가정폭력 피해유형에 따른 도움요청 분석 : 정신적 고통의 매개효과를 중심으로

신나래(Park, Eonju),박언주(Park, Eonju) 한국가족학회 2020 가족과 문화 Vol.32 No.4

가정폭력은 친밀한 관계에서 폭력을 사용하여 피해자를 통제하며 인권을 침해하는 사회적 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 가정폭력을 신체적, 정서적, 성적, 경제적 폭력으로 세분화하여 각각의 피해유형이 피해자의 도움요청 행위를 어떻게 예측하는지를 살펴보았으며, 이 과정에서 피해여성의 정신적 고통이 매개효과를 가지는지 분석하였다. 이를 위해 2019년 가정폭력실태 조사 6차 자료를 활용하였으며, 만19-65세 유배우자 가정폭력 피해여성 371명이 최종분석에 포함되었다. 연령, 교육수준, 가계소득, 가구원수를 통제한 경로분석 모형을 통한 매개효과 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 가정폭력의 피해유형에 따라 피해여성의 도움요청 행위를 다르게 예측하고 있었는데, 폭력피해의 유형 중 신체적 폭력만이 도움요청행위를 직접적으로 예측하였다. 신체적, 정서적, 경제적 폭력은 정신적 고통을 정적으로 예측하였는데, 정신적 고통은 도움요청행위를 정적으로 예측하며 신체적 폭력과 정서적 폭력의 간접효과가 입증되었다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 가정폭력의 발생 시 상대적으로 가시적이며 입증이 용이한 신체적 폭력에 비해 다른 유형의 폭력피해는 피해여성조차 도움요청이 쉽지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 다양한 폭력피해 유형을 가정폭력으로 인지하고, 적극적인 사회적 개입이 가능하다는 사회적 분위기를 형성할 필요성에 대해 논의하였다. This study examined whether each type of domestic violence(physical, emotional, sexual and economic violence) predicts help-seeking behaviors of survivors and psychological suffering mediates the association. The data from the Domestic Violence Survey in 2019 was used for a path analysis and total 371 women aged 19-65 were included in the final analysis. The result showed that physical, emotional and economic violence were positively associated with psychological suffering and it was significantly associated with help-seeking; however, only physical violence predicted help-seeking directly. That is, only physical violence has direct and indirect effects on survivor’s help-seeking, which means partial mediation. Based on the findings, the study finds out that women who suffered physical violence that was relatively visible and easily proven tended to seek help, and it suggests that various type of violence should be recognized as domestic violence.

여성노인의 구술생애사를 통해 본 가정폭력과 빈곤

박언주(Park, Eonju) 한국여성학회 2015 한국여성학 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 가정폭력을 경험한 1935년생 빈곤 여성노인 장영란의 구술생애사를 통하여 빈곤과의 관계에서 가정폭력 경험을 이해하려는 목적에서 수행되었다. 세 차례에 걸친 인터뷰를 통하여 자료를 수집하였고, 수집한 자료를 재구성하여 구술생애사 연구방법으로 분석하였다. 장영란은 탈빈곤 전략으로 결혼을 했지만 탈빈곤에 성공하지 못했고, 생사를 넘나드는 가정폭력을 경험했다. 탈폭력 시도로 집을 떠났지만 가해자의 폭력은 지속되었다. 폭력은 구술자의 구직 및 고용유지를 방해함으로써 직업적 안정을 기대할 수 없는 조건을 만들었고, 이는 장영란의 빈곤을 유지하는 데에 기여했다. 가부장제 가족을 유지하는 데에 기여한 정상가족 및 모성이데올로기를 내면화한 장영란은 가해자의 폭력전략에 취약했으며, 가족의 이해와 피해여성으로서 구술자의 이해는 양립되기 어려운 조건에 있었다. 노동시장에서의 낮은 지위는 장영란에게 안정적인 일자리를 제공하지 못했고, 장영란의 빈곤은 이러한 사회적 조건이 가정폭력과 맞물리면서 그 부정적인 영향이 증폭?강화된 결과로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과 구술자 장영란의 생애에 걸쳐 지속된 가정폭력과 빈곤의 경험은 구술자의 삶의 특수성과, 이러한 특수성을 구성하고 동 시대 여성들의 삶에 영향을 미쳤던 사회적 조건들과의 상호작용속에서 맥락적으로 이해될 수 있음을 확인하였다. This study aims to understand the effects of domestic violence and poverty on an woman who was born in 1935. In order to achieve the purpose, three interviews with Jang who is an elderly battered women on her life history were conducted and the life history interviews were analyzed. In Jang’s whole life, domestic violence was not stopped despite all her efforts of leaving from the abuser and made her stay in poverty. Because of her partner’s abuse, she could not expect job stability, as she had to move to escape from the abuse. In addition, she could only found a job in the informal labor market in which job stability was hardly achieved. This expanded and enforced the negative effects of domestic violence on her life in terms of the poverty. This study suggests that Jang’s vulnerability to domestic violence be understood in the context of her family under poverty. Although there was a gap between Jang’s interest and that of her family, she responded to the needs of her family including the needs for economic supports and also care of family members, internalizing the myths of the normal family and the ideology of motherhood.

