DIDA´CTICA DEL ESPAN~OL COMO SEGUNDA LENGUA

GO´MEZ, EVA 덕성여자대학교 인문과학연구소 1996 인문과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

본 논문은 오늘날까지 현 세기에 사용되어 왔던 언어 교육의 방법들을 정리하고자 한다. 특히 각 방법의 목적과 문제점들을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, 수업에 상호 작용을 제약하는 요소들에 관해 얘기하고자 한다. 이 요소들을 다음과 같이 나눌 수 있다: 내용 소개가 바로 그것이다. 주제가 "스페인어 교육"이더라도 이 논문의 내용은 어떤 언어 교육에 적용될 수 있다. 그 이유는 현재까지 적용되어온 방법들은 언어에 상관없이 똑같이 때문이다. 본인은 이 논문이 모든 제2외국어 교육에 도움과 방향을 제시해 줄 것을 기대한다.

Effect of acid treatment on extraction yield and gel strength of gelatin from whiptail stingray (Dasyatis brevis) skin

Marco Antonio Sa´ntiz-Go´mez,Miguel Angel Mazorra-Manzano,Hugo Enrique Ramı´rez-Guerra,Susana Marı´a Scheuren-Acevedo,Gerardo Navarro-Garcı´a,Ramo´n Pacheco-Aguilar,Juan Carlos Ramı´rez-Sua´rez 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.3

Chemical properties of fish gelatins differ fromthose of conventional mammalian sources, representing anattractive technological alternative for the food industry. Ray filleting generates a considerable amount of skin wastethat can be used as a collagen source for gelatin extraction. Thus, this research evaluated the HCl and CH3COOHeffect, at 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 M, onextraction yield, molecular weight distribution, and gelstrength (GS) of whiptail stingray (Dasyatis brevis) skingelatins. Results showed differences (P\0.05) betweenacid type and concentration used. CH3COOH (0.15 M)gave the highest extraction yield (7.0% vs. 5.5% at 0.15 MHCl) and GS (653 ± 71 g vs. 619.5 ± 82 g at 0.2 M HCl). Gelatin electrophoretic profile from CH3COOH revealeda-/b-components and high molecular weight ([200 kDa)polymers. Ray gelatin GS was higher than commercialbovine gelatin, suggesting its possible use for technologicalfood applications.

Cobalt Electrolyte/Dye Interactions in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study

Mosconi, Edoardo,Yum, Jun-Ho,Kessler, Florian,Gó,mez Garcí,a, Carlos J.,Zuccaccia, Cristiano,Cinti, Antonio,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Grä,tzel, Michael,De Angelis, Filippo American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.134 No.47

<P>We report a combined experimental and computational investigation to understand the nature of the interactions between cobalt redox mediators and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surfaces sensitized by ruthenium and organic dyes, and their impact on the performance of the corresponding dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We focus on different ruthenium dyes and fully organic dyes, to understand the dramatic loss of efficiency observed for the prototype Ru(II) N719 dye in conjunction with cobalt electrolytes. Both N719- and Z907-based DSSCs showed an increased lifetime in iodine-based electrolyte compared to the cobalt-based redox shuttle, while the organic D21L6 and D25L6 dyes, endowed with long alkoxy chains, show no significant change in the electron lifetime regardless of employed electrolyte and deliver a high photovoltaic efficiency of 6.5% with a cobalt electrolyte. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show the formation of a complex between the cobalt electrolyte and the surface-adsorbed ruthenium dye, which brings the [Co(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>3+</SUP> species into contact with the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface. This translates into a high probability of intercepting TiO<SUB>2</SUB>-injected electrons by the oxidized [Co(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>]<SUP>3+</SUP> species, lying close to the N719-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface. Investigation of the dye regeneration mechanism by the cobalt electrolyte in the Marcus theory framework led to substantially different reorganization energies for the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) reaction pathways. Our calculated reorganization energies for the LS pathways are in excellent agreement with recent data for a series of cobalt complexes, lending support to the proposed regeneration pathway. Finally, we systematically investigate a series of Co(II)/Co(III) complexes to gauge the impact of ligand substitution and of metal coordination (tris-bidentate vs bis-tridentate) on the HS/LS energy difference and reorganization energies. Our results allow us to trace structure/property relations required for further development of cobalt electrolytes for DSSCs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2012/jacsat.2012.134.issue-47/ja3079016/production/images/medium/ja-2012-079016_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja3079016'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Concentration-Dependent Photoredox Conversion of As(III)/As(V) on Illuminated Titanium Dioxide Electrodes

