Prevalence, Risk Factors and Disease Knowledge of Breast Cancer in Pakistan

Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Sultana, Sabira,Akhtar, Naveed,Rehman, Jalil Ur.,Rehman, Riaz Ur. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females all over the world with approximately one million new cases each year as well as one of second leading causes of death among females. In Pakistan, the most frequently diagnosed cancer among females is also breast cancer, accounting for nearly one in nine female patients. Its incidence in Pakistan is 2.5 times higher than that in neighboring countries like Iran and India. The risk factors associated with breast cancer are age, family history, early menarche, intake of combined estrogen and progestin menopausal hormones, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness regarding the disease. This mini-review article aims to provide awareness about breast cancer as well as an updated knowledge about the prevalence, risk factors and disease knowledge of breast cancer in Pakistan.

Irradiation applications for polymer nano-composites: A state-of-the-art review

Muhammad Jawwad Saif,Muhammad Naveed,Hafiz Muhammad Asif,Rabia Akhtar 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-

In recent years, irradiation treatment has emerged as a popular technique for modification of nanostructures in fabrication of high performance polymer composites. The conventional modification methods typically involve expensive chemicals, difficult processing techniques and specialized chemistry. However, the irradiation treatment is considered simple, rapid and “green” technique that operates under ambient conditions and the product is free of residual initiators and modifiers. Such modifications develop strong interfacial matrix-nanostructure interactions and exhibit notable advantages as compared to chemical approaches. High energy radiations have beneficial effects for tailoring structure and properties of nano-systems with high precision. The irradiation processes, mechanisms, strategies and composites are reviewed in this article along with the potential applications and future challenges.

HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer - a Mini-Review

Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Sultana, Sabira,Ahmed, Saeed,Akhtar, Naheed,Tariq, Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Breast cancer is one of among all cancers with increased incidence, high mortality rate, and high economic and social costs. The the most common type of cancer among females worldwide, breast cancer is actually the uncontrolled proliferation of cells which attain malignancy. Recently it has shown that breast cancer contributes 11% among all types of cancer diagnosed globally on an annual basis and it is one of the leading causes of death among women. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 normally involved in the proliferation and division of breast cells. In some abnormal cases the HER2 gene does not work correctly and makes too many copies of itself. HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers constitute an aggressive type of breast cancer and tend to grow faster and are more likely to spread. However, therapies that specifically target HER2, such as Herceptin$^{(R)}$ (traztuzumab), are very effective. HER2 targeted therapies, has significantly improved the therapeutic outcome for patients with HER2 positive breast cancer.

Election Prediction on Basis of Sentimental Analysis in 3^rd World Countries

( Hafiz Syed Muhammad Bilal ),( Muhammad Asif Razzaq ),( Sungyoung Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

The detection of human behavior from social media revolutionized health, business, criminal and political prediction. Significance of it, in incentive transformation of public opinion had already proven for developed countries in improving democratic process of elections. In 3^rd World countries, voters poll votes for personal interests being unaware of party manifesto or national interest. These issues can be addressed by social media, resulting as ongoing process of improvement for presently adopted electoral procedures. On the optimistic side, people of such countries applied social media to garner support and campaign for political parties in General Elections. Political leaders, parties, and people empowered themselves with social media, in disseminating party's agenda and advocacy of party's ideology on social media without much campaigning cost. To study effectiveness of social media inferred from individual's political behavior, large scale analysis, sentiment detection & tweet classification was done in order to classify, predict and forecast election results. The experimental results depicts that social media content can be used as an effective indicator for capturing political behaviors of different parties positive, negative and neutral behavior of the party followers as well as party campaign impact can be predicted from the analysis.

Update knowledge on cervical cancer incidence and prevalence in Asia

Daniyal, Muhammad,Akhtar, Naheed,Ahmad, Saeed,Fatima, Urooj,Akram, Muhammad,Asif, Hafiz Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, with over 500,000 new cases diagnosed annually and 50% mortality rate in Asia. In the United States, approximately 10,370 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed annually, and estimated 3,710 deaths occur from the disease, making it the sixth most common cause of malignancy among American women. This study aims to provide awareness about cervical cancer as well as an updated knowledge about the prevalence and incidence of cervical cancer in Asia.

Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Pakistan

Daniyal, Muhammad,Ahmad, Saeed,Ahmad, Mukhtiar,Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Akram, Muhammad,Rehman, Saif Ur,Sultana, Sabira Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among all cancers and is the 4th most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths due to gastric cancer is about 800,000 annually. Gastric cancer is more common in men as compared to women and is 3rd most common cancer after colorectal and breast cancers in women. A progressive rise in the incidence rate has been observed in females over the last 5 years. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is in China, South America and Eastern Europe. The incidence of gastric cancer has 20 fold variation worldwide. Global variation is linked by two factors which play important role in developing gastric cancer. One is infection with Helicobacter pylori and the $2^{nd}$ is diet. South Asia is a region with low risk, despite a high prevalence of H.pylori. Gastric carcinoma is common in southern region of India. Gastric cancer is more readily treated if diagnosed early. This study aims to provide awareness about gastric cancer as well as an updated knowledge about risk factors and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Pakistan.

