포항 중성리신라비에 대한 연구의 현황과 시사점

이부오(Lee, Bu-o) 한국고대사탐구학회 2014 한국고대사탐구 Vol.16 No.-

이 글은 포항 중성리신라비의 쟁점을 점검하고 이것이 신라사 연구에서 가지는 의미를 밝히는 데 목적을 두었다. 중성리비에서 Ⅵ·Ⅷ행 상단에는 1글자 정도가 탈락되었을 가능성이 있다. 필획의 변이가 큰 글자의 판독에서는 필획과 함께 전후 맥락이 중시되어야 한다. ‘喙’은 喙沙利에서는 인명으로 쓰였고, 牟旦伐喙과 ?波喙에서는 부명에 연결되었다. 경주 중심부의 근거지를 가리켰던 喙은 모단벌탁·본파탁에 이어 여타 부로 확산되었다. 중성리비는 그 과정을 보여준다. 干群 京位는 탁부·사탁부를 중심으로 편성되었는데, 501년 이전의 모단벌탁에서는 伊干支와 沙干支가 임명되었다. 이들은 아간지, 일간지, 급벌간지와 함께 마립간을 보위했다. 여타 부에서는 간지 이하의 자치적 위호가 율령 반포 직후까지 별도로 운영되었다. 경위체제 하에서도 6부의 업무에 참여하는 무관등자가 가계집단의 자치적 위계를 바탕으로 공적 역할을 담당했다. 일벌은 부·촌 간지의 최고 보위자에서 유래했다. 비문 서두의 敎는 뒤에 제시된 절차의 근거로서 제시되었다. ‘白’은 분쟁사안에 대해 사뢰었던 실무적 보고이다. ‘云’은 교의 근거가 되었던 진술이다. Ⅶ행의 令은 敎令과 혼용되었는데 , 보완적 敎에 가까운 敎令보다 등급이 떨어졌다. 영은 6부 차원과 道使 차원에서 다양한 형태로 내려졌다. ‘部’는 Ⅰ행의 ‘지절로’ 앞에서도 관칭되었을 가능성이 있다. 6부의 편성 시기는 자비마립간 12년 이전으로 올라간다. 마립간은 경위자와 간지 등의 보위를 받아 신라 6부를 대표하는 존재가 되었다. 마립간 출현 기사는 그 점진적 과정을 내포한다. This paper aims to examine issues related to the Pohang Jungseong-ri Silla-stele, and to explain the meaning of this at the study of history of Silla. It may have disappeared about an letter at the first space of the 6th·8th vertical line. It should be important to pay attention to the context of the front and back at the reading letters which have great variation in stroke. Tak(喙) was used as the name of the person at Taksari (喙沙利), and as the name of Bu(部) at Modanbeoltak(牟旦伐喙) and Bonpatak(?波喙). Tak pointed out the center of Gyeongju originally, after all Modanbeoltak and Bonpatak, further more other Bu. The people of Takbu(喙部) and Satakbu(喙沙部) was appointed Gan-series Gyeongwi(京位) originally. But the people of Modanbeoltak was also appointed Gan-series one after A.D.501 at least. The autonomous title which belonged to Ganzi(干支) had been maintained on their own by immediately after the time when the nation announced its Yulrung(律令) in other Bu(部). On the other hand, the people of no official rank carried out official work formally for 6-Bu(六部) on the basis of autonomous hierarchy of his family. Gyo(敎) was presented in the Jungseong-ri Silla-stele as the basis of the procedure followed. ‘Baek’(白) was practical report related to the litigation. ‘Woon(云)’ was a statement which was the basis for Gyo(敎). Ryoung(令) of the 7th vertical line was in a lower grade than Gyoryoung(敎令). Ryoung was presented as various forms by 6-Bu as well as by Dosa(道使). ‘Bu’ may had been recorded before ‘Zicheollo(只折盧)’ of the first vertical line. 6-Bu had its origin before 12th years of Zabea-Maripgan(慈悲麻立干) at least. Maripgan represented 6-Bu being assisted by Gyeongwi and Ganzi(干支). The Maripgan"s status recorded in Samguksagi was the result of gradual change described above.

