Differential Carotid Arterial Wall Response to Cardiovascular Risk Factors

양동주,김완호,김기홍,이충섭,서영훈,권택근,배장호 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

원저 : 운동처방 프로그램을 통한 중, 고령 근로자의 체력향상을 통한 노동력 증진

양동주,강동묵,양영애,유장진,김윤희 한국산업위생학회 2009 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Clinical Outcomes of Treatment of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Lesion in Acute Myocardial Infarction Setting: Korean AMI Registry

양동주,이충섭,서영훈,김기홍,김완호,권택근,배장호 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

퇴계선생 胎室과 老松亭에 대한 風水地理學的 고찰

양동주,홍상욱 택민국학연구원 2018 국학연구론총 Vol.0 No.22

The heaven, the ground and the person, which are the basis of Feng-Shui's idea, mean heavenly time, geography and harmony among men respectively. They are based on the heavenly energy, earthly energy, and atmospheric energy that enable us to live a basic life as a human being. Therefore, Feng-Shui can be said to be a fundamental subject science for maintaining human life. This means that men can be supplied with living necessaries at a space of settlement where positive energy is received, earthly energy is delivered, and good spirit is gathered. Based on this, human beings try to form a family and live. Therefore, the location of Yangtaek refers to a Jangpungdeuksu location, a safe place where water and food can be easily obtained, and protection is secured from natural dangers. Humans instinctively have a primordial nature to have many descendants. Therefore, it can be said that men want to secure a place of settlement for the family, and to have healthy, good people born into a living environment where a family can live a comfortable life without worrying about invading outsiders or natural disasters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of Yangtaek's location and settlement place by analyzing the Toegye's Taesil (Delivery room) at Nosongjeong where Toegye Lee, Hwang was conceived and born, and to examine how to apply it to modern life. In addition, it examines the recognition and application of Feng-Shui by analyzing the characteristics of the houses and the housing environment of the time; from the macro view centered on the Nosongjeong, and a micro view centered on the Toegye Taesil. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, analysis of the geographical characteristics of Nosongjeong based on the Taesil, where master Toegye was conceived and born, show the good connection of the Yongmaek from Mt. Jojong to Mt. Jusan, and the positive energy of the Maek on a continuum from the high to the low. The condition of Feng-Shui was analyzed to be good due to Ansan's good correspondence and the force of water surrounding it. Second, analysis of the building structure of the inner house with Taesil, the location of the Taesil, the overall architectural structure and the interior of the Taesil showed that most of the traditional houses are in the shape of ‘—, ‘⊓’, or ‘□’. The inner house of Nosongjeong with Toegye Taesil is built in the shape of ‘▣’ showing a significant variety with the general traditional houses. Even considering the living environment of the time, the settlement space of the Toegye Taesil, according to the residential environment, is completely different from the arrangement of the inner room in the general traditional house. Therefore, the location and settlement space of Nosongjeong and Toegye Taesil is analyzed in terms of Feng-Shui. The choice of location of Nosongjeong and the structural characteristics of the house suggest that Feng-Shui is thoroughly applied so that energy is converged to the Toegye Taesil. The application of Feng-Shui as such became the foundation of production of a good figure like master Toegye. Therefore, proper recognition and application of Feng-Shui is needed in modern society, and it is expected that the Feng-Shui is applied as a practical science and rational life science. 風水地理思想에서 根本으로 삼는 하늘(天)ㆍ땅(地)ㆍ사람(人) 즉, 天은 때(天時), 地는 地理, 人은 人和를 뜻한다. 이는 인간으로써 기본적인 삶을 살아갈 수 있도록 한 天氣 ·地氣·大氣를 바탕으로 한 것이다. 따라서 풍수지리학은 사람의 생명을 유지하기 위한 근원적 주체 학문이라 할 수 있다. 이는 定住空間(堂)에 좋은 에너지(氣)를 받고 地氣가 전달되어 좋은 양기가 모이는 곳에서 인간이 衣食住를 해결할 수 있음을 뜻하며, 인간은 이를 토대로 가정을 이루고 가족을 구성하여 살아가고자 하는 것이다. 따라서 陽宅의 입지로는 물(水)과 먹거리(食)를 쉽게 얻을 수 있고 자연의 위험으로부터 보호받을 수 있는 안전한 곳, 즉 ‘藏風得水’地를 말한다. 또한 인간은 본능적으로 후손을 많이 두고자 하는 원초적 성정을 가지고 있다. 따라서 가족이 살아갈 수 있는 定住空間의 확보와 외부의 침입이나 자연의 재해로부터 걱정 없이 안락한 생활을 할 수 있는 생활환경에서 건강하고 훌륭한 인물이 태어나기를 바란다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 퇴계 이황선생이 잉태되고 출생한 老松亭古宅과 退溪胎室을 風水地理學的으로 분석함으로써 陽宅의 立地와 定住空間의 중요성을 알아보고, 현대의 생활 속에서 어떻게 生活風水로 적용할 수 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 老松亭古宅을 중심으로 한 거시적 관점과 退溪胎室을 중심으로 한 미시적 관점으로 당시의 시대적 가옥의 특성과 주택환경을 분석함으로써, 風水地理學에 대한 인식과 적용에 대해 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 퇴계선생이 잉태되고 탄생한 태실을 중심으로 한 老松亭을 지리적 특성으로 분석해 보면, 祖宗山으로부터 主山에 이르기까지 龍脈의 연결이 좋고 높은 곳에서 낮은 곳으로 이어지는 脈의 기운은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 案山의 照應과 水勢도 감싸고 있어서 風水地理學的 조건이 좋은 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 胎室이 있는 안채의 건물구성과 胎室의 위치, 전체적인 건축구조와 胎室내부를 분석해 보면, 일반적 한옥의 고택은 대부분 ‘—,형 혹은 ‘⊓’, ‘□’형 대부분이다. 退溪胎室이 있는 노송정의 안채는 ‘▣’형으로 건축되어 일반적 한옥과 많은 차이가 있다. 당시의 생활환경을 고려하더라도 주거환경에 따른 退溪胎室의 定住空間이 일반적인 한옥에서 안방을 배치한 것과는 완전히 다른 특이성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 風水地理學的으로 老松亭과 退溪胎室의 입지와 定住空間에 대한 분석을 통하여 노송정의 입지 선택이나 가옥의 구조적인 특성으로 볼 때 退溪胎室에 기운이 집중되도록 설계한 면에서 風水地理學的 이론이 철저하게 적용되었음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 風水地理의 적용이 퇴계선생과 같은 훌륭한 인물이 배출되는 근간이 되었다는 점에서 현대 사회에서도 風水地理學에 대한 바른 인식과 적용이 필요하며, 風水地理가 실천과학이며 합리적 생활학문으로서 적용되기를 기대한다.

