Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress

Hong, Jung-Pyo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Jung-Pyo Hong. Department of Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Effect of Oriental & Western Anti-Stress Agents on the Changes of the Salivary Gland of Rats under Restraint Stress. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 162-171, 1999.-Stress caused the changes in the neural, vascular and immune system of the body. If stress is mild so as not to exceed the adaptability of the body to it, the homeostasis of the body is maintained. Otherwise psychological and physical disturbances of the body may occur, ample evidence suggests that stress causes apoptosis of the cells, inducing morphological and functional changes of the tissue as the result of tissue destruction. These disorders are also frequently observed in the orofacial region(dentistry), including not only such paychological oral lesions as Iichen planus and geographic tongue but stress-related diseases like temporomandibular disorder and xerostomia. It is, Therefore, possible that anti-stress medicines and stress-reliving activities may prevent and treat the psychosomatic disorders. In the study, we intended to check whether anti-depressant and anti-stress drugs such as Fluoxetine, Bunsimkium and Bohyulanshintang(oriental herbal medicine) can prevent pathologic changes of the salivary gland under the restraint condition. Seven-week old sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups.: Group Ⅰ, normal control;GroupⅡ,rats were under the restraint stress placed in the stress cages; GroupⅢ, rats were administrated Fluoxetine (5mg/kg/day), p.o., under the restraint stress; GroupⅣ,rats were administrated Bunsimkium, p.o., for 10 days before applying the restraint stress also.; Group Ⅴ,rats were administrated Bohyulanshintang, p.o., for 10 days before they were placed under the restraint stress. The rats were sacrificed at day 0,1,3,5,7 of the experiment. The submandibular glands of the rats were sampled immediately. The levels of clusterin protein and mRNA in the tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry and Northen blot analysis respectively. Our results were as follows. 1. Restraint stress induced apoptosis of the submandibular gland. 2. Restraint stress induced the expression of clusterin. The expression of clusterin reached the maximum level when the cellular apoptosis apparent and decreased after then. 3. Apoptosis was occurred on the acinar cells earlier than ductal cells by restraint stress. 4. In the Northern blot and immunohistochemistry, noremarkable difference of clusterin was found in between the normal control group and the Fluoxetine administrated-restraint stress group. 5. In Bunsimkium administrated-restraint stress group, apoposis was delayed. 6. In the Bohyulanshintang administered-restraint stress group, expression of clusterin increased with time and reached the maximum level at day 5 of the experiment and decreased after then. But apoptosis did not occurthrough all days of the experiment. The overall results suggenst that stress can induce pathologic changes in the salivary glands. By an early response to stress, clusterin is expressed in the glands to protect the glandular cells form the stress. But if stress is so strong and prolonged as to exceed the stress adaptability of the cells, then the cells may undergo apoptosis instead of producing clusterin. Administration of stress-relieving drugs such as Fluoxeting, BunsimKium and Bohyulanshintang may be useful in preventing and treating stress-related salivary glands diseases. Our results are thought to be useful to identify the mechanism of stress-related salivary gland diseases such as xerostomia. Hereafter, among the anti-stress medicines such as western medicine and traditional herb medicine, Bohyulanshintang with minimal side effect could be applied to effectively prevent and treat psychosomatic disease.

製品 開發에 關한 디자인 프로세스 메니지먼트

洪正杓 全北大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The economic environment of the world growth into the serious situation since the competition with enterprises and nations is considered as the vigorous fight. The market power and the innovation of technology are essential for the survival of corporation. To do this international competition power has to be forced through the revolutionary innovation of the technology and the creation of design. The roles of design involves the mediatory role of information and knowledgy in organization creative the role of processor making valuable and meaningful information and connective role between man and enterprise. Therefor, industrial design deal with not only the shape of product but also the function of product. It also contents the requirement of the objectivity relationality and necessary in solving the problems and decision making. Design management had required in the systemetic organization, human resource management. Invention of product, and product evaluation. Now the concept of design is not only the creation of beautiful, cheap, and practical product but also the creation of the culture of human life to cope with the change of generation. So design management is necessary to participate social activity and creation new culture. Today the enterprise is using design for making the product whitch has the market power and the competition power. Design management could be interpretated as the methodology of aiding design management. The design management, the top issue design area, should be first understand to prevention the problem that is caused by the various design method, the character of design project, and unnecessary time. To do this, design process should be built in a systemetic way by adaption the various technique of management.

