The Autophagy Protein CsATG8 is Involved in Asexual Development and Virulence in the Pepper Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum scovillei

Lee Kwang Ho,Gumilang Adiyantara,Fu Teng,Kang Sung Wook,Kim Kyoung Su 한국균학회 2022 Mycobiology Vol.50 No.6

Autophagy serves as a survival mechanism and plays important role in nutrient recycling under conditions of starvation, nutrient storage, ad differentiation of plant pathogenic fungi. However, autophagy-related genes have not been investigated in Colletotrichum scovillei,a causal agent of pepper fruit anthracnose disease. ATG8 is involved in autophagosome forma- tion and is considered a marker of autophagy. Therefore, we generated an ATG8 deletion mutant, DCsatg8, via homologous recombination to determine the functional roles of CsATG8 in the development and virulence of C. scovillei. Compared with the wild-type, the deletion mutant DCsatg8 exhibited a severe reduction in conidiation. Conidia produced by DCsatg8 were defective in survival, conidial germination, and appressorium formation. Moreover, conidia of DCsatg8 showed reduced lipid amount and PTS1 selectivity. A virulence assay showed that anthracnose development on pepper fruits was reduced in DCsatg8. Taken together, our results suggest that CsATG8 plays various roles in conidium production and associated development, and virulence in C. scovillei.

A PAS-Containing Histidine Kinase is Required for Conidiation, Appressorium Formation, and Disease Development in the Rice Blast Fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae

( Jong-hwan Shin ),( Adiyantara Gumilang ),( Moon-jong Kim ),( Joon-hee Han ),( Kyoung Su Kim ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.4

Rice blast disease, caused by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most important diseases in rice production. PAS (period circadian protein, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, single-minded protein) domains are known to be involved in signal transduction pathways, but their functional roles have not been well studied in fungi. In this study, targeted gene deletion was carried out to investigate the functional roles of the PAS-containing gene MoPAS1 (MGG_02665) in M. oryzae. The deletion mutant DMopas1 exhibited easily wettable mycelia, reduced conidiation, and defects in appressorium formation and disease development compared to the wild type and complemented transformant. Exogenous cAMP restored appressorium formation in DMopas1, but the shape of the restored appressorium was irregular, indicating that MoPAS1 is involved in sensing the hydrophobic surface. To examine the expression and localization of MoPAS1 in M. oryzae during appressorium development and plant infection, we constructed a MoPAS1:GFP fusion construct. MoPAS1:GFP was observed in conidia and germ tubes at 0 and 2 h post-infection (hpi) on hydrophobic cover slips. By 8 hpi, most of the GFP signal was observed in the appressoria. During invasive growth in host cells, MoPAS1:GFP was found to be fully expressed in not only the appressoria but also invasive hyphae, suggesting that MoPAS may contribute to disease development in host cells. These results expand our knowledge of the roles of PAS-containing regulatory genes in the plant-pathogenic fungus M. oryzae.

Effectiveness of Different Classes of Fungicides on Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Fruit and Vegetables

김준오,신종환,Adiyantara Gumilang,정근,최기영,김경수 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.6

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causinga major problem in the export and post-harvest ofstrawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leadsto resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, itis necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea tovarious classes of fungicide and to determine the effectivenessof different concentrations of commonlyused fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectivenessof six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth anddevelopment of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil,iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine,and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective (EC50< 0.1 μg/ml), and pyrimethanil was the least effective(EC50 = 50 μg/ml), at inhibiting the mycelial growth ofB. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showedrelatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germinationand conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results areuseful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basisfor monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

A Small GTPase RHO2 Plays an Important Role in Pre-infection Development in the Rice Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae

Teng Fu,김준오,한준희,Adiyantara Gumilang,이용환,김경수 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.6

The rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae is a global threat to rice production. Here we characterized RHO2 gene (MGG_02457) that belongs to the Rho GTPase family, using a deletion mutant. This mutant ΔMorho2 exhibited no defects in conidiation and germination but developed only 6% of appressoria in response to a hydrophobic surface when compared to the wild-type progenitor. This result indicates that MoRHO2 plays a role in appressorium development. Furthermore, exogenous cAMP treatment on the mutant led to appressoria that exhibited abnormal morphology on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. These outcomes suggested the involvement of MoRHO2 in cAMP-mediated appressorium development. ΔMorho2 mutation also delayed the development of appressorium-like structures (ALS) at hyphal tips on hydrophobic surface, which were also abnormally shaped. These results suggested that MoRHO2 is involved in morphological development of appressoria and ALS from conidia and hyphae, respectively. As expected, ΔMorho2 mutant was defective in plant penetration, but was still able to cause lesions, albeit at a reduced rate on wounded plants. These results implied that MoRHO2 plays a role in M. oryzae virulence as well.

