FACTORS AFFECTING AGE STRUCTURES AND GENETIC RESPONSES TO TRUNCATION SELECTION SCHEMES IN A POPULATION WITH OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS

Ghaffar, A.,Shimizu, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.4

Four truncation selection schemes (SSs) were framed to predict and compare the age structures and genetic responses under the influence of various factor employing the scheme-specific algorithms. Two paths of selection, sires (bulls' sires) and dams (bulls' dams) to breed young bulls were considered. Among variable factors, four levels (0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) of precision of evaluation, five levels (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 genetic standard deviation) of genetic differences among age classes and 4 levels of proportions selected (for bulls' sire, 0.05, 0.10, 0.125, 0.25, and for bulls' dams 0.02, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.10) contemplated on both paths of selection. The number of age classes for bulls' dams and bulls' sires were 4 or 8 and 2 or 4, respectively. The stayability across age classes for bulls' dams was assumed to be 0.80 or 0.60. The candidates for selection for bulls' sires were equally distributed (0.5 or 0.25) across the age classes. The SS1 (selection on same proportions as candidates' distribution) revealed longest generation lengths and lowest yearly genetic responses. The average ages were youngest and yearly genetic responses were highest in SS4 (selection at each age-specific truncation point with the same average genetic superiority of selected parents across the ages) and followed by SS3 (selection at each agespecific truncation point with same predicted genetic values) and SS2 (selection at common truncation point on phenotypic values) in a population with overlapping generations. The results revealed the importance of choosing suitable selection scheme to acquire maximum yearly genetic responses especially when the genetic differences among age classes are large and the precision of evaluation is relatively low.

The role of service quality in enhancing brand authenticity through the moderation effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Abdul Ghaffar,Tahir Islam,Tomas Kincl,Abdul Hakeem,Anshuman Sharma 한국마케팅과학회 2023 마케팅과학연구 Vol.33 No.3

This paper aims to examine the impact of service quality and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on brand authenticity and determine the moderating effects of CSR on the relationship between service quality and brand authenticity. Survey data was collected from 472 customers of Karachi, Pakistan’s four major medical diagnostic laboratories, through the convenience sampling technique. The quantitative method was used. To collect information from respondents, a self-administered questionnaire is used. We utilized the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique to analyze data. The results show that CSR, service quality, and brand authenticity are related in medical diagnostic and research laboratories. Research findings indicate that service quality and CSR directly and positively impact brand authenticity. In addition, CSR moderates the effect between service quality and brand authenticity. Managers can see corporate social responsibility as an intangible value that goes along with high-quality services and makes medical diagnostic and research laboratory services more authentic.

Clove and Its Active Compound Attenuate Free Fatty Acid-Mediated Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle Cells and in Mice

Safina Ghaffar,Shabbir Khan Afridi,Meha Fatima Aftab,Munazza Murtaza,Rahman M. Hafizur,Sara Sara,Sabira Begum,Rizwana Sanaullah Waraich 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.4

Several reports indicate anti-hyperglycemic effects of Syzygium aromaticum. In the present study, we report for the first time that clove extract (SAM) and its compound nigricin (NGC) decreases free fatty acid-mediated insulin resistance in mouse myoblasts. In addition, NGC was able to diminish insulin resistance in a diabetic mouse model. We observed that SAM and its compound NGC exhibited significant antioxidant activity in murine skeletal muscle cells. They also modulated stress signaling by reducing p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation. NGC and SAM treatments enhanced proximal insulin signaling by decreasing serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and increasing its tyrosine phosphorylation. SAM and NGC treatments also modified distal insulin signaling by enhancing protein kinase B (PKB) and glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3 beta) phosphorylation in muscle cells. Glucose uptake was enhanced in muscle cells after treatment with SAM and NGC. We observed increased glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, decreased insulin resistance, and increased beta cell function in diabetic mice treated with NGC. The results of our study demonstrate that clove extract and its active agent NGC can be potential therapeutic agents for alleviating insulin resistance.

Transient expression of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase epitopes of Newcastle disease virus in maize as a potent candidate vaccine

Amir Ghaffar Shahriari,Ali Niazi,Maziar Habibi-Pirkoohi 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.3

Purpose: Newcastle disease (ND) represents a major viral disease across the world which imposes high costs to poultry producers for vaccination. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins are the major immunogenic epitopes of Newcastle disease virus and hence, have been the main targets for development of anti-ND vaccines. This paper reports transient expression of a synthetic gene composing of four tandem repeats of HN and three tandem repeats of F epitopes in maize leaves as initial step toward production of recombinant vaccine against ND. Materials and Methods: The synthetic gene was cloned in pBI121 plasmid to yield an expression vector. The vector was sophisticated by the addition of AUG codon, polyhistidine-tag, tobacco mosaic virus omega sequence, stop codon, and restriction sites. Leaf transformation was conducted by the agroinfiltration method. Molecular detection assays including polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were carried out to evaluate transgene expression in infiltrated leaves of the corn plant. Results: The result obtained in this research revealed that the transgene was transcribed and translated in maize leaves only 48 hours after infiltration. In the second phase of the experiment, the expressed protein was injected into rabbits. The result of the ELISA assay indicated induction of immune response in the rabbits after injection with the heterologous protein. Conclusion: These results confirm the feasibility of agroinfiltration for transient gene expression of viral epitopes in monocot plants which naturally resist stable transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Practical implications of this finding are discussed in detail and some recommendations for future studies are proposed.