The gap between expectations and reality: integrating computers into mathematics classrooms

Bu¨ lent Gu¨ven 서울대학교 교육연구소 2009 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.10 No.4

As a result of dramatic changes in mathematics education around the world, in Turkey both elementary and secondary school mathematics curriculums have changed in the light of new demands since 2005. In order to perform the expected change in newly developed curriculum, computer should be integrated into learning and teaching process. Teachers' beliefs play a key role in this integration process. Negative beliefs against using computer in mathematics teaching may lead to failure of this process. With the help of this study, it is aimed to detect mathematics teachers' beliefs concerning Computer Assisted Mathematics Instruction (CAMI). Within the scope of this aim, the conducted questionnaire (The opinions of teachers about using computer in Mathematics Instruction) has been carried out on 91 mathematics teachers in the city of Trabzon. The acquired results have shown that mathematics teachers have developed negative opinions against CAMI. This state has revealed that there is a huge inconsistency between curriculum's positive expectations arising from computer usage and teachers' convictions.

Anesthetic management for dental surgery in a child with glycogen storage disease type IIIa: a case report

Buğra Aykenar,Nedim Çekmen 대한치과마취과학회 2022 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.22 No.6

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a group of inherited disorders, which result in the deficiency of enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism, leading to an accumulation of glycogen in various organs. Deficiency of amylo-1-6-glicosidase (debranching enzyme) causes glycogen storage disease type III (GSD III). The main problems that anesthesiologists face in patients with GSD III include hypoglycemia, muscle weakness, delayed awakening due to abnormal liver function, possible difficulty in airway, and cardiomyopathy. In the face of these difficulties, airway preparation and appropriate glucose monitoring and support during the fasting period are important. The doses of the drugs to be used should be calculated considering the increased volume of distribution and decreased metabolic activity of the liver. We present the case of a child with GSD IIIa who underwent dental prosedation under general anesthesia. She was also being prepared for liver transplantation. This case was additionally complicated by the patient’s serious allergic reaction to eggs and milk.

A rare case of shingles after COVID-19 vaccine: is it a possible adverse effect?

Saliha Buşra Aksu,Güzin Zeren Öztürk 대한백신학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.10 No.2

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit mild to moderate symptoms, whereas 15% of COVID-19 cases progress to pneumonia, some associated cutaneous findings are also reported as maculopapular eruptions, morbilliform rashes, urticaria, chickenpox-like lesions, and livedo reticularis. The inactivated COVID‐19 vaccines are authorized for use in some countries including Turkey. Here, we report an unusual case of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation in a 68-year-old male patient who was vaccinated against COVID-19. The patient presented to family medicine clinic with a stinging sensation and pain radiating from the right side of his chest to his back. Physical examination revealed multiple pinheaded vesicular lesions upon an erythematous base occupying an area on his right mammary region and back corresponding to T3–T5 dermatomes. He reported that he got his second dose of COVID-19 vaccine 5 days ago. As COVID 19 decreases the cell-mediated immunity, it could also increase the risk of herpes zoster (HZ). Although the exact reason remains unsolved, vaccine-induced immunomodulation caused by live attenuated vaccines and attenuated alloreactivity caused by inactivated vaccines may be responsible mechanisms for the reactivation of HZ. Epidemiological studies are needed to clarify the possible connection between vaccination and reactivation of herpesvirus infections.