The Effect of Strategic Leadership and Organization Culture on Business Performance

Munawaroh MUNAWAROH,Budi SANTOSO,Risa Ratna GUMILANG,Deny HIDAYATULLAH,Adam HERMAWAN,Sri MARHANAH,Arie GUNAWAN,Denok SUNARSI,Agus PURWANTO 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.6

Competitive Strategy is defined as the long-term plan of a particular company to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors in the industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of strategic leadership on competitive strategy, motivation on competitive strategy, organization culture on competitive strategy, strategic leadership on business performance, motivation on business performance, organization culture on business performance, and competitive strategy on business performance. The analytical method used in this research is structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine the causal relationship between latent variables contained in structural equations. The analysis tool used is with the help of Smart PLS. The method used in this research is quantitative, and the data collection method is by distributing questionnaires to manufacturing industry employees electronically using a simple random sampling technique. The results of the questionnaire returned were 150 respondents. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that strategic leadership had no significant effect on competitive strategy. strategic leadership has a significant effect on business performance, organizational culture has a significant effect on business performance, organizational culture has a significant effect on competitive strategy. Motivation has a significant effect on competitive strategy, motivation has no significant effect on business performance. The competitive strategy has no significant effect on business performance.

Effectiveness of Different Classes of Fungicides on Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Fruit and Vegetables

Kim, Joon-Oh,Shin, Jong-Hwan,Gumilang, Adiyantara,Chung, Keun,Choi, Ki Young,Kim, Kyoung Su The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.6

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen causing a major problem in the export and post-harvest of strawberries. Inappropriate use of fungicides leads to resistance among fungal pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the sensitivity of B. cinerea to various classes of fungicide and to determine the effectiveness of different concentrations of commonly used fungicides. We thus evaluated the effectiveness of six classes of fungicide in inhibiting the growth and development of this pathogen, namely, fludioxonil, iprodione, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, fenpyrazamine, and boscalid. Fludioxonil was the most effective ($EC_{50}$ < $0.1{\mu}g/ml$), and pyrimethanil was the least effective ($EC_{50}=50{\mu}g/ml$), at inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea. Fenpyrazamine and pyrimethanil showed relatively low effectiveness in inhibiting the germination and conidial production of B. cinerea. Our results are useful for the management of B. cinerea and as a basis for monitoring the sensitivity of B. cinerea strains to fungicides.

A Small GTPase RHO2 Plays an Important Role in Pre-infection Development in the Rice Blast Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae

Fu, Teng,Kim, Joon-Oh,Han, Joon-Hee,Gumilang, Adiyantara,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Kyoung Su The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.6

The rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae is a global threat to rice production. Here we characterized RHO2 gene (MGG_02457) that belongs to the Rho GTPase family, using a deletion mutant. This mutant ${\Delta}Morho2$ exhibited no defects in conidiation and germination but developed only 6% of appressoria in response to a hydrophobic surface when compared to the wild-type progenitor. This result indicates that MoRHO2 plays a role in appressorium development. Furthermore, exogenous cAMP treatment on the mutant led to appressoria that exhibited abnormal morphology on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. These outcomes suggested the involvement of MoRHO2 in cAMP-mediated appressorium development. ${\Delta}Morho2$ mutation also delayed the development of appressorium-like structures (ALS) at hyphal tips on hydrophobic surface, which were also abnormally shaped. These results suggested that MoRHO2 is involved in morphological development of appressoria and ALS from conidia and hyphae, respectively. As expected, ${\Delta}Morho2$ mutant was defective in plant penetration, but was still able to cause lesions, albeit at a reduced rate on wounded plants. These results implied that MoRHO2 plays a role in M. oryzae virulence as well.

Termite Resistance of The Less Known Tropical Woods Species Grown in West Java, Indonesia1

Fauzi Febrianto,Andi Zaim Pranata,Dea Septiana,Arinana,Adiyantara Gumilang,Wahyu Hidayat,Jae Hyuk Jang,Seung Hwan Lee,Won Joung Hwang,Nam Hun Kim 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.2

This research focused on the natural durability of twenty one lesser known tropical wood species planted in West Java, Indonesia against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus). It was observed that both heartwood and sapwood of Kiara payung (Filicium decipiens); heartwoods of Nangka (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla) and Simpur (Dillenia grandifolia); and sapwood of Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa) were rated as resistant (natural durability classⅡ) according to Indonesian standard SNI 01.7207.2006 (BSN 2006). Both heartwood and sapwood of Salam (Syzigium polyanthum), Pasang (Lithocarpus sundaicus), Bisbul (Diospyros discolor), Rukam (Flacourtia rukam) and Trembesi (Samanea saman); heartwood of Puspa (Schima walichii), Bungur, Tanjung (Mimusops elangi) and Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) were rated as moderately resistant (natural durability classⅢ). Both heartwood and sapwood of Sungkai (Peronema canescens), Pine (Pinus merkusii), Mangium (Acacia mangium) and Afrika (Maesopsis eminii); sapwoods of Mahoni, Puspa and Tanjung were rated as poorly resistant (natural durability class Ⅳ). Both heartwood and sapwood of Agathis (Agathis dammara), Durian (Durio zibethinus), Ki sampang (Evodia latifolia) and Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba); sapwoods of Nangka and Angsana were rated as very poorly resistant (natural durability class Ⅴ). This reserach showed that woods with lower resistance against C. curvignathus attack (natural durability class Ⅳ and Ⅴ) tend to have lower termite mortality values compared to woods with higher resistance against C. curvignathus attack (natural durability class Ⅱ and Ⅲ). Results of the study will provide some valuable information on termite resistance of twenty one lesser known tropical wood species planted in Indonesia.

P-82 : Natural Durability of Some Indonesia Fast Growing Tree and Promoting Species Grown in West Java Indonesia

( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Andi Z Pranata ),( Dea Septiana ),( Arinana ),( Adiyantara Gumilang ),( Jae Hyuk Jang ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 韓國木材工學會 2015 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-