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Fukasawa, Toichi,Mukai, Keiichi The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2014 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.6 No.2
The effects of hull-girder vibration on the fatigue strength of a Post-Panamax container ship are discussed in the present paper. Firstly, the short-term sea states are categorized according to the occurrence probability of each sea state. Time histories of hull-girder stress in short-term sea states are calculated by means of a nonlinear simulation code of ship response assuming that the hull-girder is rigid and flexible. Then, the calculated stress peaks are processed by the rainflow counting method, where two different counting procedures are used based on the considerations of crack propagation behaviors. Finally, the fatigue damage in life time of the ship in each categorized short-term sea state is estimated by means of Miner's rule. Based on the calculated results, the effects of hull-girder vibrations on the fatigue damage are clarified by disaggregated damage from short-term sea state.
Toichi Fukasawa,Keiichi Mukai 대한조선학회 2014 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.6 No.2
The effects of hull-girder vibration on the fatigue strength of a Post-Panamax container ship are dis-cussed in the present paper. Firstly, the short-term sea states are categorized according to the occurrence probability of each sea state. Time histories of hull-girder stress in short-term sea states are calculated by means of a nonlinear si-mulation code of ship response assuming that the hull-girder is rigid and flexible. Then, the calculated stress peaks are processed by the rainflow counting method, where two different counting procedures are used based on the considera-tions of crack propagation behaviors. Finally, the fatigue damage in life time of the ship in each categorized short-term sea state is estimated by means of Miner’s rule. Based on the calculated results, the effects of hull-girder vibrations on the fatigue damage are clarified by disaggregated damage from short-term sea state.
The change of sleeping and lying posture of Japanese black cows after moving into new environment
Michiru Fukasawa,Tokushi Komatsu,Yumi Higashiyama 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.11
Objective: Environmental change is one of the stressful events in livestock production. Change in environment disturbs cow behavior and cows require several days to regain a stable behavioral pattern. Sleeping posture (SP) and lying posture (LP) have been used as indicators for animal that are relaxed and well-acclimated to their environment. The aim of this study was to examine the time required by Japanese black cows for stabilization of SP and LP after moving into new environment. Methods: Seven pregnant Japanese black cows were used. Cows were moved into new tie-stall shed and their sleeping and lying posture measured 17 times during 35 experimental days. Both SP and LP were detected by accelerometer fixed on middle occipital and hip-cross, respectively. Daily total time, frequency, and average bout of both SP and LP were calculated. Results: Daily SP time was the shortest on day 1 and increased to the highest on day 3. It then decreased until day 9, after that stabilized about 65 min/d till the end of experiment. Daily LP time changed in same manner as daily SP time. The average SP bout was the longest on day 1, and then decreased to stable level on day 7. On the other hand, the average LP bout was the shortest on day 1, and it increased to stable level on day 7. Conclusion: These results showed that pregnant Japanese black cows needed 1 week to stabilize their SP. However, there were different change patterns between the average SP and LP bout, even though the change pattern of daily SP and LP time were similar.
Wada, Satoko,Fukasawa, Michiru,Chiba, Takashi,Shishido, Tetsuro,Tozawa, Akitsu,Ogura, Shin-ichiro Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.10
Objective: Stroking calves during the postnatal period could effectively improve human-calf relationships. The objective of this study is to examine how daily calf stroking frequency during the postnatal period affects the establishment of human-calf relationships. Methods: Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 6 minutes once daily for 5 days after birth (D1). Six calves were stroked by a trainer for 3 minutes twice daily for 5 days after birth (D2). A further four calves were stared at but not stroked as the control group. The overall stroking or staring duration was the same for all groups, at 6 min/d and 30 min over 5 days. The tests for reactions to the stationary trainer in an unfamiliar environment and avoidance distance measurements for an approaching trainer were conducted at 1 month and 3 months after the treatment. Results: Calves in both stroking groups approached significantly closer to the stationary trainer, vocalized less, and looked at the trainer shorter than the control group at 1 month. However, at 3 months, there was no significant difference between the D1 and the control group, whereas the D2 approached significantly closer to the trainer and vocalized less, and looked at the trainer for a shorter time than the control group. For the avoidance distance, the trainer could approach closer to both stroking groups than the control at 1 month, however, there was no difference among groups at 3 months. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the difference in the calf stroking procedure affected the established human-calf relationships, even though the total stroking duration was the same for all stroked calves. It is likely to be more effective to stroke more frequently than intensively when the aim is to establish better human-calf relationships within limited labor time.
Mitsuru UESAKA,Atsushi FUKASAWA,Fumito SAKAMOTO,Haruyuki OGINO,Junji URAKAWA,Katsuhiro DOBASHI,Kazutaka TAKAO,Mitsuo AKEMOTO,Tomohiko YAMAMOTO,Toshinobu MIYOSHI,Toshiyasu HIGO 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.1
A Compton scattering X-ray source consisting of an X-band (11.424 GHz) electron linear accelerator (linac) and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is currently under construction. Monochromatic hard X-rays are required for a variety of medical and biological applications. The new hard X-ray source produces monochromatic X-rays via collision between a 35-MeV multi-bunch (104 bunches in a 1 μs RF pulse) electron beam and 1.4 J/10 ns (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser beam. The linac uses an X-band 3.5-cell thermionic cathode RF gun and an alpha magnet as an injector. The thermionic cathode RF gun is the first of its kind and can generate a high current (2 μA) and a multi-bunch 2-MeV electron beam. To increase the efficiency of the X-ray yield, a laser pulse circulation system is adopted, that can increase the X-ray intensity by up to 50 times. This scheme can produce monochromatic tunable X-rays (10 40 keV) with intensities of 108 109 photons/sec. In addition, the X-ray energy can be changed rapidly over 40 ms by two different wavelength lasers (YAG fundamental (1064 nm), 2nd harmonic (532 nm)) and an optical switch. This quick energy change is very important for living specimens and is very difficult to achieve in light sources such as a large SR (Synchrotron Radiation) source. The system can be used for dual-energy X-ray CT and subtraction X-ray CT to determine the 3D distribution of the atomic number density and electron density, and specified atomic distribution, respectively. In this paper, we describe the details of the system, report on experiments on the X-band thermionic cathode RF gun, and discuss applications of monochromatic X-rays.?
Dan Shen,Kakihara Hidetoshi,Fukasawa Michiru 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.11
Objective: Resting comfort may influence sleep-related lying postures in cattle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of bed cleanliness on tucked (TSP) and extended (ESP) head positions in sleep-related lying postures. Methods: The study was conducted over two experimental periods. In each period, four Japanese Black fattening cattle were assigned to the cleaning treatment (CL), in which bedding material was replaced once during each experimental period. Four cattle were assigned to the control treatment (CON) with no bed cleaning. Daily duration, bout frequency, and bout length of sleep-related lying postures were measured, and bed moisture, ammonia concentration in the air, plasma cortisol, and serotonin concentration were also measured within one week before and after cleaning treatment in each period. Results: The bed moisture and ammonia concentrations decreased in CL after bed cleaning. Following bed cleaning, the duration and bout frequency of TSP in CL decreased compared to that observed in CON, whereas ESP in CL increased after bed cleaning. Total duration of sleep-related lying postures and cortisol and serotonin levels did not differ between CL and CON. Conclusion: These results suggest that cattle in sleep-related lying postures shifted from tucked head positions to extended head positions in response to improved bed cleanliness.