Multimodality Imaging of Large Left Ventricular Apical Pseudoaneurysm after Thoracic Surgery

Mahmut Buğrahan Çiçek,Ahmet Karaduman,İsmail Balaban,Alev Kılıçgedik,Cevat Kırma 대한심장학회 2020 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.50 No.9

N

망간과 코발트 혼합산화물의 전해방법 및 활성도에 관한 연구

康富夫,金德默 단국대학교 대학원 1988 學術論叢 Vol.12 No.-

Mixed oxides containing cobalt oxides in electrolitic manganese dioxide have been prepared by on electrochemical process on titanium anode and cathode with manganes nitrate and cobalt nitrate solution. These oxides have been prepared in various electrolysis conditions current density, bath temperature, and Mixing Ratio. According to there results, current efficiency was excellent in low current density and high bath temperature, and there mixed oxides were superior to IC Sample Activity percentage value of these oxides has heigher value than one of IC Sample. By X-ray diffraction pattern, when low current density, crystal structure is homogeneous and discharge capacity is excellent.

망간전지의 방전 메카니즘에 관한 연구

金德默,康富夫 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The discharge reaction mechanism of the Leclanche cells was studied. The cell were discharged through flash light continuously. Discharge products were examined by chenical analysis and X-Ray diffraction. The discharge reaction product was MnOOH in a homogeneous solid-phase reaction. The X-Ray diffraction evidence on the single phase reduction of MnO^2 to MnOOH were presented. The products of these discharge reactions will be dependent on the kinds of Manganese Dioxide, electrloytes, potentials, and depth of discharge.

아산일부지역에 있어서의 NO₂개인 피폭량에 미치는 각종 생활공간의 영향

손부순 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Personal exposure levels of NO₂for office workers and housewives living in A-San and neighboring prefectures were measured in two seasons with NO₂filter badge. NO₂concentrations in indoor and outdoor air in their offices and houses were also measured in the same periods. Personal exposure levels in winter ranged from 13 to 132 ppb and its distribution pattern was remarkably different from the other seasons (15.2-17.9 ppb). This fact suggests that use of heating appratus affects largely NO₂indoor air pollution in winter seasons. Actually, NO₂exposure levels of subjects used Kerosene heater (43.6ppb) and gas heater (33.4ppb) were higher than those of subjects unused heating apparatus (18.0ppb). Personal exposure levels of NO₂for man and woman living in the same houses were correlated well each other. The time spent indoors for office workers and housewives were both longer than 22 hour a day. Home staying time was about 60% of total indoor staying time for office workers and 90% or more for housewives. Personal exposure levels were significantly related to indoor exposure levels at home all seasons. Furthermore, personal exposure levels could be estimated from NO₂concentrations and staying times in various living environment.

日本腦炎 豫防에 對한 考察

金溥榮 서울大學校保健大學院 1972 公衆保健雜誌 Vol.9 No.2

In order to study problems involved in the prevention of Japanese Encephlitis, comprehensive analysis was conducted of research reports on Japanese Encephalitis and control of this disease dated from 1945 to the present. As a result, the following conclusion has been reached: 1) During the 12-year period from 1955 to 1966, the highest incidence rate of 18.5 per population of 100,000 was marked by North Jeolla Province. The second highest rates were recorded by Pusan City where showed an incidence rate of 12.5, South Jeolla Province showed on incidence rate of 8.9 and South Kyungsang Province showed an incidence rate of 5.3. High incidence rate were thus noted in Jeolla and Kyundsang Provinces. 2) During the 12-year period from 1955 to 1966, the age group of 5 to 9 years showed the highest incidence rate of 24.9, the second highest incidence rate of 14.1 was indicated by the age group of 0 to 4 years, and the third highest rate of 10.0 by the age group of 10 to 14 years. Thus, the age groups ranging from 0 to 14 years showed high incidence rates while incidence rates were remarkably lower in other age groups. As a whole, however, Japanese Encephalitis indicated a high fatalith rate of 33.1 percent, no significant differences were noted of fatality rate among different age groups. 3) Culex tritaeniorhynchus, the vector of Japanese Encephalitis, sucks blood from pigs in viremia condition and transfers it to human beings and other pigs. In August, when the propotion of C. t. was the highest at 55.2 percent of all the collected, Sentinel pigs were infected 100 percent. The disease began to spread among human beings from this month to reach a peak spread during September. 4) According to the results of field experiments on Japanese Encephalitis vaccine of Japanese products in 1967, the H-I posisitive rate reached 99 percent. However, Korean products of Japanese Encephalitis vaccine showed a low H-I positive rate of 75 percent. 5) In 1968, 5 million was first earmarked in budget for control of Japanese Encephalitis. In 1972, the budget amounted to 15 million, up. 300 percent over the 1968 budget. However, this increase was generally comparable to the overall increase rate of the budget of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs as a whole. 6) Agencies controlling Japanese Encephalitis are the Public Health section of the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs which conducts administrative affairs, the Department of Virology in the National Institute of Health and the Charge of Virology in the Institute of Veterinary Research which conduct research activities, and 192 Health Centers which conduct epidemic control activities, However, adequate coordination is not maintained among different agencies.