New fossil remains of family Cervidae from the Dhok Pathan Formation (Middle Siwaliks) of Pakistan

Abdul Ghaffar,Muhammad Akhtar,Muhammad Akbar Khan,Muhammad Khaled Siddiq 한국지질과학협의회 2015 Geosciences Journal Vol.19 No.4

Five mandibular fragments from the Early Pliocene of Dhok Pathan and Hasnot (Middle Siwaliks) are described and discussed. Detailed comparison of the studied material with already known and described species of family Cervidae from the Siwaliks allow us to refer this material to genus Rucervus and species Rucervus cf. simplicidens. The material described here also extends the stratigraphic range of this genus from Upper Siwaliks to Middle Siwaliks. The fossil material described from the Early Pliocene, is thus important to indicate the older stratigraphic range as described earlier from the Siwalik continental deposits.

문학적 명성

Al-Ghaffar 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2006 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.10 No.2

A poet is created by many elements such as hard work, intelligence, heart, soul and persistence. A poet's reputation depends upon these as well as advertising and sales skills and getting through the readers who count. In this article, I tried to find out what makes a good reputation for a poet, so I started to analyze many elements around the poet / poetry, based on socio-literature, with questions such as: who is the poet? When did he/she start to write? And how long did he/she keep on writing? What is the relationship between him/her and the readers on one hand, and the critics on the other hand? What is the real effect that criticism can have on the poet's history (for or against him)? What is the value of a poem? And does this value last forever or not? How does a poet publish his/her poems? What is the main role of good literary tricks, or devices, and can these play to achieve a good reputation for a poet? What is the literary atmosphere surrounding the poet? What way do the editors use to introduce a poet or a poem? Through these questions and many others, and after giving many examples from different cultures, I tried to touch the secret box of literary reputation. Sometimes, I felt as if I had really found out this secret, some other times I felt the opposite. Nevertheless, this was a fulfilling work trying to approach the heavens of poetry.

The Literary Reputation

( Al Ghaffar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2006 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.10 No.2

A poet is created by many elements such as hard work, intelligence, heart, soul and persistence. A poet`s reputation depends upon these as well as advertising and sales skills and getting through the readers who count. In this article, I tried to find out what makes a good reputation for a poet, so I started to analyze many elements around the poet / poetry, based on socio-literature, with questions such as: who is the poet? When did he/she start to write? And how long did he/she keep on writing? What is the relationship between him/her and the readers on one hand, and the critics on the other hand? What is the real effect that criticism can have on the poet`s history (for or against him)? What is the value of a poem? And does this value last forever or not? How does a poet publish his/her poems? What is the main role of good literary tricks, or devices, and can these play to achieve a good reputation for a poet? What is the literary atmosphere surrounding the poet? What way do the editors use to introduce a poet or a poem? Through these questions and many others, and after giving many examples from different cultures, I tried to touch the secret box of literary reputation. Sometimes, I felt as if I had really found out this secret, some other times I felt the opposite. Nevertheless, this was a fulfilling work trying to approach the heavens of poetry.

A study on the effects of thermal treatments and gamma rays irradiation on expired “Helixone” membranes

Abdul Ghaffar Al Lafi,Hiba Dada,Hamdi Harmalani 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.9

Polysulfones (PSF) are specialty thermoplastics that are commonly used in dialysis membranes production. In the present work, the effects of γ-rays irradiation and thermal treatments on the expired PSF dialysis membranes (Helixone) were investigated with the purpose of reusing them. Irradiation below 35 kGy or thermal treatments at temperatures below 150 °C were proven not to affect the essential characteristics of the membranes, but chemical as well as morphological changes start to appear at a dose of 35 kGy as well as at a treatment temperature above 150 °C. Structural analysis of the membranes before and after treatments indicated that two mechanisms could be suggested for membranes properties deterioration. Oxidation of the polymer was the main mechanism on irradiation treatment, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) degradation and elution were more pronounced in thermal treatments. Both type of treatments at moderate conditions improved the hydrophilicity and water uptake of the membranes but these properties progressively deteriorate at irradiation dose of 35 kGy and at treatment temperature above 150 °C. A method of reactivating expired Helixone was suggested by reloading of PVP followed by treatments in buffer solution at pH = 7.2 for 12 h. This was shown to decrease the PVP elution by 10% in comparison with the un-treated membrane.

