Visual Metonymy and Its Communicative Functions: With the 2019 Oscar Movie Green Book

Hongwei Liu,Youngju Choi 현대문법학회 2021 현대문법연구 Vol.109 No.-

Hongwei Liu and Youngju Choi. 2021. Visual Metonymy and Its Communicative Functions: With the 2019 Oscar Movie Green Book. Studies in Modern Grammar 109, 63-81. Littlemore (2015) claims that metonymy can perform a wide range of communicative functions in different forms and modes of expressions. This paper examines the visual metonymies observed in Green Book, the 2019 Best Picture Oscar Academy Award-winner, elucidating how the movie integrates its narrative with visual metonymy to express abstract and profound themes. Exploring various types of visual metonymy utilized in this movie, this paper reveals how the visual metonymy contributes to the communication effect of a movie. The paper also demonstrates that analysis of visual metonymy in movies enriches the current research on both visual metonymy and movie studies.

Two Types of Verbs Created with Concrete Nouns

Yoon-kyoung Joh(조윤경),Youngju Choi(최영주) 언어과학회 2017 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.82

Clark and Clark (1979) claim that innovative denominal verbs in English select their meanings uniquely in a given context. However, recently, Choi (2016) suggests that Korean concrete-noun- hata verbs, which correspond to English denominal verbs, possibly select multiple meanings in one context. Adopting the relevance theory of Sperber and Wilson (1986) and Wilson and Sperber (2006), the paper demonstrates that Choi"s suggestion can also be applied to English denominal verbs. This paper also explains why most innovative denominal verbs in English seem to choose a single meaning in a given context. When verbs created with concrete nouns are less stable, they try to maximize cognitive effects by strengthening previously held assumptions and by eliminating false assumptions rather than adding more meanings.

환유 매체 선택의 원리에 작용하는 문화적 상대성과 현저성

최영주 ( Youngju Choi ) 21세기영어영문학회 2023 영어영문학21 Vol.36 No.4

Through the examination of incident(/accident) headline names of Korean and American newspapers, ‘the principles of metonymic vehicle selection’ that Langacker (1993) suggests have been supported in Choi (2020) and Choi (2021). Incidents are named with one or two elements among various elements of an event, such as PLACE, TIME, AGENT, PATIENT, CAUSE, and INSTRUMENT. The studies reveal that AGENT is one of the most frequent metonymic vehicles since agents are, in many cases, humans, confirming the human over non-human principle. Furthermore PLACE is much more frequently used than TIME, confirming the concrete over abstract principle. Based on the previous studies, this paper aims to reveal how cultural and contextual salience interact with the principles of metonymic vehicle selection. Two sets of questionnaires, one for Koreans and the other for Americans, are constructed to see how different headline names are selected based on cultures and on event elements. The result shows that cultural salience heavily influences the choice of event names, overriding the general principle of metonymic vehicle selection

Word-Picture Dynamics in Endings of Fantasy Picturebooks

( Youngju Choi ) 현대영미어문학회 2016 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

RE: Semantic Principles of Predication of Goldberg (1997)

Youngju Choi 21세기영어영문학회 2010 21세기영어영문학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.09

Metonymy in American Sign Language Compounds

Youngju Choi 담화·인지언어학회 2013 담화와 인지 Vol.20 No.3

This paper aims to show that various types of metonymy operate in American Sign Language compounds: PART FOR WHOLE, PROPERTY FOR CATEGORY, HYPONYM FOR HYPERNYM, CAUSE FOR EFFECT, CONTAINED FOR CONTAINER, and much more. The results demonstrate that types of metonymy observed in spoken languages are also observed in American Sign Language, providing cross-modal evidence for word-level metonymy. They support the basic claim of cognitive linguistics that lexicon and grammar, as loci of form and function pairs, do not exist as autonomous modules but form a continuum.

Semantic Comparison between English -er Nominals and Korean -i Nominals

Youngju Choi 담화·인지언어학회 2012 담화와 인지 Vol.19 No.3

Panther and Thornburg (2002) observed that the seemingly heterogeneous -er nominals in English are closely related to each other. Following the lead of Panther and Thornburg (2002), the paper analyses Korean -i suffixation from the cognitive perspective and compares it with English -er suffixation. The Korean -i suffix shows parallel behaviors to the English -er suffix in that they both prototypically mean a human agent and the prototypical meaning is extended to nonhuman agents, to instruments, and even to events. Diverse meanings of -i nominals are shown to be closely related to each other when examined with the analytical tools in cognitive linguistics, just like the meanings of English -er nominals. The comparable behavior of the two different morphemic units in the typologically unrelated languages reveals that there are cross-linguistic similarities in the function of human cognition. The result also shows that metaphor and metonymy work at a word level as well as a sentential level.

The Potentiality for Actuality Metonymy in English and Korean

Youngju Choi 21세기영어영문학회 2013 21세기영어영문학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.09

Psych Verb Constructions and Case Alternation in Korean (/Japanese)

Youngju Choi 한국언어학회 2009 언어 Vol.34 No.4

An experiencer in psych verb constructions in Korean and Japanese is realized either as having dative case or as having nominative case. The case alternation has been regarded as a real alternation, without considering the possibility that the alternation affects syntactic computation. In the paper, on the contrary, I argue that the alternation reflects structural differences. According to Nichols" typology, Korean and Japanese are representative dependent marking languages where dependent markers are abundantly used. What I claim in the paper is that due to the prevalence of the markers, the mode of syntactic combination is different in K/J. Based on the information of the dependent markers, nominals combine, looking for their appropriate predicate (Y. Choi 2007, 2008a, b, 2009). Case markers are the major dependent markers which direct the way for nominals to combine. Thus, the case alternation is predicted to reflect alternation in structural combination. A dative experiencer is predicted to combine with a theme just like a subject in regular transitive constructions. A nominative experiencer is predicted to combine with the theme just like a subject in double subject constructions. The predictions are proved by the parallel behaviors between dative subject psych verb constructions and transitive constructions and between nominative subject psych verb constructions and double subject constructions.

Macro-Micro Type Multiple Accusative Constructions Without Movement or Deletion

Youngju Choi 현대문법학회 2011 현대문법연구 Vol.66 No.-

This paper argues against micro-parametric approaches to Korean macro-micro type multiple accusative constructions. It has been argued that macro-micro type multiple accusative constructions are derived through movement and deletion or through late merge of the second accusative marked nominal. However, the approaches cannot explain case alternation facts when the target construction is combined with -ko siphta. The paper claims that if the construction is explained under the assumption that dependent marking languages like Korean and Japanese use a different mode of syntactic combination from English, the case alternation facts in the ko-siphta construction are readily explained. Dependent marking languages use dependent markers (i.e., case markers) in deriving syntactic derivation and using accusative marked nominals consecutively without having intervening predicates in a sentence is interpreted as a very convenient device for squeezing ideas into one clause without explicitly expressing the relationship between the nominals.