室內에 있어서 가스器具의 使用時間과 室素酸化物 曝露濃度와의 關連에 관한 硏究

손부순 순천향대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.15 No.3

實驗室에서 窒素酸化物 曝露濃度의 連續測定과 燃燒器具의 使用等, 生活行動時間 記錄을 實施하여, 相互關連을 統計的으로 分析하고, 그 結果로 부터 一般住民을 對象으로 한 生活行動時間 調査에의한 窒素酸化物 曝露量 評價의 可能性을 檢討하여, 다음과 같은 知見을 얻었다. (1)NO₂曝露量에 관해서는, 가스스토브 使用時間과의 相關이 높았고 NO₂曝露濃度 豫測에 대한 寄與도 가장 컸다. (2)가스곤로 使用時間은, 가스곤로에서의 窒素酸化物 發生量 크기에 비해, NO₂曝露農度 豫測에 대한 寄與가 적고 燃素器具에서의 窒素酸化物 發生과 거리에 동반된 曝露와의 關係는 燃燒器具의 使用狀況등에 影響을 받는것이 示唆 되었다. (3)NO曝露濃度는 가스곤로 가스스토브 使用時間과의 相關이 적었고 生活시間에 의한 曝露濃度豫側 은 困難했다. 따라서 生活行動個査에 의한 窒素酸化物 曝露量 評價를 考慮한 경우에는 NO와NO₂는 다른 시도가 必要하다고 생각된다. (4)生活行動時間에 의한 窒素酸化物 曝露量 評價의 誤差를 적게하고, 편견을 방지하기 위해서는, 個人모니터링 方法등을 倂用할 必要가 있다고 생각된다. ( ※이 論文은 東京都의 硏究지원을 받을 것으로, 東京大學 在學時 硏究 한 Data의 一部를 정리해 發表한 것이다.) We recorded the Livelihood time under the circumstances, those ate: using gas cooking burner and gas stove going out and in the experiment room and to ventilate by opening the window. While taking these time recordings, the dose of exopsure for nitrogen oxides (NO) to volunteer was continuously measured by the chemiluminescent NO/NO₂analyzer. In order to investigate the relationship between each activity and the exposure dose of ??, we applied statistical methods such as multiple regression analysis. After that we tried to consider the possibility of evaluating the exposure dose of ?? for general population based on daily activities by means of time budget survey. The results were as follows; (1)The statistically significant correlation was observed between the time of using gas stove and NO₂concentration (daily average), and ti also had the highest contribution ratio for predicting the dose of exposure for NO₂by muliple regression analysis. (2)The time using gas cooking burner was not markedly related to the does of exopsure for ?? (daily average), contrary to the amount of NO production. (3)It seemed difficult to predict the dose of exposure for NO by multiple regression analysis when independent variable was the time spent under each activity. (4)In order that different approach should be necessary to evaluate the dose of exposure for NO from the way which can be used in evaluating NO₂exposure, the most suggestive way to predict the dose of exposure successfully should be using a personal monitor along with methods above noted.