온라인 기반 아두이노 자동차 교수학습자료 개발 사례

이은상(Lee Eunsang) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.4

2020년 1학기, 우리나라는 코로나 19로 인해 각 학교급에서는 전면적인 온라인 수업 실시라는 초유의 사태를 경험하였다. 이에 많은 교수자가 온라인 수업 상황에 적응하지 못해 어려움을 겪었다. 특히 실습 활동이 주가 되는 교과의 경우, 온라인 상황에서 실습수업 자체가 이루어지기 어렵다는 점에서 타 교과보다 더 큰 어려움을 겪었다. 이러한 배경에는 온라인 상황에서 실습수업 사례가 많이 개발되지 않았기 때문이다. 이에 이 연구에서는 온라인 수업 기반 아두이노 자동차 만들기 교수학습자료를 개발하여 그 사례를 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 Lee(2020b)의 저비용 마이크로컨트롤러 기반 교수학습 모형에 따라 아두이노 자동차의 차체를 개발하였고, 이 차체를 작동시키는 소스 코드를 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 교수학습자료의 개발 과정과 개발 결과물은 온라인상에서 실습수업을 진행하고자 하는 교수자들에게 유용한 참고 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. During the first semester of 2020, Korea experienced an unprecedented situation where all schools were forced to conduct classes online due to Covid-19. As a result, many instructors had difficulty adapting to teaching classes online. Particularly, cases where the subjects were primarily taught using hands-on activities were more challenging than other subjects because it was difficult to conduct these classes in an entirely online situation. This is because there are few examples of hands-on lessons developed for use in online situations. Therefore, this study attempted to present an example by developing teaching and learning materials for “making Arduino car” based on online classes. In this study, an Arduino car’s body was developed according to Lee’s (2020b) low-cost microcontroller-based teaching and learning model. The proposed source code was used to operate the body. The development process and results of the teaching and learning materials presented in this study can be used as useful reference materials for instructors who want to conduct hands-on classes online.

A Study on the Proposal of the Behavioral Principles for the Training of Korea Coast Guard in the Pandemic Era10.22471/disaster.2022.7.2.52

Eunsang Lee(Eunsang Lee),Yeojin Lim(Yeojin Lim) J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.7 No.2

Purpose: This study proposes the Korea Coast Guard trainee behavior principle based on the value of the Korea Coast Guard in response to the Pandemic era. Through the proposed principle of action, we will provide philo-sophical standards for value judgment to members of the organization in various dilemma situations that Korea Coast Guard will face in the future. Recently, as a large number of young employees in various fields have been recruited in the Korea Coast Guard organizations, controversy has arisen due to the difference between the ex-isting policies and the expectations of the younger generation. This means that the organization should make more efforts to establish and share the priority of organizational value to its members. Method: The Korea Coast Guard organizations have unique cultural characteristics that have been formed with unique history. This characteristic of the members is to examine the result of the formation of philosophical value of the Korea Coast Guard organization, along with the value policy of the Korea Coast Guard focusing on the educational regulations applied to the current students by the Korea Coast Guard Education Academy. As a research method of this paper, I would like to examine the behavior style required by members according to the unique characteristics of the Korea Coast Guard organizations in phenomenological aspects. The media press releases were used to maintain objective grounds among various problems caused by the characteristics of the Korea Coast Guard, and the internal voice of the organization was referred to the internal bulletin board of the Korea Coast Guard Agency. Results: As a conclusion of this study, based on the review of the philosophy and educational goals of the Korea Coast Guard organization. The principle of action is proposed 'Five Promises of Korea Coast Guard Stu-dents'. The proposed principle of student behavior is organized so that it can be applied to actual education center life from the perspective of the student. The first regulation of the prize and penalty for the students can be seen as a behavior that is supported and trusted by the people through 'honorable life' that helps others. Second, it emphasizes that marine police will move toward a steady learning and effort as a guardian of the sea, along with the educational goal of 'trying to become an expert in the sea every moment' and prioritizing the expertise and practical skills. Third, the Coast Guard respect the human rights of the people who always keep their promises and do not follow injustice. Fourth, considering the spirit of public service value for the nation and the people that the result suitable for the public interest is more precious, overcoming the individual desire and discerning what is more suitable for the public interest is the value to be cultivated as a public official who serves the people afterward, and above all, it can be wary of the situation that falls into the individualistic tendency, forgetting that he is a 'serviceman of the people'. Fifth, the direction of the challenge spirit shown in the 'expert in the ocean' that 'I am willing to challenge and overcome for a better future' and the future-oriented image that pursues the world's best pursued by educational goals can be confirmed. Conclusion: As such, this research suggests that the fundamental cause for this dilemmatic situation is on the absence of the values based on the organizational philosophies, and it is necessary for the organization to set up the operational methods based on its philosophical values taking into account the principles of action which are appropriate to the task of KCG(Korea Coast Guard). Also, this research asserts that the operation based on philosophical grounds contributes to the sequential positivity such as ‘psychological stability of the members’ and ‘creating hard working environments’ this will also help its members’ learning process and enhance the orga