Women`s writing A comparative study of a number of Arab and Korean Writers` testimonies

( Abdu Al Ghaffar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2013 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.17 No.1

The following is a research / study that deals with two main concepts ;women and creativity. Starting with creativity, in terms of poetic language, is the ability to combine or entwine both words and feelings together, so that the meanings and pictures of poems would reflect a kind of silent meditation. Woman is mother and sister , the beloved wife and daughter. She`s been man`s partner since the beginning of creation , to the day of judgment. She was created from Adam " s rib, so as to be a part of him, in a subliminal clear message that may not be understood by lots of men up to this moment. Women is Adam`s partner in the sin that drove them both out of paradise. Yet, she was to be blamed alone, bear, alone, the burden of that sin in the memory of humanity. This blame was to be transferred to the rest of woman Even in stories, religious beliefs, fairy tales and legends. Time and material of the study. The study includes/ shows different viewpoints of a number of Arab and south Korean female writers on "women`s writings", based on the following questionnaire: Firstly, introduce yourself, your publications, and send sample texts from your own writings. Secondly, what do you write about? what does writing mean to you as a woman? whether you write a novel or a short story? Thirdly, what do you seek/aim at when you write? Do you deal with daily life problems the same as man does or differently? do you select special topics/day life problems to deal with when you write? Does your selection differ from that of a man`s? Fourthly, what do you think of feminism? Do you believe that woman`s writing is really different from man`s ? In what aspect is it different? If there are any differences , how could you explain them? meaning: are there any special differences of a woman`s writing that make it different from that of man`s? Fifthly, and finally, you do have freedom to write as much as you could about women`s writings in comparison with men`s writings. This study compares ,on one side, the answers of female writers of the same culture, so as to compare the main points of these answers between Arab and south Korean female writers on the other side. To achieve this goal, the study/comparison depends on literary theories, such as, sociology literature, psychology literature, comparative literature and poetic text analysis. Results - On terms of creative writing, there are basic biological and psychological features that cause the difference between man and woman. This study clarifies those features in the statements/ testimonies of some creative female writers. - Some writers believe that male and female creators are "humans" ,thus, they deal with the same issues with similar angles and view points, yet, following varied/ different approaches. Of course as well as what is being concentrated upon or marginalized - This last point was confirmed by poetess kang hee Jane , according to both, her nature as a female and personal experience with writing, she had to choose particular aspects when dealing with the same subjects/issues that man deals with. - Woman`s writing is a kind of resistance", this was expressed and embodied in the statement of "Kim seng" who said that writing poetry is a kind of rejection of this world who framed woman as a consumer material, as Rabab Kassab mentioned " women`s literature reflects smooth resistance" To conclude, according to female writers statements in the above mentioned questionnaire, there wasn`t much difference in literary writings between Arab and Korean female writers, the clear big difference was about the kind of freedom on choosing subjects of writing and the ways of expressing it for Korean writers women.

The artistic features of "place" :A comparative Literary study between "New statements about Al Basous`s war" by the Egyptian poet Amal Donqul and "Abiding places" by the Korean poet Ku Un

( Mahmoud Abdul Ghaffar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2010 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.14 No.1

This comparative study will look at the poetic works of Egyptian Poet Amal Donqul and Korean poet Ku Un. The study will focus on defining and addressing the importance of home, the space which the poets believe is ideal for growth of human expression and peace, and resistance, the rejection of prevailing conditions or ideas that the poets feel do not create an acceptable reality for his home. The principal focus of the comparison is between the two voices of resistance the poets choose; the first is a brave and indignant younger man, the second is an older, contemplative philosopher. These two voice used to express resistance will have a clear impact on the modalities of art in the poetic text of each writer. An important requirement of this study is to shed light on home and the methods employed in the technical literature of the writers. The study will then comparatively address the object lessons found in the meaning of the writers on one hand, while, on the other hand, looking at the main technical characteristics of the poets using analysis models of poetry. This will be concluded by a greater understanding of these poets` viewpoints on life and their value to their respective culture, Arab and Korean. Most important results of the study: on a personal level ; When we look at the main traits of both poets, clear concepts can be identified. There is a national political consciousness that does not accept appeasement and refuses to surrender, reverence for poetry as joy embezzler who gives life meaning, daring himself to write, and courage as the maximum expression of opinion or behavior, regardless of the obstacles. Both also have the ability to predict the future. They prefer expression of the concerns and dreams of the nation at large, which have sympathized with them, speaking the truth whatever it cost. Through anaylsis of their texts` we have found: -Donqul mainly depended on narration, but the text did not derive solely from the traditional employment of the story, it was also structured on the basis of the talk show, the same thing appeared in the anthology of Ku Un. One difference between them was that the narrator with Donqul seems to be knowledgeable, while he does not seem to be quite so educated in Ku Un. -Contemporary Ku Un`s poems all are one poem, despite the diversity of all the poems and plays tunes unity between the two halves of Korea, The anthology of Amal Donqul is already one poem to recite unity and urges to uphold dignity, justice and homeland.