Monllor-Satoca, Damiá,n,Gó,mez, Roberto,Choi, Wonyong American Chemical Society 2012 Environmental science & technology Vol.46 No.10

<P>The photoconversion of As(III) (arsenite) and As(V) (arsenate) over a mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> electrode was investigated in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for a wide range of concentrations (μM–mM), under nonbiased (open-circuit potential measurements) and biased (short-circuit current measurements) conditions. Not only As(III) can be oxidized, but also As(V) can be reduced in the anoxic condition under UV irradiation. However, the reversible nature of As(III)/As(V) photoconversion was not observed in the normal air-equilibrated condition because the dissolved O<SUB>2</SUB> is far more efficient as an electron acceptor than As(V). Although As(III) should be oxidized by holes, its presence did not increase the photooxidation current in a monotonous way: the photocurrent was reduced by the presence of As(III) in the micromolar range but enhanced in the millimolar range. This abnormal concentration-dependent behavior is related with the fate of the intermediate As(IV) species which can be either oxidized or reduced depending on the experimental conditions, combined with surface deactivation for the water photooxidation process. The lowering of the photooxidation current in the presence of micromolar As(III) is ascribed to the role of As(IV) as a charge recombination center. Being an electron acceptor, the addition of As(V) consistently lowers the photocurrent in the entire concentration range. A global concentration-dependent mechanism is proposed accounting for all the PEC results and its relation with the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism is discussed.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2012/esthag.2012.46.issue-10/es203922g/production/images/medium/es-2011-03922g_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es203922g'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Characterization of carbon dioxide capture by glucosamine: Liquid phase speciation and degradation

Alicia Garcı´a-Abuı´n,Diego Go´ mez-Dı´az,Jose´ M. Navaza 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Carbon dioxide capture by chemical absorption can be improved attending to the reaction mechanism due to the different stoichiometry shown by the most important reactions (mainly production of bicarbonate/carbonate ion, and carbamate) involved in the process. The weight of each reaction upon the carbon dioxide absorption determines the loading value and the rate of amine consumption which can influence upon reaction rate. On the other hand, the degradation rate of amines during the regeneration step can play a very important role in carbon dioxide separation process increasing the amount of amine make-up flow-rate.

Antioxidant and Antiaging Effects of Licorice on the Caenorhabditis elegans Model

Ines Reigada,Cristina Moliner,Marta Sofıa Valero,David Weinkove,Elisa Langa,Carlota Go´mez Rincon 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.1

The causative relationship between oxidative stress and aging remains controversial, but it is a fact that many of the pathologies of age-related diseases are associated with oxidative stress. Phytochemicals may reduce damage from oxidative stress; the intake of these through diet could represent a strategy to lessen their pathological consequences. The popular and widely consumed licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a rich source of potential antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether licorice increases the oxidative stress resistance and lifespan of the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Licorice roots ethanolic extract showed in vitro antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 51.17 μg/mL using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as free radical. C. elegans pretreated with licorice showed an increase of survival rate when exposed to the oxidant juglone, being this increase up to ∼33.56%. This pretreated population also showed an increase in lifespan of 14.28% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In conclusion, we suggest that licorice has a high antioxidant capability both in vitro and in vivo and that this activity may explain the observed extension of lifespan.

Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous Extract from Calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa in CD-1 Mice Infected with Multidrug-Resistant Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium

Lizbeth Anahı´ Portillo-Torres,Aurea Bernardino-Nicanor,Jose´ Mercado-Monroy,Carlos Alberto Go´mez-Aldapa,Leopoldo Gonza´lez-Cruz,Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas,Javier Castro-Rosas 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.9

To determinate the antimicrobial effect of chloramphenicol and aqueous extract against multidrug-resistant enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in CD-1 mice. Aqueous extract was isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of chloramphenicol and aqueous extract were determined for EHEC and S. Typhimurium. Nine groups of six mice each were formed. Three groups were inoculated orally with 1 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. Typhimurium, three groups were inoculated with 1 × 104 CFU of EHEC and the remaining three groups were not inoculated. Six hours postinoculation, the mice of some groups were orally administered solutions of aqueous extract (50 mg/mL), chloramphenicol (82 μg/mL), or isotonic saline. The EHEC and S. Typhimurium concentration in all mice feces was determined. For both pathogens, the MIC and MBC values of aqueous extract were 20 y 50 mg/mL, respectively; for chloramphenicol, they were between 17.5 and 82 μg/mL. EHEC and S. Typhimurium were not detected in the feces of mice that were administered aqueous extract on the 2nd and 3rd days posttreatment. Furthermore, these mice recovered from the infection. In contrast, in mice not treated, or treated with chloramphenicol alone, pathogens were isolated from their feces throughout the study, and some mice died. The H. sabdariffa calyx extracts could be an alternative to control multidrug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals.