Stochastic Photon Emission from Nonblinking Upconversion Nanoparticles

Lee, Eunsang,Jung, Minhyuk,Han, Youngeun,Lee, Gibok,Shin, Kyujin,Lee, Hohjai,Lee, Kang Taek American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.121 No.38

<P>Because of their well-known optical properties, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are regarded as some of the most promising nano-materials for bioimaging, biosensors, and solar cells. The nonblinking nature of their upconversion emissions has been a particularly beneficial advantage for live-cell imaging. However, the origin of this unique property has never been seriously investigated. We report, for the first time, the observation of stochastic photon emission (SPEM) in core/shell UCNPs (NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+/NaYF4) on the microsecond and nanosecond time scales, even under continuous irradiation at 980 nm. This SPEM was attributed to slow upconversion cycles. We consider that the conventionally reported, nonblinking nature of UCNP emissions can be attributed to the averaging of SPEMs from multiple Er3+ ions and the low temporal resolution of previous observation. The off-time distribution, which possesses kinetics information for the upconversion pathways, was well fitted to a single exponential indicating involvement of a single rate-determining step. The distinct behaviors of the green and red emissions confirm their different photophysical pathways.</P>

Electromyographic analysis according to shoe weight during ambulation

Lee, Eunsang,Lee, Byunghoon,Cho, Juchul,Lee, Yongwoo,Lee, Seungwon korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2015 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.4 No.2

Objective: To examine the effects of different shoe weights on lower leg muscle fatigue when walking by electromyographic (EMG) analysis due to the most effective weight for loading not being established. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy university students (15 male, 15 female) were enrolled and randomly assigned into three conditions, which included wearing athletic shoes with an addition of 300 g, 500 g, and 1,000 g weights respectively. Prior to walking, all subjects were instructed to sit in a chair for 10 minutes. All subjects walked at a speed of 3.6 m/s on a treadmill for 20 minutes without rest. EMG measurements were taken using the median power frequency to assess for the effect of the different weight of shoes on muscle fatigue of the soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior while walking on a treadmill in an upright posture. EMG measurements were taken during the first and last 30 seconds of walking. Results: In terms of muscle fatigue, for the soleus, the median power frequency was significantly lower with 1,000 g compared with 300 g and 500 g (p<0.05). For the tibialis anterior, the median power frequency was significantly lower with 1,000 g than 300 g and 500 g (p<0.05). For the gastrocnemius, the median power frequency was significantly lower with 1,000 g compared with 300 g (p<0.05). Conclusions: Increased shoe weight increases soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscle fatigue during ambulation.

A Sustainable Method to Study Digital Logic Circuits Hands-on Activity Method Using Arduino

Eunsang Lee 한국실과교육연구학회 2021 實科敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 오픈 소스 플래폼인 아두이노를 이용하여 디지털 논리회로의 지속 가능한 새로운 실습 방법을 제안하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 ADDIE 모델과 Lee(2020)의 모델에 기반하여, 아두이노로 기본 게이트 회로를 구현하는 방 법을 제시하였다. 이 연구의 결과 아두이노를 이용하여 지속 가능한 디지털 논리 회로의 실습이 구현 가능함을 확인하였다. 또 한, 이 연구의 결과로 아두이노, 버튼, LED 등과 같은 부품 간의 회로 구성 방법, 배선도, 프로그래밍 소스 코드, 적용 결과물 등을 제시하였다. 이 연구에서 제안된 실습 내용은 비전공학생이나 초, 중등학생을 대상으로 한 디지털 논리회로 실습 교육에 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 메이커 교육, 코딩 교육, 소프트웨어 교육에서도 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 이 연구에서는 아두이노 및 C 언어와 같이 수 십 여년 간 지속적으로 사용되는 오픈 하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 사용하였기 때문에, 향후에도 계속적으로 디지 털 논리 회로의 실습에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to propose a new, sustainable method for creating and studying digital logic circuits hands-on activity, using the Arduino open-source platform. For the purouse, in this study, based on the ADDIE model and the model of Lee (2020), a method of implementing a basic gate circuit with Arduino was presented. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that it is possible to implement sustainable digital logic circuit practice using Arduino. In addition, as a result of this study, circuit configuration method, wiring diagram, programming source code, application results, and other design details for the circuit using components such as the Arduino, buttons, and LEDs were presented. The method proposed in this study can be used in digital logic circuit hands-on classes for non-major university students, primary school students, and secondary school students, and can also be used in maker education, coding education, and software education. As this method needs only open-source hardware and software, such as Arduino and the C language, that are freely available, it can be used to practice making digital logic circuits in a sustainable way in the future.