Clinical Outcomes of Treatment of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Lesion in Acute Myocardial Infarction Setting: Korean AMI Registry

양동주,이충섭,서영훈,김기홍,김완호,권택근,배장호 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Background: Treatment of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) is still vague in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) setting, because the acuity and critical condition may preclude the opportunity for emergent bypass surgery. We assessed the clinical features, real world practice pattern and clinical outcomes of treatment of ULMCA in AMI setting from Korea AMI registry (KAMIR). Subjects and Methods: Study subject consisted of 10,979 consecutive patients with AMI enrolled in KAMIR; 241 patient (2.2%) with ULMCA as infarct-related artery (IRA) and 10,738 patients without ULMCA. Patients with ULMCA were likely to be older and higher diabetes than those without ULMCA. We selected 241 patients without ULMCA using propensity patching for age, gender, risk factors and diagnosis for ST-elevation MI for further analysis. Of course, ULMCA group had higher Killip class, more resuscitation at admission, cardiogenic shock, higher serum creatinine and NT-proBNP level. Conservative treatment was performed more frequently in ULMCA group (18.5% vs. 6.5%, p=0.023) as an initial treatment strategy. In STEMI, PCI was less performed in ULMCA group (86% vs. 96%, p=0.009) with lower success rate (90%vs. 96%, p=0.020) than non-ULMCA group. In non-STEMI, these patterns were similar to STEMI with higher bypass surgery rate (18% vs. 4%, p<0.001) in ULMCA group. In-hospital mortality was higher in ULMCA group (14.1% vs. 5.0%, p=0.001). Cardiogenic shock was the only independent predictor (OR; 13.2, p=0.001) for in-hospital mortality in ULMCA group and total subjects. However, there was no significant differences in 1, 6 and 12-months clinical outcomes in terms of death, MI and revascularization rate between 2 groups after excluding the dead during hospitalization. Cumulative 12-months mortality showed significantly higher in ULMCA group (p=0.001), however, the mortality difference was only seen during hospitalization. Conclusions: AMI with ULMCA as IRA is rare, but fatal. Long-term mortality of ULMCA as IRA is similar with non-ULMCA lesion out of survived patients from hospital. Cardiogenic shock is the most important predictor for in-hospital mortality.

