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Shim, Hyun Geun,Jang, Sung-Soo,Jang, Dong Cheol,Jin, Yunju,Chang, Wonseok,Park, Joo Min,Kim, Sang Jeong American Physiological Society 2016 Journal of neurophysiology Vol. No.
<P>Homeostatic intrinsic plasticity is a cellular mechanism for maintaining a stable neuronal activity level in response to developmental or activity-dependent changes. Type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu(1) receptor) has been widely known to monitor neuronal activity, which plays a role as a modulator of intrinsic and synaptic plasticity of neurons. Whether mGlu(1) receptor contributes to the compensatory adjustment of Purkinje cells (PCs), the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, in response to chronic changes in excitability remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the mGlu(1) receptor is involved in homeostatic intrinsic plasticity through the upregulation of the hyperpolarization-activated current (I-h) in cerebellar PCs. This plasticity was prevented by inhibiting the mGlu(1) receptor with Bay 36-7620, an mGlu(1) receptor inverse agonist, but not with CPCCOEt, a neutral antagonist. Chronic inactivation with tetrodotoxin (TTX) increased the components of I-h in the PCs, and ZD 7288, a hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel selective inhibitor, fully restored reduction of firing rates in the deprived neurons. The homeostatic elevation of I-h was also prevented by BAY 36-7620, but not CPCCOEt. Furthermore, KT 5720, a blocker of protein kinase A (PKA), prevented the effect of TTX reducing the evoked firing rates, indicating the reduction in excitability of PCs due to PKA activation. Our study shows that both the mGlu(1) receptor and the PKA pathway are involved in the homeostatic intrinsic plasticity of PCs after chronic blockade of the network activity, which provides a novel understanding on how cerebellar PCs can preserve the homeostatic state under activity-deprived conditions.</P>
대형마트의 재무비율 분석을 통한 소비패턴 변화 연구 : 홈플러스와 코스트코의 재무제표 비교를 중심으로
이창근(Chang Geun Lee),강원석(Wonseok Kang) 한국외국어대학교 지식출판콘텐츠원 글로벌경영연구소 2019 글로벌경영연구 = Journal of global business research Vol.31 No.1
본 연구는 대형마트의 급성장으로 인한 소매업의 변화가 소비자의 소비문화 및 패턴 변화와 어떤 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 창고형 대형마트와 백화점식 대형마트의 기간별 총 매출액 상승을 분석한 결과 2010년 이후 코스트코로 대표되는 창고형 대형마트의 매출액은 지속적으로 증가하는 반면, 홈플러스로 대표되는 백화점 마트 형식의 대형마트는 매출액이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 기업의 객관적인 경영성과를 포함하는 재무제표 및 재무비율 분석을 통해 창고형 대형마트가 매출액뿐만 아니라 수익성, 성장성 등의 항목에서 더 양호한 실적을 내는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 최근 소비자의 시장요구를 반영하고 있는 소비문화 패턴변화와 관련이 있다. 세계적 경제 침체에 의한 소비심리 위축, 여성 운전자의 증가 등 다양한 시장변화에 대해 기업은 더욱 빠르게 대처해야 한다. 경제, 기술, 사회, 문화, 윤리 등 조직에 영향을 미치는 다양한 환경요인들 뿐만 아니라 과학기술의 발전에도 대비하여 시장 변화에 따른 미래 전략을 구축하는 자세를 갖춤으로써 기업은 지속가능한 성장을 이룩할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the changes in the retail industry caused by the rapid growth of large stores. As a result of analyzing the total sales growth of warehouse type large stores and department store type large marts, the sales of warehouse type marts, which are represented by Costco since 2010, are steadily increasing, while the sales of department store type marts represented by Home Plus showed a tendency to decrease in sales. The analysis of financial statements and financial ratios, including objective management performance of companies, showed that warehouse type large-scale marts perform better in terms of sales, profitability, growth, etc. It is meaningful that this reflects recent consumers’ demand in terms of changes in the pattern of consumption culture. Companies now need to respond more quickly to various market changes such as a shrinking of consumer confidence caused by the global economic downturn and an increase in female drivers. In addition to various environmental factors influencing the organization such as economy, technology, society, culture, ethics, etc., companies can establish sustainable growth by building a future strategy based on market changes in preparation for the development of science and technology.
Chang Wonseok,김유라,Park Hye Jin 한국의학교육학회 2024 Korean journal of medical education Vol.36 No.1
Purpose: Although interest in various forms of learning media is increasing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic there is relatively little research on influencing student motivation by intervening in cognitive processing. The purpose of this study was to present the optimal form of learning materials provided to medical students.Methods: This study provided learning materials in class at a level according to social cues (script, video [artificial intelligence (AI) voice], video [professor voice]) based on the principle of voices among the principles of personalization, voices, image, and embodiment of social cues in multimedia learning, and surveyed students’ opinions.Results: There was no statistically significant difference according to social clues in satisfaction and learning help, but both appeared in the order of silent videos containing the professor’s voice, followed by videos containing the AI voice.Conclusion: This study is significant in that there is no research on the impact of student motivation on the provision of learning materials for medical school education in Korea, and we hope that it will help provide learning materials for self-directed learning of medical students in the post-COVID-19.
