Scaling up Business Development Services Through Incubation Centers

Sunil Chitrakar(Sunil Chitrakar ),Byungdeok Kang(Byungdeok Kang) 적정기술학회 2023 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.9 No.3

Micro, small and community based enterprises needed embedded business development services to start, scale up and sustain a business. This study aimed to proposes a conceptual framework to establish a business incubation center to scale up business development services in Nepal. This paper has used qualitative research that includes (i) interaction with stakeholders, (ii) focus group discussion, and (iii) observation. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyze the contents of the discussion. Key points and quotes were extracted, synthesized. The study suggests a greater need of sustained business development services and incubation model would provide that specially to micro, small and community based enterprises. establishing business incubation center at local level with joint collaboration between local government, academia, professionals and private sectors can provide a sustainable model.

Fully coupled FSI analysis of Francis turbines exposed to sediment erosion

Chitrakar, Sailesh,Cervantes, Michel,Thapa, Biraj Singh Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2014 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.7 No.3

Sediment erosion is one of the key challenges in hydraulic turbines from a design and maintenance perspective in Himalayas. The present study focuses on choosing the best design in terms of blade angle distribution of a Francis turbine runner which has least erosion effect without influencing the efficiency and the structural integrity. A fully coupled Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) analysis was performed through a multi-field solver, which showed that the maximum stress induced in the optimized design for better sediment handling, is less than that induced in the reference design. Some numerical validation techniques have been shown for both CFD and FSI analysis.

Current Status of Marine Pollution and Mitigation Strategies in Arid Region: A Detailed Review

Prerana Chitrakar,Mahad Said Baawain,Ahmad Sana,Abdullah Al-Mamun 한국해양과학기술원 2019 Ocean science journal Vol.54 No.3

Coastal pollution is becoming a significant threat for both marine ecosystems and humans. Marine pollution and coastal degradation are severely exacerbated by anthropogenic activities involving the discharge of industrial and domestic effluents, ballast water and brine wastes, accidental spillage of oil and radioactive wastes, and the modification of coastal structures. Understanding the sources of marine pollution and their possible impacts allows us to measure the current mitigation and conservation strategies aimed at protecting marine ecosystems from further deterioration. This review assessed the status of marine pollution based on the literature with a focus on the sea in arid regions over the last four decades. The review also summarized the degree of contamination of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons that accumulated in marine water, sediments and living organisms. In addition, the review critically suggested several mitigation strategies to alleviate the impacts of such pollutions. The key findings indicated that the oil and gas production and processing industries, desalination industries, sea traffic, urban development, and discharge of treated wastewater and ballast water along with seasonal upwelling, and climate change were the main contributors of marine pollution in these regions including the Sea of Oman. The major identified pollutants were heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, organochlorine, tar, harmful algal blooms, marine debris, non-native species, and sediment that are posing severe threats to marine biodiversity and ecosystems. The occurrence of radionuclides in these regions seems to be smaller compared to the World Ocean because of the insignificant disposal of nuclear waste due to strict law enforcement and monitoring. However, marine litter, micro-plastic, radionuclides, greenhouse gases, and non-point pollutant sources have not been investigated properly. Therefore, efforts to identify the possible sources of pollution, estimate their impacts based on field data and numerical modeling, and understand ocean dynamics with regard to the transportation and deposition of sediments and pollutants need to be undertaken in order to protect the coastal and marine environment and ecosystems. Furthermore, integration of robotic aircraft along with satellite surveillance can be an additional measure deployed for the purposes of monitoring oil spillage, illegal ballast water discharge, harmful algal blooms, and beach utilization.

Fully coupled FSI analysis of Francis turbines exposed to sediment erosion

Sailesh Chitrakar,Michel Cervantes,Biraj Singh Thapa 한국유체기계학회 2014 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.7 No.3

Sediment erosion is one of the key challenges in hydraulic turbines from a design and maintenance perspective in Himalayas. The present study focuses on choosing the best design in terms of blade angle distribution of a Francis turbine runner which has least erosion effect without influencing the efficiency and the structural integrity. A fully coupled Fluid-Structure-Interaction (FSI) analysis was performed through a multi-field solver, which showed that the maximum stress induced in the optimized design for better sediment handling, is less than that induced in the reference design. Some numerical validation techniques have been shown for both CFD and FSI analysis.

Numerical and experimental study of the leakage flow in guide vanes with different hydrofoils

Sailesh Chitrakar,Biraj Singh Thapa,Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug,Hari Prasad Neopane 한국CDE학회 2017 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.4 No.3

Clearance gaps between guide vanes and cover plates of Francis turbines tend to increase in size due to simultaneous effect of secondary flow and erosion in sediment affected hydropower plants. The pressure difference between the two sides of the guide vane induces leakage flow through the gap. This flow enters into the suction side with high acceleration, disturbing the primary flow and causing more erosion and losses in downstream turbine components. A cascade rig containing a single guide vane passage has been built to study the effect of the clearance gap using pressure sensors and PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. This study focuses on developing a numerical model of the test rig, validating the results with experiments and investigating the behavior of leakage flow numerically. It was observed from both CFD and experiment that the leakage flow forms a passage vortex, which shifts away from the wall while travelling downstream. The streamlines contributing to the formation of this vortex have been discussed. Furthermore, the reference guide vane with symmetrical hydrofoil has been compared with four cambered profiles, in terms of the guide vane loading and the consequent effect on the leakage flow. A dimensionless term called Leakage Flow Factor (Lff) has been introduced to compare the performances of hydrofoils. It is shown that the leakage flow and its effect on increasing losses and erosion can be minimized by changing the pressure distribution over the guide vane.