Medicinal Plants Combating Against Cancer - a Green Anticancer Approach

Sultana, Sabira,Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Nazar, Hafiz Muhammad Irfan,Akhtar, Naveed,Rehman, Jalil Ur.,Rehman, Riaz Ur. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Cancer is the most deadly disease that causes the serious health problems, physical disabilities, mortalities, and morbidities around the world. It is the second leading cause of death all over the world. Although great advancement have been made in the treatment of cancer progression, still significant deficiencies and room for improvement remain. Chemotherapy produced a number of undesired and toxic side effects. Natural therapies, such as the use of plant-derived products in the treatment of cancer, may reduce adverse and toxic side effects. However, many plants exist that have shown very promising anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo but their active anticancer principle have yet to be evaluated. Combined efforts of botanist, pharmacologist and chemists are required to find new lead anticancer constituent to fight disease. This review will help researchers in the finding of new bioactive molecules as it will focus on various plants evaluated for anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo.

Probabilistic Analysis To Analyze Uncertainty Incorporating Copula Theory

Li Bin,Shahzad Muhammad,Munir Hafiz Mudassir,Nawaz Asif,Fahal Nabeel Abdelhadi Mohamed,Khan Muhammad Yousaf Ali,Ahmed Sheeraz 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.1

The emerging trend of distribution generation with existing power system network leads uncertainty factor. To handle this uncertainty, it is a provocation for the power system control, planning, and operation engineers. Although there are numerous techniques to model and evaluate these uncertainties, but in this paper the integration of Copula theory with Improved Latin-hypercube Sampling (ILHS) are incorporated for Probabilistic load Flow (PLF) evaluation. In probabilistic research approaches, the dominant interest is to achieve appropriate modelling of input random variables and reduce the computational burden. To address the said problem, Copula theory is applied to execute the modelling and interaction among input random variables of the active power system network. Considering the real discrete data, the ILHS is adopted. The load fl ow accessibility of the power system is carefully modeled by considering the dependence and uncertainty factors. Modifi ed IEEE 14-bus system is employed to analyze the effi ciency and performance of the proposed model using active power system network. Output power of two wind energy farms situated in New Jersey are obtained for accuracy comparison. The proposed technique shows the superiority in PLF evaluation.

iCBLS: An interactive case-based learning system for medical education

Ali, Maqbool,Han, Soyeon Caren,Bilal, Hafiz Syed Muhammad,Lee, Sungyoung,Kang, Matthew Jee Yun,Kang, Byeong Ho,Razzaq, Muhammad Asif,Amin, Muhammad Bilal Elsevier 2018 International journal of medical informatics Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Medical students should be able to actively apply clinical reasoning skills to further their interpretative, diagnostic, and treatment skills in a non-obtrusive and scalable way. <I>Case-Based Learning</I> (CBL) approach has been receiving attention in medical education as it is a student-centered teaching methodology that exposes students to real-world scenarios that need to be solved using their reasoning skills and existing theoretical knowledge. In this paper, we propose an interactive CBL System, called iCBLS, which supports the development of collaborative clinical reasoning skills for medical students in an online environment. The iCBLS consists of three modules: (i) <I>system administration</I> (SA), (ii) <I>clinical case creation</I> (CCC) with an innovative semi-automatic approach, and (iii) <I>case formulation</I> (CF) through intervention of medical students’ and teachers’ knowledge. Two evaluations under the umbrella of the context/input/process/product (CIPP) model have been performed with a <I>Glycemia</I> study. The first focused on the system satisfaction, evaluated by 54 students. The latter aimed to evaluate the system effectiveness, simulated by 155 students. The results show a high success rate of 70% for students’ interaction, 76.4% for group learning, 72.8% for solo learning, and 74.6% for improved clinical skills.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study describes how to foster medical trainees’ collaborative learning skills with the support of online advanced learning technologies and real-world clinical cases. </LI> <LI> Designed and developed an <I>interactive Case-Based Learning System</I> (iCBLS) for practising clinical cases before and outside the class. </LI> <LI> The iCBLS supports an innovative method to create real-world clinical cases using a semi-automatic approach. </LI> <LI> Two types of evaluations under the umbrella of the CIPP model have been performed in heterogeneous environments with a <I>Glycemia</I> study. </LI> <LI> The iCBLS achieves a success rate of more than 70% for students’ interaction, group learning, solo learning, and improving clinical skills. </LI> </UL> </P>