Differential Carotid Arterial Wall Response to Cardiovascular Risk Factors

양동주,김완호,김기홍,이충섭,서영훈,권택근,배장호 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

Backgrounds: We sought to evaluate the differential response of carotid arterial wall thickness according to cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects and Methods: The carotid arterial wall thickness was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound in 1177 consecutive patients(60.5±13.9 years old, 609 male) including coronary artery patients (21 patients). We also measured intima and media thickness using specially designed image processing. Results: Measurement of the individual arterial wall thickness (intimal thickness (IT) and medial thickness (MT) as well as the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT)) was possible in 831 patients (70.6%) out of all the study subjects. Patients with hypertension had a thicker IMT, IT and MT than non-HTN group (0.736±0.226 mm vs. 0.661±0.166 mm, p<0.001; 0.340±0.111 mm vs. 0.306±0.589 mm,p<0.001; 0.444±0.189 mm vs. 0.364±0.128 mm, p<0.001). Patients with diabetes had a thicker MT than non-DM group (0.431±0.168 mm vs.0.382±0.154 mm, p<0.002). Patients with smoking had a thicker IT than non-somoker group (0.349±0.133mm vs. 0.317±0.084 mm, p=0.022).Patients with dyslipidemia had a thicker IMT, IT and MT than patients without dyslipidemia (0.713±0.207 mm vs. 0.677±0.189 mm, p=0.012; 0.331±0.010 mm vs. 0.309±0.070 mm, p=0.003; 0.419±0.169 mm vs. 0.376±0.147 mm, p=0.002). Patients with high hs-CRP (≥1.0 mg/L) hada thicker IMT, IT and MT than low hs-CRP group (0.730±0.227 mm vs. 0.662±0.170 mm, p=0.002; 0.341±0.113mm vs. 0.303±0.069 mm, p=0.004; 0.447±0.204 mm vs. 0.372±0.135 mm, p=0.002). Also, Older age patients (71.3±7.0 years) had a thicker IMT, IT and MT than young patients (0.770±0.230 mm vs. 0.644±0.177 mm, p<0.001; 0.349±0.120 mm vs. 0.307±0.074 mm, p<0.001; 0.465±0.187 mm vs. 0.365±0.155 mm, p<0.001). Conclusions: Carotid arterial wall response is different to the risk factors. The specific arterial wall should be focused according the specific risk factors in the future study.

한국근로자의 연령, 성, 직종에 따른 체력의 변화와 차이

양동주 대한직업환경의학회 2009 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.43 No.-

근로자에서 인지적 자가훈련 프로그램의 유효성; 예비연구

양동주,양영애,오성일,김승현,김희진 대한치매학회 2010 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.9 No.4