Segregated structures of ring polymer melts near the surface: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Lee, Eunsang,Jung, YounJoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 SOFT MATTER Vol.11 No.30

<P>We study structural properties of a ring polymeric melt confined in a film in comparison to a linear counterpart using molecular dynamics simulations. Local structure orderings of ring and linear polymers in the vicinity of the surface are similar to each other because the length scale of surface-monomer excluded volume interactions is smaller than the size of an ideal blob of the ring. In a long length scale, while the Silberberg hypothesis can be used to provide the physical origin of the confined linear polymer results, it no longer holds for the ring polymer case. We also present different structural properties of ring and linear polymers in a melt, including the size of polymers, the adsorbed amount, and the coordination number of a polymer. Our observation reveals that a confined ring in a melt adopts a highly segregated conformation due to a topological excluded volume repulsion, which may provide a new perspective to understand the nature of biological processes, such as territorial segregation of chromosomes in eukaryotic nuclei.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A ring polymer in a melt under confinement shows a very compact and segregated structure. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5sm01097g'> </P>

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Smartphone Addiction and Stress: a randomized controlled study

Eunsang Lee 물리치료재활과학회 2021 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.10 No.1

Objective: Smartphone addiction can cause forward head posture, carpal tunnel syndrome and depression, and anxiety. Various interventions have been proposed to resolve Smartphone addiction. However, research regarding the efficacy of these interventions remains lacking. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tDCS (Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) on smartphone addiction solution and stress reduction. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: The participants were divided randomly into two group (tDCS vs. Control). tDCS was applied to 41 adults (22.95±2.76 years). The tDCS group was applied 2 mA, for 13 minutes twice over a 26 minute period (n1 = 21). The control (n2 = 20) was not applied after padding and was applied twice for 13 minutes over a 26 minute period. This study was conducted four times a week for a total of four weeks. Results: Smartphone addiction for tDCS showed significant improvement in the results in the S-score (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.702, 4.922), and the result of heart rate (HR) and skin conductivity (SC) to stress. The tDCS group and control group showed no significant decrese in the results in the HR (p>0.05, 95% CI: -3.390, 8.332), but tDCS group showed significant decrese in the results in the SC (p<0.05, 95% CI: 0.060, 1.343) Conclusions: This study suggected that smartphone addiction treatment and decreses of stress. The use of tDCS will reduce the addiction rate of adults and reduce stress, so that possible side effects in society can be solved.

Time-domain Continuous-time Delta-sigma Modulator using VCO-based Integrator and GRO-based Quantizer

Eunsang Lee,Jaeduk Han 대한전자공학회 2022 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.22 No.4

This paper presents a 3rd-order time-domain continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM) using two voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based integrators and a gated ring oscillator (GRO)-based quantizer. The GRO-based quantizer has 1st-order noise-shaping characteristics without the increase of the signal transfer function (STF) order and has magnificent linearity. Also, the output of the GRO-based quantizer has an intrinsic data weighted averaging (DWA)-based dynamic element matching (DEM) pattern that is less susceptible to the DAC mismatch. The PWM signal, which is the input of the GRO-based quantizer, is generated by the VCO-based integrator without additional blocks. In the pre-layout simulation, the CTDSM consumes 3.84 mW and achieves an SNDR of 71.2 dB at a 400-MSs sampling frequency and a 10-MHz bandwidth.

