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DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center and obesity
Chiharu Yoshikawa,Winda Ariyani,Daisuke Kohno 대한비만학회 2023 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.32 No.4
Obesity rates have been increasing worldwide for decades, mainly due to environmental factors, such as diet, nutrition, and exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms through which environmental factors induce obesity remain unclear. Several mechanisms underlie the body’s response to environmental factors, and one of the main mechanisms involves epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. The pattern of DNA methylation is influenced by environmental factors, and altered DNA methylation patterns can affect gene expression profiles and phenotypes. DNA methylation may mediate the development of obesity caused by environmental factors. Similar to the factors governing obesity, DNA methylation is influenced by nutrients and metabolites. Notably, DNA methylation is associated with body size and weight programming. The DNA methylation levels of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) in the hypothalamic feeding center, a key region controlling systemic energy balance, are affected by diet. Conditional knockout mouse studies of epigenetic enzymes have shown that DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center plays an indispensable role in energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center as a potential mechanism underlying the development of obesity induced by environmental factors.
P110β in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulates glucose and energy metabolism
Teppei Fujikawa,최윤희,양동주,신동민,Jose Donato Jr.,Daisuke Kohno,Charlotte E. Lee,Carol F. Elias,Syann Lee,김기우 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in hypothalamic neurons integrates peripheral metabolic cues, including leptin and insulin, to coordinate systemic glucose and energy homeostasis. PI3K is composed of different subunits, each of which has several unique isoforms. However, the role of the PI3K subunits and isoforms in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a prominent site for the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis, is unclear. Here we investigated the role of subunit p110β in steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) neurons of the VMH in the regulation of metabolism. Our data demonstrate that the deletion of p110β in SF-1 neurons disrupts glucose metabolism, rendering the mice insulin resistant. In addition, the deletion of p110β in SF-1 neurons leads to the whitening of brown adipose tissues and increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity due to blunted energy expenditure. These results highlight a critical role for p110β in the regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis via VMH neurons.
A COSMOLOGICAL PAH SURVEY WITH SPICA
Takehiko Wada,Eiichi Egami,Naofumi Fujishiro,Tomotsugu Goto,Masatoshi Imanishi,Hanae Inami,Daisuke Ishihara,Hidehiro Kaneda,Kotaro Kohno,Yusei Koyama,Hideo Matsuhara,Shuji Matsuura,Tohru Nagao,Youichi 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
We propose a cosmological survey to probe star formation and nuclear activityin galaxies at redshifts of z = 2 - 4 by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH) features usingthe SPICA mid-infrared instrument (SMI)with a spectral resolution of R = 20. We will cover a wavelength range of 20-36 μmthat corresponds to z = 2 - 4 for the PAH features(11.3, 7.7, and 6.2 μm). The sensitivity will be $1\times10^{-19}$ W/m$^2$ (5 $\sigma$)in case of a referencesurvey that covers 4 arcmin$^2$ field in a one-hour observation. It corresponds to L$_{\rm IR}$=$2\times10^{11}$ $L_\odot$ at z=3and will give us more than 10000 galaxies in a 450 hour survey.