The high thermal stability induced by a synergistic effect of ZrC nanoparticles and Re solution in W matrix in hot rolled tungsten alloy

Zhang T.,Du W.Y.,Zhan C.Y.,Wang M.M.,Deng H.W.,Xie Z.M.,Li H. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.8

The synergistic effect of ZrC nanoparticle pining and Re solution in W matrix on the thermal stability of tungsten was studied by investigating the evolution of the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties after annealing in a temperature range of 1000e1700 C. The results of metallography, electron backscatter diffraction pattern and Vickers micro-hardness indicate that the rolled W-1wt%Re-0.5 wt% ZrC alloy has a higher recrystallization temperature (1600 Ce1700 C) than that of the rolled pure W (1200 C), W-0.5 wt%ZrC (1300 C), W-0.5 wt%HfC (1400e1500 C) and WeK-3wt%Re alloy fabricated by the same technology. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicated that solution Re atoms in W matrix can slow down the self-diffusion of W atoms and form dragging effect to delay the growth of W grain, moreover, the diffusion coefficient decrease with increasing Re content. In addition, the ZrC nanoparticles can pin the grain boundaries and dislocations effectively, preventing the recrystallization. Therefore, synergistic effect of solid solution Re element and dispersed ZrC nanoparticles significantly increase recrystallization temperature

A Timetable of the Early Development Stage of Silkies Embryo

Li, B.C.,Chen, G.H.,Qin, J.,Wang, K.H.,Xiao, X.J.,Xie, K.Z.,Wu, X.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.6

The early embryos are obtained in different time after the former egg had been laid, and the aim of the present study was to observe the development law of chicken early embryo.The embryo development has been divided into the two periods according to morphology of blastodisc. Cleavage period, from 5.5 h (0 h uterine age) to 15.5 h (10-10.5 h uterine age) after the former egg had laid, formation blastodisc of 6-7 layers cell. Later blastocyst period, from 17.5 h (12-12.5 h uterine age) to area pellucida formation after the former egg had been laid. The first division took place at 5 h (0 h uterine age), morular at 11.5 h (6-6.5 h uterine age), and blastocyst at 15.5 h (10-10.5 h uterine age) after the former egg had been laid.

Tensile deformation behaviors of Zircaloy-4 alloy at ambient and elevated temperatures: In situ neutron diffraction and simulation study

Li, H.,Sun, G.,Woo, W.,Gong, J.,Chen, B.,Wang, Y.,Fu, Y.Q.,Huang, C.,Xie, L.,Peng, S. North Holland Pub. Co 2014 JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS Vol.446 No.1

Tensile stress-strain relationship of a rolled Zircaloy-4 (Zr-4) plate was examined in situ using a neutron diffraction method at room temperature (RT, 25<SUP>o</SUP>C) and an elevated temperature (250<SUP>o</SUP>C). Variations of lattice strains were obtained as a function of macroscopic bulk strains along prismatic (101@?0), basal (0002) and pyramidal (101@?1) planes in the hexagonal close-packed structure of the Zr-4. The mechanisms of strain responses in these three major planes were simulated using elastic-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) model based on Hill-Hutchinson method, thus the inter-granular stresses and deformation systems of each individual grain under loading were obtained. Results show that there is a good agreement between the EPSC modeling and neutron diffraction measurements in terms of macroscopic stress-strain relationship and lattice strain evolutions of the planes at RT. However, there is a slight discrepancy in the lattice strains obtained from the EPSC modeling and neutron diffraction when the specimen was deformed at 250<SUP>o</SUP>C. Analysis of grain structure and texture obtained using electron back-scattered diffraction suggests that dynamic recovery process is significant during the tensile deformation at the elevated temperature, which was not considered in the simulation.

Hydrophilic silica additives for disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer membranes

Lee, C.H.,Xie, W.,VanHouten, D.,McGrath, J.E.,Freeman, B.D.,Spano, J.,Wi, S.,Park, C.H.,Lee, Y.M. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of membrane science Vol.392 No.-