가정폭력피해여성의 자립경험에 관한 연구 : 민간자립지원사업을 통한 변화를 중심으로

박언주(Eonju Park),신나래(Narae Shin),김정현(Jeonghyeon Kim),조윤호(Yoonho Cho),김재환(Jaehwan Kim),김은영(Eunyoung Kim),김래형(Laehyung Kim) 한국사회복지교육협의회 2022 한국사회복지교육 Vol.58 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the significance of the self-reliance support program for survivors of domestic violence in shelter. For this purpose, FGI was conducted 7 times with 14 social workers from DV shelters and counseling centers and 13 survivors. According to the results of the study, victimized women prepared for self-reliance by reorganizing the support system and strengthening their employment capacity in shelters. Through the self-reliance support, emotional and economic stabilities were improved. The non-government support filled the blind spots of public support but needed to be further expanded. Based on this, the reconstruction of the meaning of self-reliance for survivors of domestic violence and the expansion of support were discussed. 본 연구는 가정폭력피해여성이 집을 떠나 동반자녀와 보호시설에 입퇴소하는 자립의 과정을 통해 자립지원사업의 의미와 효과성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국가정폭력피해자보호시설 및 상담소의 실무자 14인과 피해여성 13인, 총 7집단과 FGI를 실시하였다. 인터뷰 내용을 분석한 연구결과에 따르면, 피해여성은 자립지원사업을 통해 정서적 안정과 경제적 부담을 완화하였고, 일상성⋅공동체성⋅자율성을 회복하였다. 민간의 자립지원사업은 공공지원의 사각지대를 메꾸고 있었으나 지원의 확대가 필요하였다. 이를 바탕으로 가정폭력피해여성이 가지는 자립의 의미 재구성과 자립지원 확대의 방향성을 논의하였다.

강요된 빚 피해 및 개입방안: 미국의 가정폭력 연구를 중심으로

박언주(Eonju Park) 한국콘텐츠학회 2022 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구는 강요된 빚 피해 및 개입방안에 관한 미국의 가정폭력 연구의 성과를 소개하였다. 강요된 빚의 이론과 개념, 피해 경험과 영향, 개입에 관한 미국의 선행연구를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 강요된 빚은 강압적 통제로서의 가정폭력과 통제 메커니즘으로서의 경제적 폭력을 이론적 기반으로 사기 거래와 강제거래를 포함하는 가해자의 폭력 전술로 정의되었다. 둘째, 가정폭력 피해자 중 강요된 빚 경험자는 절반 이상으로 나타났으며, 그 영향은 신용 훼손과 경제적 의존, 주택 · 고용 · 안전과 관련한 장벽이었다. 셋째, 강요된 빚피해에 개입하기 위해 장시간의 회복 기간과 불확실성을 견디고, 집중적 · 개별적 옹호를 제공하며, 피해자 구제를 위한 정책과 단일한 절차가 부재하다는 문제를 극복해야 할 것이다. 또한, 강요된 빚에 대한 사정 및 서비스 연계를 위하여 서비스 제공자에 대한 교육과 훈련이 필요하며, 강요된 빚 피해자의 역량을 강화하고 안전을 최우선으로 고려하는 방향으로 서비스가 제공되어야 할 것이다. This study aimed to introduce research on coerced debt victimization and interventions in the context of domestic violence. To achieve the aim, this study reviewed existing studies on coerced debt conducted in the US. This study discussed the followings: First, coerced debt was theorized by coerced control theory of domestic violence and control mechanisms of economic abuse and conceptualized as fraud and force. Second, the effects of coerced debt included credit damage, economic dependence, and barriers to housing, employment, and safety. Third, to intervene the victimization, service providers should endure uncertainty and its time consuming process of recovering, provide an intense and personalized advocacy, and overcome the problems of absence of policies to support the victims. Finally, service providers should have educations and training programs on the assessment and intervention skills of coerced debt acknowledging empowerment and safety of the victims as the most important.

