Vol.30 No.6

In this research, Pb (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) toxic heavy metal ions adsorption from synthetic aqueous system have been studied using the activated carbon prepared from Citrus limetta leaves. Therefore, the relationship between the adsorption parameters (solution pH, dosage of adsorbent, temperature, initial concentration of the ions, and adsorption time) and the removal percentage of the prepared adsorbent have been investigated. Additionally, the adsorbent was analyzed through BET, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. According to the results, the maximal adsorption efciencies for heavy metal ions were achieved in pH=6, the adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L, temperature=25 °C, the ion initial concentration of 5 mg/L, and contact time of 60 min, which were 99.53%, 98.63%, and 97.54% for Pb, Co, and Ni ions, respectively. Based on Kinetic studies, the performance of pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better than pseudo-frst-order model for the description of time-dependent behavior of the process. Additionally, the equilibrium data were ftted by Langmuir and Freundlich iso�therms, while the former performed better than the latter. The maximum adsorption capacity values for Pb, Co, and Ni ions were achieved equal to 69.82, 60.60, 58.139 mg/g, respectively. Considering the thermodynamic data, the studied processes were exothermic and spontaneous.

Highly efficient removal of toxic ions by the activated carbon derived from Citrus limon tree leaves

Fahime Nemati,Dariush Jafari,Hossein Esmaeili 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.3

The purpose of this study was to remove lead and arsenic ions from aqueous solutions using the activated carbon prepared from Citrus limon tree leaves. Characteristics of the prepared adsorbent were studied thoroughly using BET, SEM, EDS and mapping, XRD, and RAMAN analyses. The results of experiments showed that the highest adsorption efficiencies were 97.67% and 95.89% for Pb (II) and As (III), respectively. Additionally, the adsorbent was successfully regenerated four times and therefore it was able to perform the adsorption and desorption processes well. Moreover, the results of adsorption kinetics showed that the pseudo second-order kinetic model was more effective for the description of adsorption mechanism of both metals. Furthermore, the equilibrium studies indicated that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were desirable for lead and arsenic ions, respectively.

HMF synthesis in aqueous and organic media under ultrasonication, microwave irradiation and conventional heating

Mohammad Jalal Zohuriaan-Mehr,Naser Esmaeili,Hossein Bouhendi,Gholam Bagheri-Marandi 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.6

5-Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) is known as a noteworthy platform in a biorefinery concept. HMF was prepared via fructose dehydration in aqueous and organic media, using three methods, i.e., conventional heating, ultrasonication and microwave irradiation. Water, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), methyl ethyl ketone and ethyl acetate were used as media for HCl-catalyzed synthesis of HMF. FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies were used for analysis. The synthesis yield and selectivity were investigated to optimize variables such as fructose concentration, catalyst dosage, temperature, irradiation power, solvent, and the reaction atmosphere. It was found that the yield in the organic media was superior to that of the aqueous ones. In addition, nitrogen atmosphere favored higher yield than air, due to lack of HMF oxidation. As conclusion, the highest yields of the conventional, ultrasonicated and microwave-assisted reactions were 87, 53, and 38%, respectively. In the reactions ultrasonically promoted, the reaction time scale was highly reduced from hours to minutes. The yield was varied with treatment times, so that ultrasonication was recognized to be the best approach in terms of yield, while the microwave method was the fastest one. Selectivity varied from 60 to 90% depending the reaction media and promotion method.

Glutathione-capped core-shell structured magnetite nanoparticles: Fabrication and their nonlinear optical characteristics

Behrooz Maleki,Ehsan Esmaeilnezhad,최형진,Ehsan Koushki,Hossein Asghar Rahnamaye Aliabad,Mozafar Esmaeili 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.6

Core-shell structured magnetic Fe3O4@glutathione composite nanoparticles were synthesized and examined using diverse methods including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive Xray analysis, transmission electron microscope, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer analysis. In addition, the nonlinear optical measurements were performed by both open and closed aperture zscan methods using an aqueous colloidal solution of the fabricated nanoparticles. The colloidal system exhibited a positive nonlinear refractive index because of the self-focusing effect arising from optical re-orientation. Although optical re-orientation is a rare phenomenon in nanocolloids, high polarizability of the enveloping organic ligands caused optical re-orientation of the composite nanoparticles in the electrical field direction of the incident beam. Finally, the effect of external voltage on the nonlinear optical index was further investigated.