Hydrophilic silica (SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) nanoparticles (average size=7nm), which act as inorganic acids at low pH (<2), were added together with a PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer dispersant to a random disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer in the potassium salt (?SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>K<SUP>+</SUP>) form in order to control permeation and rejection characteristics of the homopolymer. The dispersants (shell) absorbed on the surface of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles (core) formed a distinctive core-shell structure. The PEO units located at the outside of the dispersant formed complexes with ?SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>K<SUP>+</SUP> groups of BPS-20 via ion-dipole interactions. These interactions induced a compatible binary system following the Flory-Fox equation associated with glass transition temperature (T<SUB>g</SUB>) depression and prevented extraction of the water-soluble dispersant even under aqueous conditions. The ion-dipole interaction, combined with hydrogen bonding between SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and the dispersant, caused SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles to be well distributed within the BPS-20 matrix up to a limit of 1wt.% of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> and minimized the formation of non-selective cavities within the matrix's hydrophilic water channels. The resulting BPS-20_SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposites showed improved salt rejection and reduced ionic conductivity. These trends are analogous to those of disulfonated copolymer systems, with polar groups creating hydrogen bonding or acid-base complexation with ?SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>K<SUP>+</SUP> groups in BPS copolymers. Well dispersed SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles in highly water-permeable desalination membranes are expected to result in an increase in salt rejection but very little change in water permeability. The addition of nanoparticles to desalination membranes may offset the permeability-selectivity tradeoff observed in polymer membranes. Above 1wt.%, SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles increased both the interchain distance between polymer chains and the water uptake. However, the increased hydrophilicity due to high SiO<SUB>2</SUB> content did not yield improved water permeation of the nanocomposite membranes. The SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanoparticles acted as barriers, hindering water passage (restrictive diffusion) and lowering water permeability. Meanwhile, acidic hydroxyl groups (OH<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>+</SUP>) on the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface in the sulfonate matrix led to improved ionic conductivity, but NaCl rejection capability decreased because the concentration of ?SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>K<SUP>+</SUP> was diluted by highly absorbed water molecules, resulting in weakened Donnan exclusion. The mechanical properties and chlorine resistance of all BPS-20_SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposites were comparable to those of BPS-20.

Disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymer thin film composite membrane fabricated using a benign solvent for reverse osmosis applications

Lee, C.H.,McCloskey, B.D.,Cook, J.,Lane, O.,Xie, W.,Freeman, B.D.,Lee, Y.M.,McGrath, J.E. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2012 Journal of membrane science Vol.389 No.-

High performance thin film composite (TFC) membranes for reverse osmosis applications were fabricated by coating solutions of highly chlorine-tolerant disulfonated directly copolymerized poly(arylene ether sulfone) random copolymers (BPS-XX, e.g., BPS-20 and 32) on a commercially available porous polysulfone (e.g., Udel<SUP>(</SUP>R)) support. Solvents used in the formation of the TFCs must dissolve the sulfonated polysulfones used as the skin materials, while not harming the non-sulfonated polysulfone support membrane. For this purpose, environmentally friendly solvents were selected via a systematic screening process using a triangular solubility diagram. However, these benign solvents [e.g., di(ethylene glycol)] generally have high boiling points (>∼190<SUP>o</SUP>C). Thus, they necessitate the use of a special TFC formation process, since solvent evaporation at high temperatures caused pore shrinkage in the polysulfone support membrane and could lead to a catastrophic decrease in membrane water permeance. Support membranes were initially immersed in an IPA/glycerin mixture, after which the IPA was allowed to evaporate, leaving glycerin within the membrane pore structure. After a repeated coating procedure using dilute BPS-XX solutions, the TFC membranes were dried under vacuum at elevated temperatures. During this process, the glycerin reduced pore penetration of BPS-XX and prevented pore collapse during the drying procedures. Finally, water-miscible glycerin was eliminated via water treatment. The newly developed coating method formed ultra-thin and defect-free BPS-XX layers on a micro-porous Udel<SUP>(</SUP>R) support membrane. For example, BPS-32 TFC membranes showed NaCl rejection (∼97%), similar to that of its dense membranes. Furthermore, decreasing the amount of coating solution and, therefore, the BPS-32 coating thickness, resulted in improved pure water flux. The TFC water flux was further improved and was accompanied by small reduction in salt rejection after various TFC membrane treatments (e.g., in situ acidification or IPA treatment).

Synthesis, optical properties, and energy transfer of Ce³⁺/Tb³⁺ co-doped M_yGdF_x (M=Li, Na, K)

Cao, C.,Luo, Z.,Guo, S.,Cao, R.,Noh, H.M.,Jeong, J.H.,Xie, A. Pergamon 2014 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.133 No.-

<P>Through a solid-state reaction method, the Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped MyGdFx (M = Li, Na, K; x = 3, 4, 6; y = 0, 1, 3) system samples have been synthesized by controlling the annealing temperatures and the ratios of raw materials. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescent dynamic decay curves. The experimental results suggest that the LiF is more difficult to react with the prepared material compared that of NaF or KF under similar reaction conditions. The samples crystallized in different crystalline phases. The energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ or Ce3+ to Gd3+ to Tb3+ has been observed in all the samples. The Ce3+ and Tb3+ present different optical properties for they are sensitive to the local environment. In addition, the deduced lifetime of Tb3+ D-5(4) -> F-7(5) transition decreases in the same system samples with the annealing temperature increasing. The deduced lifetime of Tb3+ D-5(4) -> F-7(5) also decreases with the increase of the KF concentration in the KF system samples. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Synthesis and luminescent properties of a novel green-emitting Tb(III) complex and the excellent thermal stability for application

Yuan, C.,Xie, H.,Cai, H.,Chen, C.,Cai, P.,Seo, H.J. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 Optical materials Vol.54 No.-