가정폭력피해여성의 모성 논의에 대한 고찰

박언주(Park, Eonju) 한국가족학회 2013 가족과 문화 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 가정폭력피해여성의 모성에 대한 서구의 논의를 비판적으로 검토하고, 국내논의를 위한 시사점을 도출하려 하였다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 가정폭력피해여성의 모성에 대한 기존문헌을 검토하였다. 가정폭력피해여성의 모성논의가 부각된 배경에 대해 가정폭력노출아동의 문제 해결을 위한 사회적･정책적 개입을 중심으로 소개하였다. 가정폭력피해여성의 모성에 대한 기존논의를 다음의 네 개의 영역을 중심으로 유형화하여 검토하였다. 여기에는 가정폭력 후유증의 영향, 자녀를 보호하기 위한 다양한 전략, 가해자의 폭력전략 및 공적 서비스의 개입방향, 여성의 행위성 및 자녀와의 상호성 강조를 중심으로 가정폭력피해여성의 모성에 대해 논하는 연구들이 포함된다. 기존논의의 성과 및 한계를 논하고 이를 토대로 가정폭력피해여성의 모성에 대한 향후 연구를 위해 제언하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 이론적, 실천적 함의에 대하여 논하였다. 가정폭력 피해여성의 모성과 관련한 복잡한 이론적･실천적 문제를 해결하기 위한 기초자료를 제공한다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있을 것이다. This study aims to explore and to discuss the outcomes and limitations of the findings from the existing literature on battered women’s mothering experiences. To achieve the study aims, existing studies on battered women’s mothering were reviewed and analyzed. First, this study introduced, as background of emerging issues of battered women’s mothering, the discovery of children exposed to domestic violence and their ‘neglectful mothers’ identified by the Child Protection Services and the law expanded the definition of child ‘neglect’ to include child exposure to adult domestic violence as a specific type of neglect, ‘failure to protect.’ Second, this study classified battered women’s mothering into four categories as reviewing the literature, the categories including the effects of violence on battered women’s mothering, mothers’ strategies used to protect their children from the abuser, target of abuse and intervention of formal services, and women’ agency and relationship building with the children. Third, this study found and addressed the limitations on the findings of existing literature on battered women’s mothering in three points. Finally, implications of this study for practice and research on battered women’s mothering were discussed in the conclusion.

가정폭력피해여성의 경험을 통해 본 경제적 폭력의 범주

박언주(Park, Eonju) 한국여성학회 2023 한국여성학 Vol.39 No.4

The objective of this article is to establish distinct categories and subcategories of economic abuse based on the firsthand accounts of women who have been subjected to domestic violence. Twenty women who sought refuge in shelters for victims of abuse, reported instances of economic abuse from their abusers, and expressed their willingness to engage in the research were invited as research participants. The data was collected through individual in-depth interviews. This research establishes an analytical framework that focuses on employment sabotage, economic restriction, and economic exploitation, and identifies the subgroups within each of these categories. Coerced debt and coerced labor are significant subcategories of economic exploitation. This article contributes to the field of domestic violence research by presenting diverse cases of economic abuse experienced by victims of domestic violence. It enhances the understanding of these experiences and provides foundational knowledge for policy implementation. It suggests that additional research be needed to analyze battered women’s experiences of economic abuse in the context of other types of domestic violence, the patriarchal family, and gendered labor market.