NATM 통신구터널 지보패턴에 관한 연구

홍원표,한중근,이상곤 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

우리나라에서 NATM 통신구터널에 적용되고 있는 암반분류형태 및 지보패턴은 지하철 도시터널과 같이 대형단면 터널에 적용되는 기준을 그대로 적용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 NATM 통신구터널은 대개 소형단면터널이며 깊은 tal도에서 시공되는 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 NATM 통신구터널의 설계 및 시공시에는 적절한 지반암반의 정량화 및 공학적 분류법을 별도로 마련하여 이 분류에 근거한 적합한 지보모델을 제시할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 NATM 통신터널에 적합한 표준지보패턴과 암반분류모델을 7등급으로 구분 제시하며 제시된 암반 분류등급별 지보패턴에 대한 합리성이 터널시공사례에 대한 유한차분해석을 통해 검증된다. The classification of rock-mass and its reinforcement pattern used for Communication Cable Vault in Korea have been actually used such methods that applied to largesectional tunnel construction such as Subway urban-tunneling. However, in the case of small sized tunnel works for Communication Cable Vault which are generally adopted at deep depth, the proper reinforcing support model should be suggested on the basis of quantitative classification of rock-mass for design and construction. This paper presented standard reinforcement pattern and classification model of rock-mass for NATM of Communication Cable Vault. They are divided in to 7-categories of grades and reasonability of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of these suggestion is ascertained from numerical analysis for the construction of Tunnel.

企業의 環境變化에 따른 디자인 對處方案에 관한 硏究 : 디자인 活動과 成功事例를 중심으로 Through the focus of design activities and successful design work examples

홍정표 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.39 No.-

Whether of success in industrial designs judge which of the success of failure of business management and strengthening of an enterprise competitiveness. As it is not so many a plan, that improve of product's image and promote of industrial competitiveness through the more less time and investment as industrial design. As a result of this reason to industrial design development become the center of company interest. Compared with technical development need an exorbitant time and funds investments, industrial design development has just a bit work out relatively a problem of competition strengthening, to more less investments and more fast time. Environment of enterprise and a change of consumers produce to change of design as a strategic tool of business management. A part of design make model character of goods has changing speak of culture for suit to change of environment with reinvestigation of culture, emphasis of regional character, the diversification of wants. And then business of us has need reexamination to role of design suit it's company.

韓國의 암발파 진동상수에 관한 연구

홍원표,엄영진,윤중만 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

암반지반에서 절토나 지하굴착을 실시할 때 암발파로 인해 진동과 소음이 발생하게 된다. 지반진동은 인접구조물에 손상을 주거나 인근주민에게 불쾌감을 주기 때문에 지반진동의 발생기구나 인접구조물에 영향을 미치는 매카니즘을 정확히 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 지반진동에 대한 규준을 마련하는데 있다. 지반진동은 최대입자속도, 발파에너지, 진동원으로 부터의 거리에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 산정된 진동식의 최대입자속도는 기존의 제안식보다 약간 작게 나타나고 있으나 진동원으로부터 50~100m 이내의 거리에서는 매우 유사하게 나타나고 있다. Vibration and noises are occured dut to rock blasting work for cutting and underground excavation performed in rock ground. It is very important to control the vibration produced according to rock blasting. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to estabilish criteria of vibration to control blasting. Vibration is influnced by peck particle velocity, blasting energy, distance from vibration source and strength of rock. The peck particle velocities estimated by the vibration equations presented in this paper are lower than those estimated by existing empirical equations but both show very similar within distance from 50m to 100m.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