빅데이터 분석을 통한 라즈베리파이 교육에 대한 사회적 인식

이은상(Lee Eunsang) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.1

목적 이 연구의 목적은 빅데이터 분석 방법으로 라즈베리파이 교육의 사회적 인식을 분석하는 데 있다. 방법 이를 위해 텍스톰 사이트를 통해 ‘라즈베리파이’와 ‘교육’이 포함된 키워드를 중심으로 빅데이터를 추출하였고, 이 데이터를 텍스톰 사이트와 UNICET 프로그램을 이용하여 정제 및 분석하였다. 결과 이 연구에서는 빈도 분석, TF-IDF 분석, 연결 중심성 분석, N-gram 분석 등의 텍스트 마이닝 분석 결과 ‘아두이노’, ‘컴퓨터’, ‘교육’, ‘코딩’, ‘활용’ 등이 주요 키워드임을 확인하였다. 또한, 의미 연결망 분석을 위해 CONCOR 분석을 수행한 결과 ‘라즈베리파이 활용 교육’, ‘라즈베리파이 교육 운영’, ‘라즈베리파이 기원’ 등 3개의 카테고리를 확인할 수 있다. 결론 이 연구를 통해 인터넷상에서 라즈베리파이 교육과 관련된 일반 대중들의 여러 가지 의미 있는 사회적 인식을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과는 라즈베리파이 관련 교육을 연구하는 연구자나 기관의 학술 연구에 활용될 수 있는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Objectives The purposes of this study were to analyze the social perception of Raspberry Pi and education using the big data analysis method. Methods It was extracted big data from keywords including ‘Raspberry Pi’ and ‘education’ through the Textom website and refined and analyzed the data using the Textom and the UNICET program. In this study, text mining analysis such as frequency analysis, TF-IDF analysis, degree centrality analysis, and N-gram analysis was performed, and CONCOR analysis was performed for semantic network analysis. Results As a result of text mining analysis, it was confirmed that ‘Arduino’, ‘computer’, ‘coding’, ‘education’, and ‘use’ were the major keywords. As a result semantic network analysis, three clusters could be identified: ‘education using Raspberry Pi’, ‘operation of Raspberry Pi education’, and ‘origin of Raspberry Pi’. Conclusions Through this study, it was possible to confirm various meaningful social perceptions of the general public in relation to Raspberry Pi education on the Internet. This study’s results provide fundamental data for academic research in Raspberry Pi-related education.

전문가 연계 학습자 주도 프로젝트 학습 설계전략 개발

이은상(Lee, Eunsang),김하늬(Kim, Honey),이은주(Lee, Eunju) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.14

목적 본 연구는 전문가 연계 학습자 주도 프로젝트 학습의 설계전략을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 방법 이를 위해 Richey와 Klein의 개발 연구를 적용하였다. 우선, 선행연구 분석을 통해 1차 설계전략을 도출한 후 내적타당화를 위해 전문가 검토 2회 실시하였다. 다음으로, 외적타당화를 위해 설계전략 적용이 가능한 학교를 표집한 후, 참여교사들이 설계전략을 토대로 수업을 설계 및 실행함으로써 현장 평가를 실시하였다. 결과 그 결과, 최종적으로 5개의 설계전략과 19개의 상세지침이 개발되었다. 연구결과에서 밝힌 설계전략은 다음과 같다. 1. 학습자가 탐구 및 해결할 주제(문제)를 탐색하고 선택한다. 2. 학습자가 주제(문제)와 관련하여 내용, 방법, 자원 등을 분석한다. 3. 학습자가 주제(문제) 탐구 및 해결 활동을 설계한다. 4. 학습자가 실세계 전문가들과의 상호작용을 통해 주제(문제) 탐구 및 해결을 실행한다. 5. 학습자가 활동한 과정 및 결과를 공유하고 피드백을 받는다. 설계전략에 따른 각각의 상세지침에는 방법 및 해설을 추가적으로 제공함으로써 현장의 교수자들이 설계전략을 쉽게 이해하고, 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 결론 본 연구는 교수자들이 전문가 연계의 학습자 주도의 프로젝트 학습을 위한 환경을 마련하기 위한 실질적인 가이드라인을 제공할 것으로 기대하고 있다. Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop design strategies for learner-driven project learning with experts. Methods Based on the research developed by Richey and Klein(2007), this study derived the first design strategy through analysis of previous studies and validated the study through two expert reviews and one field evaluation. Results As a result, this study finally developed five design strategies and 19 detailed guidelines. The design strategies revealed in the research results are as follows. 1. Learners brainstorm ideas and select a topic or problem to explore. 2. Learners analyze content, methods, and resources related to their topic or question. 3. Learners design activities that explore their topic or solve the problem. 4. Learners explore their topic or and solve the problem through interaction with real-world experts. 5. Learners share their activities and results with others and receive feedback. Each detailed guideline based on the design strategies provides additional teaching methods and explanations to instructors in the field so that they can easily understand and utilize design strategies. Conclusions This study is expected to provide practical guidelines for the instructors to prepare an environment for learner-driven project learning in connection with experts.