Background: It is well known that cognitive training has been shown to improve cognitive abilities in older adults and patient with dementia but the effect of cognitive training to the office workers with normal cognition and social activities has not been demonstrated. Purposes: The purpose of this study is to know whether the cognitive training improved mental abilities in official workers without any subjective cognitive complaints and this effect of cognitive change were different according to ages. Methods: 110 workers (mean age 43.6±9.8 yr) participated in this study. All participants performed regularly homework as process of cognitive self-training programs. The Korean version of MMSE (K-MMSE), Korean version of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA-K) and Work ability index (WAI) were done to evaluate cognitive improvement after 6 months-cognitive self-training programs. Work ability index was also measured to all participants. Results: Cognitive improvement of calculation, immediate recall, and language after cognitive self-training programs have been observed in K-MMSE, MoCA-K and WAIs in young worker group (<45 yr). This suggested that effectiveness of cognitive training program would be different according to age and type of work. Discussion: Cognitive self program might have beneficial effect on the cognition and work ability of workers, especially younger ages.

Hypothalamic primary cilium: A hub for metabolic homeostasis

양동주,Hong Jessica,Kim Ki Woo 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Obesity is a global health problem that is associated with adverse consequences such as the development of metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and type 2 diabetes. A major cause of obesity is metabolic imbalance, which results from insufficient physical activity and excess energy intake. Understanding the pathogenesis of obesity, as well as other metabolic disorders, is important in the development of methods for prevention and therapy. The coordination of energy balance takes place in the hypothalamus, a major brain region that maintains body homeostasis. The primary cilium is an organelle that has recently received attention because of its role in controlling energy balance in the hypothalamus. Defects in proteins required for ciliary function and formation, both in humans and in mice, have been shown to cause various metabolic disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the critical functions of primary cilia, particularly in hypothalamic areas, and briefly summarize the studies on the primary roles of cilia in specific neurons relating to metabolic homeostasis.

The 1989 Revolution and Political Changes in Poland

양동주(Dongjoo Yang) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 동유럽발칸연구소 2001 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.9 No.-

중-동부 유럽지역에서 일어난 최초의 사회운동 이었으며, 1989년 세계사에 한 획을 그은 1989년의 중-동부유럽 혁명은 폴란드의 자유노조에 의하여 촉발되었다. 세계는 2년 후 공산주의의 몰락과 소련의 붕괴를 목격하였다. 이 혁명적 변화는 그 깊이와 영향력과 광범위함에 있어서 예상된 것 그 이상이었다. 동유럽의 혁명이 성공적으로 끝난 후 각 국가들은 그들의 과거 체제부터 새로운 체제로 이행하기 위하여 정치적, 경제적, 사회적 측면에서 제 구조들의 변화를 격게 되었다. 정치적인 관점에서는 과거의 권위주의적 체제에서 자유선거를 보장하는 서구스타일의 의회민주주의로 변화하였고, 이익집단, 여론 그리고 관료체제와 행정체계에 있어서도 괄목할 만한 변화를 보이게 되었다. 가장 중요한 변화는 경제 관계에서 소유구조가 명확해져, 사유재산이라는 개념이 정착된 데 있다 하겠다. 이 변화들을 겪으면서 이 지역은 대다수 국가들은 변화에 따르는 많은 사회적 비용의 지출을 감내해야 했으며, 인플레이션의 심화, 주요 기관들의 파산, 실업과 구조조정 등의 아픔을 맞보기도 하였다. 변화의 과정은 그리 쉽지 않게 진행되었고, 많은 문제점들과 어려움들이 노정되었다. 그러나 작금의 상황에서 본다면 변화와 개혁을 위한 필요한 과정이었으며, 그 과정을 통하여 그들의 적응력이 더 강해진 측면도 있다. 결론적으로는 이러한 변화의 과정은 결국 이들에게 유익이 될 것이다. 이 논문에서는 이와 같이 역사적 의미를 지니는 1989년의 동유럽 혁명과 폴란드의 변화를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 폴란드가 가지는 지정학적 중요성, 위치, 잠재적 발전 가능성은 이 주제에 대한 폴란드의 중요성을 감소시키지 않는다. 혁명에 대한 일반적인 고찰과 더불어, 폴란드에 의해 견인된 ‘특별한’ 혁명으로서의 의미도 고려해 보았다. 폴란드 혁명의 구조, 동력, 역할, 그리고 향후의 전망까지도 시도되었다.