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Jixiang Chen,Weili Jiang,Hongyan Hu,Xiaoyan Ma,Qian Li,Xianpeng Song,Xiangliang Ren,Yan Ma 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.3
The joint action and sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide and lufenuron were measured against Spodoptera exigua. Methoxyfenozide and lufenuron exhibited optimum synergistic toxicity on S. exigua at a mass ratio of 4:6, and the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was 165.705. Third instars larvae of S. exigua were treated with methoxyfenozide (LC 15 = 21.004 ng/cm 2 ), lufenuron (LC 15 = 27.134 ng/cm 2 ), or a mixture of methoxyfenozide and lufenuron (MML, LC 15 = 16.503 ng/cm 2 ) through feeding for 72 h. Ingestion of MML by larvae significantly inhibited larval and pupal weights and pupation rate, and prolonged the larval and pupal development of S. exigua compared to individual treatment ofmethoxyfenozide or lufenuron. Both methoxyfenozide and MML treatments significantly decreased the fertility of female S. exigua. No significant changes were observed in case of adult emergence and egg hatching for different treatments. The MML-treated S. exigua exhibited significantly lower activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) than those in S. exigua treated separately with methoxyfenozide or lufenuron. Finally, methoxyfenozide, lufenuron, and MML treatments decreased chitinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities in S. exigua.
Lin, Yingjia,Li, Yang,Song, Zhi-Guang,Zhu, Hongyan,Jin, Ying-Hua The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were $3.5{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were $1.4{\times}10^5M^{-1}$ and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.
Yingjia Lin,Yang Li,Zhi-Guang Song,Hongyan Zhu,Ying-Hua Jin 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3
Background: Ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh2) is a ginseng saponin that is widely investigated because of its remarkable antitumor activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which (20S) G-Rh2 triggers its functions and how target animals avoid its cytotoxic action remains largely unknown. Methods: Phage display was used to screen the human targets of (20S) G-Rh2. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were used to confirm the interaction of candidate target proteins and (20S) G-Rh2. Molecular docking was utilized to calculate the estimated free energy of binding and to structurally visualize their interactions. MTT assay and immunoblotting were used to assess whether human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and bovine serum can reduce the cytotoxic activity of (20S) G-Rh2 in HepG2 cells. Results: In phage display, (20S) G-Rh2-beads and (20R) G-Rh2-beads were combined with numerous kinds of phages, and a total of 111 different human complementary DNAs (cDNA) were identified, including HSA which had the highest rate. The binding constant and number of binding site in the interaction between (20S)-Rh2 and HSA were 3.5 105 M1 and 1, and those in the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and BSA were 1.4 105 M1 and 1. The quenching mechanism is static quenching. HSA, BSA and bovine serum significantly reduced the proapoptotic effect of (20S) G-Rh2. Conclusion: HSA and BSA interact with (20S) G-Rh2. Serum inhibited the activity of (20S) G-Rh2 mainly due to the interaction between (20S) G-Rh2 and serum albumin (SA). This study proposes that HSA may enhance (20S) G-Rh2 water solubility, and thus might be used as nanoparticles in the (20S) G-Rh2 delivery process.