製品 디자인의 CPI정립을 위한 디자인 方法論 硏究 : 冷藏庫 CPI 방향수립에 대한 CASE STUDY A CASE STUDY of Refrigerator CPI policy establishment

홍정표 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.37 No.-

Recently, A trend of an enterprise have to extensive scale, also can not but compete with a community enterprise and a multinational corporation get over the domestic compete. Under these circumstance, A businessman demanded for the existence a public policy that a diversified management, high technology, a positive marketing policy. In every phase of management activitie have many case induction of CI for a delivery consumers with an image of one's. This study presents design methods of efficiently and reasonable about the refrigerator design and, for use as basic tool of design development to hence. In the case of this, At first established a scheme of Corporate Product Idendtity by products, established of base way of design process for arrangement of the CPI and established of a direction of design and extract of CPI elements. Refrigerator CPI set limits to design element under the rival enterprise and consumer's circumstance, and then is largely base On the present state of the enterprise. the destination of one's pursue, the values that refrigerator-style have to corporate. The main concept of refrigerator CPI is base on the acceptance of distinct value of client, and has equally to present value system of excellent and original refrigerator styling with each enterprises. Finally, This study in pursue of elementary establishment of model for CPI positioning in the late. This content demands replacement and verification in operation, and detail content of an executive plans have to mediate through the design modeling process in regards the utility of verification and application. By the plan each step, first one phase about item target in each year application responds to examination details. By the question examination method and thesis contents construct to continuous database, examination item drive an each phase, after application main contents to establishement CPI as modification and replacement. In the point of a practical product application of CPI have to process between designer sufficient discussion and evaluate process.

유도선수들의 스포츠자신감 수준이 귀인형태에 미치는 영향

홍재표,차정훈,전승훈 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The present study was designed to examine the effect of sport-confidence on attributional perceptions across male and female fencers. Judo athletes reported their sport-confidence, attribution perceptions on Sport-Confidence Inventory. CDSⅡ(Causal Dimension Scale Ⅱ) According to the previous research findings related to the theme of the study, it was hypothesized that the independent variables of trait sport-confidence. state sport-confidence influence the dependent variable of attributional perceptions. and the relationships between the two kinds of variables were examined using two-way ANCOVA. The implications of the study are as follows : Firstly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the locus of contorl dimension. Secondly. Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the stability dimension. Thirdly, Trait sport-confidence and state sport-confidence of judo athletes significantly affected the contro lability dimension.

차세대 이동 위성서비스의 특성 분석

홍정식,안재경,김지표 한국정보사회진흥원 2005 정보화정책 Vol.12 No.4

1990대에 본격적으로 시작된 위성에 대한 연구를 바탕으로 국내에서는 무궁화 위성이 3호까지 성공적으로 운용되고 있으며, 곧 무궁화위성 5호도 발사될 예정에 있다. 현재 이러한 위성들은 통신, 방송용으로 지상망을 보완하는 역할을 수행하고 있으나, 차후 위성은 언제 어디서나 개인이 원하는 형태로 이용할 수 있는 초고속 멀티미디어 서비스를 제공할 예정이다. 본 연구에서는 미래 이동위성통신시스템의 원활한 개발을 위하여 필수적으로 수반되어야 하는 차세대 유망 위성서비스에 대한 다양한 분류작업과 지상망 대비 경쟁력 검토를 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 양방향 HDTV, 양방향 DMB, LBS와POS, PPDR, DCD, Glass Vision, 실시간 여행/운전 안내, 자동 정보 업데이트, 산간/오지의 인터넷 등 9개의 유망 위성서비스를 도출하고 그 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 이들 서비스를 심층 분석한 결과 재난정보 서비스, 디지털 콘텐츠 분배서비스, 그리고 산간/오지 인터넷 서비스가 보다 경쟁력 있는 서비스로 드러났다.