A green-emitting Tb(III) complex based on siloxane-modified pressure sensitive adhesives (SPSA-Tb(III)) was successfully synthesized by emulsion polymerization. Siloxane-modified pressure sensitive adhesives (SPSA) were used as host materials. The structural coordination, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and luminescence (PL) spectra, and thermal characterization of this luminescent polymer were investigated. The result from the FT-IR spectra reveals that SPSA have successfully coordinated with the Tb(III) ions. The luminescent analysis indicates that SPSA-Tb(III) displays Tb(III) typical emission peaks at 489, 545, 583, and 622nm under the excitation of 369nm. When monitored at 545nm, strong and sharp excitation bands appear from 300 to 500nm. And SPSA-Tb(III) has short lifetime (0.25ms). Meanwhile, SPSA-Tb(III) exhibits high thermal stability (T<SUB>d</SUB>=402<SUP>o</SUP>C) owing to the high bond dissociation energy of Si?O bonds. All the results suggest that it is expected to be used as a superior green-emitting material under high temperature.

One Alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol Improves Growth Performance, Tibia Quality, and Meat Color of Broilers Fed Calcium- and Phosphorus-Deficient Diets

Han, J.C.,Wang, Y.L.,Qu, H.X.,Liang, F.,Zhang, J.L.,Shi, C.X.,Zhang, X.L.,Li, L.,Xie, Q.,Wang, C.L.,Yan, Y.Y.,Dong, X.S.,Cheng, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.2

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of one alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol ($1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$) on growth performance, tibia quality, and skin and meat color in broilers fed calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient corn-soybean meal diets. A total of 288 male Ross broilers, at 21 days of age, were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cages per treatment. Three levels of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ (0, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g$/kg) were added to a basal diet (0.50% Ca, 0.13% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and 0.35% total phosphorus (tP)) without vitamin $D_3$. As a result of this study, the addition of $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ increased body weight gain (p<0.001), feed intake (p = 0.007), feed efficiency (p<0.001), tibia weight (p = 0.002), length (p<0.001), breaking-strength (p = 0.012), ash (p<0.001), Ca (p<0.001), and P content (p = 0.004). Dietary $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ enhanced breast meat yellowness (p = 0.015) and the length and weight of the small intestine of the broilers. Moreover, $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ decreased serum Ca concentration (p = 0.074) and breast meat redness (p = 0.010). These results indicate that the $1{\alpha}$-OH $D_3$ improves growth, tibia quality, and meat color in broilers fed Ca- and P-deficient corn-soybean meal diets.

Factors Affecting the Inosine Monophosphate Content of Muscles in Taihe Silkies Chickens

Chen, G.H.,Li, H.F.,Wu, X.S.,Li, B.C.,Xie, K.Z.,Dai, G.J.,Chen, K.W.,Zhang, X.Y.,Wang, K.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9

In this paper, changes in the concentration of inosine monophosphate (IMP) of muscles in Taihe Silkies chickens from 2 to 28 weeks of age were studied. The results showed that: (1) with increasing age, IMP content of muscles decreased continuously. (2) the relationship between body weight and IMP content of musculus pectoralis major was significantly negative (p<0.01), so was body weight and IMP content of musculus peronaeus, and their coefficients of correlation were -0.45, -0.38 respectively; the relationship between IMP contents of musculus pectoralis major and that of musculus peronaeus was more significantly positive (p<0.01), and its coefficient of correlation was 0.59. (3) by multiple regression analysis, changes of IMP content of muscles depended on the weeks of age and body weight. (4) from 2 to 28 weeks of age, the heritabilities of IMP content of musculus pectoralis major were calculated between 0.33-0.48, and those of musculus peronaeus were calculated between 0.51-0.69.

Aplysia kurodai-derived glycosaminoglycans increase the phagocytic ability of macrophages via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and cytoskeletal reorganization in RAW264.7 cells

Ryu, J.H.,Sung, J.,Xie, C.,Shin, M.K.,Kim, C.W.,Kim, N.G.,Choi, Y.J.,Choi, B.D.,Kang, S.S.,Kang, D. Elsevier 2016 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.27 No.-

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) control a variety of physiological processes, but the roles of GAGs in inflammatory processes are unclear. Compared to mammals, sea hares are safer and good materials for massive production of GAG. This study was performed to identify the role of GAG isolated from the sea hare Aplysia kurodai (A.@?kurodai) in macrophage phagocytosis. Treatment with GAG activated macrophage RAW264.7 cells and increased the phagocytic ability. The GAG-induced activation and phagocytosis of macrophages were reduced with compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Compound C primarily inhibited cellular spreading. In addition, disruption of cytoskeletal reorganization with nocodazole and cytochalasin D reduced the GAG-activated phagocytic ability, cellular spreading, and vacuolization of RAW264.7 cells. These results indicate that GAG increases the phagocytic ability of macrophages via AMPK activation and cytoskeletal reorganization. Our results suggest that A.kurodai-derived GAG may have potential therapeutic agent with immunostimulatory activity.