Interobserver variation in target volume for salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy using CT versus combined CT and MRI: a multicenter study (KROG 13-11)

Eonju Lee,Won Park,Sung Hwan Ahn,Jae Ho Cho,Jin Hee Kim,Kwan Ho Cho,Young Min Choi,Jae-Sung Kim,Jin Ho Kim,Hong-Seok Jang,Young-Seok Kim,Taek-Keun Nam 대한방사선종양학회 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.1

Purpose: To investigate interobserver variation in target volume delineations for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy using planning computed tomography (CT) versus combined planning CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Ten radiation oncologists independently delineated a target volume on the planning CT scans of five cases with different pathological status after radical prostatectomy. Two weeks later, this was repeated with the addition of planning MRI. The volumes obtained with CT only and combined CT and MRI were compared, and the effect of the addition of planning MRI on interobserver variability was assessed. Results: There were large differences in clinical target volume (CTV) delineated by each observer, regardless of the addition of planning MRI (9.44–139.27 cm 3 in CT only and 7.77–122.83 cm 3 in CT plus MRI) and no significant differences in the mean and standard deviation of CTV. However, there were decreases in mean volume and standard deviation as a result of using the planning MRI. Conclusion: This study showed substantial interobserver variation in target volume delineation for salvage radiotherapy. The combination of planning MRI with CT tended to decrease the target volume and the variation.

Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

Eonju Lee,Tae Gyu Kim,Hee Chul Park,Jeong Il Yu,Do Hoon Lim,Heerim Nam,Hyebin Lee,Joon Hyeok Lee 대한방사선종양학회 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required

Clinical outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

Lee, Eonju,Kim, Tae Gyu,Park, Hee Chul,Yu, Jeong Il,Lim, Do Hoon,Nam, Heerim,Lee, Hyebin,Lee, Joon Hyeok The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2015 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: To investigate the outcomes of patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), who were treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 23 patients who underwent SBRT from October 2008 to August 2012 for 36 spinal metastases from HCC. SBRT consisted of approximately 2 fractionation schedules, which were 18 to 40 Gy in 1 to 4 fractions for group A lesions (n = 15) and 50 Gy in 10 fractions for group B lesions (n = 21). Results: The median follow-up period was 7 months (range, 2 to 16 months). Seven patients developed grade 1 or 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, and one developed grade 2 leucopenia. Compression fractures occurred in association with 25% of the lesions, with a median time to fracture of 2 months. Pain relief occurred in 92.3% and 68.4% of group A and B lesions, respectively. Radiologic response (complete and partial response) occurred in 80.0% and 61.9% of group A and B lesions, respectively. The estimated 1-year spinal-tumor progression-free survival rate was 78.5%. The median overall survival period and 1-year overall survival rate were 9 months (range, 2 to 16 months) and 25.7%, respectively. Conclusion: SBRT for spinal metastases from HCC is well tolerated and effective at providing pain relief and radiologic response. Because compression fractures develop at a high rate following SBRT for spinal metastases from primary HCC, careful follow up of the patient is required.

Interobserver variation in target volume for salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy using CT versus combined CT and MRI: a multicenter study (KROG 13-11)

Lee, Eonju,Park, Won,Ahn, Sung Hwan,Cho, Jae Ho,Kim, Jin Hee,Cho, Kwan Ho,Choi, Young Min,Kim, Jae-Sung,Kim, Jin Ho,Jang, Hong-Seok,Kim, Young-Seok,Nam, Taek-Keun The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2018 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.36 No.1

Purpose: To investigate interobserver variation in target volume delineations for prostate cancer salvage radiotherapy using planning computed tomography (CT) versus combined planning CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Ten radiation oncologists independently delineated a target volume on the planning CT scans of five cases with different pathological status after radical prostatectomy. Two weeks later, this was repeated with the addition of planning MRI. The volumes obtained with CT only and combined CT and MRI were compared, and the effect of the addition of planning MRI on interobserver variability was assessed. Results: There were large differences in clinical target volume (CTV) delineated by each observer, regardless of the addition of planning MRI ($9.44-139.27cm^3$ in CT only and $7.77-122.83cm^3$ in CT plus MRI) and no significant differences in the mean and standard deviation of CTV. However, there were decreases in mean volume and standard deviation as a result of using the planning MRI. Conclusion: This study showed substantial interobserver variation in target volume delineation for salvage radiotherapy. The combination of planning MRI with CT tended to decrease the target volume and the variation.