Effect of Long-Term Intake of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on Metabolic Health and Cognition in Adult Male Rats

Emmanuel Iva´n Morales-Rı´os,Jazmı´n Garcı´a-Machorro,Alfredo Briones-Aranda,Raquel Go´mez-Pliego,Judith Espinosa-Raya 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.11

This study evaluated the effects of long-term intake of nutritive sweeteners (NSs) and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) on body weight, food and energy intake, blood pressure, metabolic parameters, and memory retention in rats. Sixty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10 per group): control (water),10% sucrose (SUC), aspartame (ASP), sucralose (SCA), stevia (STV), and 5% xylitol (XYL). Pure NSs (SUC and XYL) and NNSs were added to the drinking water for 18 weeks. ASP, SCA, and STV dosage was based on the estimated daily intake limit: 4.1, 2.0, and 3.4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Chronic access to NNSs did not result in any difference in total weight gain of the rats, while it was significantly elevated in the SUC group compared with the control and NNSs groups. Food intake was significantly lower in all NNSs groups compared with SUC and control groups. Sweetened beverage intake volumes were significantly diminished in all NNSs groups compared with intake in SUC and control groups. Total calories consumed were lower for the STV and XYL groups compared with all other groups. Blood pressure and glucose metabolism did not differ significantly between the groups. All sweeteners increased total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels. Short-term memory was significantly impaired in the ASP group in the novel object recognition task, while long-term memory was impaired in SUC and STV groups. These metabolic and behavioral results suggest that the long-term intake of NSs or NNSs can be associated with peripheral and central effects.

Positive inotropic activity induced by a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative in isolated rat heart model

L. Figueroa-Valverde,F. Dı´az-Cedillo,E. Garcı´a-Cervera,E. Pool Go´mez,M. Lo´pez-Ramos,M. Rosas-Nexticapa,R. Martinez-Camacho 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.10

Experimental studies indicate that some steroidderivatives have inotropic activity; nevertheless, there isscarce information about the effects of the dehydroisoandrosteroneand its derivatives at cardiovascular level. Inaddition, to date the cellular site and mechanism of actionof dehydroisoandrosterone at cardiovascular level is veryconfusing. In order, to clarify those phenomena in this study,a dehydroisoandrosterone derivative was synthesized withthe objective of to evaluate its activity on perfusion pressureand coronary resistance and compare this phenomenon withthe effect exerted by dehydroisoandrosterone. The Langendorfftechnique was used to measure changes on perfusionpressure and coronary resistance in an isolated rat heartmodel in absence or presence of dehydroisoandrosterone andits derivative. Additionally, to characterize the molecularmechanism involved in the inotropic activity induced bydehydroisoandrosterone derivative was evaluated by measuringleft ventricular pressure in absence or presence offollowing compounds; flutamide, prazosin, metoprolol andnifedipine. The results showed that dehydroisoandrosteronederivative significantly increased the perfusion pressure andcoronary resistance in comparison with the control conditionsand dehydroisoandrosterone. Additionally, other dataindicate that dehydroisoandrosterone derivative increase leftventricular pressure in a dose-dependent manner [1 9 10-9–1 9 10-4 mmol]; nevertheless, this phenomenon was significantlyinhibited by nifedipine at a dose of 1 9 10-6mmol. In conclusion, these data suggest that dehydroisoandrosteronederivative induces positive inotropic activitythrough of activation the L-type calcium channel.

Characterization of MIPA and DIPA aqueous solutions in relation to absorption, speciation and degradation

A.B. Lo´ pez,M.D. La Rubia,J.M. Navaza,R. Pacheco,D. Go´ mez-Dı´az 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

The carbon dioxide absorption process by 1-amino-2-propanol (MIPA) and bis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine(DIPA) aqueous solutions in bubble column reactor have been studied considering the influence of liquidphase physical properties and the amine group substitution on the overall process. Themain objective ofthis work was to establish the carbon dioxide capture reaction mechanism for these systems, and then toobtain the predominant stoichiometry to calculate the mass transfer coefficient. NMR technique wasused to determine the species present in the liquid phase during the absorption process and to confirmthe reaction mechanism. The degradation of these amines was also evaluated.