TRPC-Mediated Current Is Not Involved in Endocannabinoid-Induced Short-Term Depression in Cerebellum
Wonseok Chang,김전,김상정 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.2
It has been reported that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) can mediate endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression of synaptic transmission in cerebellar parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapse. mGluR1 has signaling pathways involved in intracellular calcium increase which may contribute to endocannabinoid release. Two major mGluR1-evoked calcium signaling pathways are known: (1) slow-kinetic inward current carried by transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel which is permeable to Ca2+; (2) IP3-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium store. However, it is unclear how much each calcium source contributes to endocannabinoid signaling. Here, we investigated whether calcium influx through mGluR1-evoked TRPC channel contributes to endocannabinoid signaling in cerebellar Purkinje cells. At first, we applied SKF96365 to inhibit TRPC, which blocked endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression completely. However, an alternative TRP channel inhibitor, BTP2 did not affect endocannabinoid-induced short-term depression although it blocked mGluR1-evoked TRPC currents. Endocannabinoid signaling occurred normally even though the TRPC current was mostly blocked by BTP2. Our data imply that TRPC current does not play an important role in endocannabinoid signaling. We also suggest precaution in applying SKF96365 to inhibit TRP channels and propose BTP2 as an alternative TRPC inhibitor.
장원석(Wonseok Chang),최무진(Moojin Choi),김재구(Jaegu Kim),조성학(Sunghak Cho),황경현(Kyunghyun Whang) 대한기계학회 2003 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2003 No.11
Self-Assembled Monolayers(SAMs) by alkanethiol adsorption to thin metal film are widely being investigated for applications as molecular recognition, selective binding of enzyme to surfaces, coating layer for corrosion protections or friction reduction and in fabrication of micro structure of bio molecular. In this study, standard positive photoresist techniques were adapted to generate micro/nano patterns of gold film using SAMs and femtosecond laser (200fs). SAMs formed by the adsorption of alkanethiols onto gold substrate with 100㎚ thickness are employed as very thin photoresist. We present the fabrication of thin film that has heterostructure of two different kinds of thiol by maskless laser patterning of organic SAMs. And this method also extend to nanoscale patterning using near-field scanning optical microscopy coupled with femtosecond laser.
장원석,박대원 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.4
본 연구는 고부하 하천·호소에 대해 고효율·고속으로 처리할 수 있고 유량변동에 충분히 대처 가능한 콤팩트한 처리시스템에 관한 것이다. 연구결과로 기존정화법의 처리한계(BOD=20-30㎎/L)보다 10배 이상의 부하에서도 높은 처리효율(COD제거율 83%, SS제거율 :95%, 총인 제거율:98%, 색도 제거율:92%)을 보이며 빠르게(15분-30분) 처리하고, 콤팩트한 시스템(기본의 1/5공간소요)으로 처리비용을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 폐기되는 제철슬래그를 특수가공한 수처리제로 처리를 행함으로 자원을 재활용하고 더 나아가 고부가가치 상품으로 활용할 수 있는 시스템이다.
Chang Jong-In,Kim Jung Hee,Sinn Dong Hyun,Cho Ju-Yeon,Kim Kwang Min,Oh Joo Hyun,Park Yewan,Sohn Won,Goh Myung Ji,Kang Wonseok,Gwak Geum-Youn,Paik Yong-Han,Choi Moon Seok,Lee Joon Hyeok,Koh Kwang Cheol 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.4
Background/Aims: The ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) response score (URS) was developed to identify poor responders to UDCA before treatment, in order to offer timely and proactive intervention. However, validation of the URS in Asian population is warranted. Methods: A total of 173 Asian patients diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) between 2007 and 2016 at seven academic institutions in Korea who started UDCA treatment were analyzed to validate the performance of URS. UDCA response was defined as an alkaline phosphatase level less than 1.67 times the upper limit of normal after 1-year of UDCA treatment. In addition, prognostic performance of URS for liver-related events, defined as newly developed hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma was evaluated. Results: After 1 year of UDCA treatment, 133 patients (76.9%) achieved UDCA response. UDCA response rate was 98.7% for those with URS ≥1.41 (n=76) and 58.8% for those with URS <1.41 (n=97). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of URS in predicting UDCA response was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.88). During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, liver-related events developed in 18 patients (10.4%). Among 117 patients with PBC stage I-III by histological evaluation, the 5-year liver-related event-free survival rate differed according to the URS; 100% for URS ≥1.41 and 86.5% for URS <1.41 (p=0.005). Conclusions: URS demonstrated good performance in predicting a UDCA treatment response in Asian PBC patients. In addition, the risk of liver-related events differed according to the URS for the PBC stage. Thus, URS can be used to predict the response and clinical outcome in patients with PBC.