TURBINE TESTING LAB, NEPAL – ACHIEVEMENTS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Sailesh Chitrakar,Hari Prasad NEOPANE,Young Ho LEE 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 AFORE Vol.2017 No.11

RECENT FINDINGS RELATED TO SEDIMENT EROSION IN FRANCIS TURBINES

Sailesh Chitrakar,Hari Prasad NEOPANE,Gunnar Dahlhaug 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 AFORE Vol.2017 No.11

서비스 산업의 네팔 경제에 대한 기여도

( Ramesh C Chitrakar ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2014 지역개발연구 Vol.46 No.1

네팔 경제에서 서비스 산업의 중요도는 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 다른 국가들과 마찬가지로, 서비스 산업은 국내 총 생산, 고용, 국제 무역, 외국인 투자 등에서 큰 비중을 차지한다. 본 연구는 위에 언급한 다양한 네팔의 경제 지표들에 대한 서비스산업의 역할을 분석했다. 또한 본 연구는 네팔의 빈곤 감퇴와 고용 창출, 그리고 성장과 개발에 대한 역할을 분석했다. 본 연구는 국가 발표 자료와 국제 발표 자료에 기초해서 진행되었다. 국내 총 생산에 대한 1차, 2차 3차 서비스 산업의 기여도는 각각 35.3%, 14.4%, 그리고 50.3%이며 이 기여도 총합은 국내 총 생산의 50%를 상회하는 수치이다. 건설 산업은 WTO 분류에 따라 서비스 산업에 포함되지 않았다. 관광 산업에서도 호텔 숙박업과 요식업만 포함되어 과소 추정되었다고 할 수 있다. 서비스 무역 산업에 대해서는, 네팔의 서비스 산업은 2004년까지는 수출이 수입을 초과하였으며, 2005년부터 2010년까지는 반대의 상황이 발생했으나 다시 2011년부터 개선되었다. 서비스 산업에 의해 네팔의 최대 수출 산업은 여행 산업이고 그 뒤를 통신과 타 산업 수출이 뒤를 잇고 있다. 수입에서도 역시 여행 산업이 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 수송 서비스가 그 다음을 잇고 있다. 네팔의 서비스 무역은 재화 무역보다 훨씬 더 균형을 보이고 있다. 서비스 산업의 중요성에도 불구하고, 서비스 산업에는 몇 가지 장벽이 있다. 국내서비스 산업에 대한 규제가 심각한 것으로 드러났다. 그리고 많은 고려해야 할 교차이슈들이 존재한다. 서비스 산업의 기여는 이러한 장벽들이 제거될 때 더 개선될 수 있을 것이다. The importance of service sector in Nepal has increased over the years. The sector, as in other countries, has emerged as a major contributor to GDP, employment, international trade, foreign investment and also balance of payments. The present article examines and analyses the role the service sector is playing in the development of Nepal in terms these various indicators mentioned above. The article also examines the role of the sector in terms of poverty reduction, employment generation and growth and development of the country. The article is based on the review of literatures available nationally and internationally. The data source is derived both through printed source and internet search. The study found a gradual change in the economic structure of Nepal. The contribution of primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors stood at 35.3 percent, 14.4 percent, and 50.3 percent respectively which has clearly shown the contribution to GDP exceeding 50 percent. The construction sector is not kept under service sector though the WTO classification has. In tourism also, only the contribution of hotels and restaurants is included implying the under estimation of this sector. In terms of contribution to trade, Nepal`s services exports exceeded imports until 2004 with a reverse situation for 2005 to 2010, but improved again from 2011 onwards. By services categories, the country`s highest export is in travel followed by export of communication and other business services. In imports, highest import is travel, followed by transport services. Nepal`s service trade is found to be more balanced than commodity trade. The labour service (‘remittance’) has remained important in Nepal`s export basket. Nepal has been in positive balance of payments due in no small part by the fast-growing remittances of temporary Nepalese migrant. In terms of the service sector contribution to industrial development, majority of industries obtaining license from the GoN are service oriented though the government`s classification is not as per international practice. Foreign investment in Nepal is also contributing in terms of employment in the country; with an employment of 106 services oriented and 64 tourism firms in the FY 2011/12. The employment contribution of these two services sectors is 5662 persons out of the total employment of 9050 generated by foreign investment. In spite of the importance of the service sector, there are some barriers to service sector. The domestic service legislation and regulations are found to be most critical. There are also a number of cross-cutting issues. The contribution of the service sector could be improved if such barriers can be removed.

Female Edcuation in Nepal

Purna Shova Chitrakar 숙명여자대학교 아세아여성문제연구소 1996 Asian Women Vol.3 No.-

Female Education in Nepal

Purna Shova Chitrakar 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 1996 Asian Women Vol.3 No.-