Practice of Ethnobotanical Plants for the Treatment of Jaundice among Tharu Tribe of Far Western Nepal

( Pragya Bhatt ),( Madhusudan Subedi ),( Rajendra Dev Bhatt ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Ethnomedicine is a system of therapy using natural agents and their derivatives to treat ailments by the ethnic communities. This study was aimed to analyze and record the knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants for treating liver disorders among tharu tribe of far western Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted in ten Tharu Tribe inhabited villages of Kanchanpur district of Far West Nepal. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), ‘Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were employed to collect data from four Guruwas, the main traditional healer, as key informants, some knowledgeable persons, (but not Guruwas) as informants and some youths in Tharu tribes, categorizing them into three groups. The information shared was further discussed among all three groups. Results: This study enumerated an encouraging data of 39 plant species being used for the treatment of liver and related diseases by tharu community. Out of these, 9 plant species (8 families) were solely used for jaundice and biliary ailments.33 other plant species were also recorded for being used to cure digestive system related disorders which might be related to liver diseases.Fresh plants and their parts including leaves (maximum used), barks, fruits, flowers, roots, rhizome and latex in the form of juice, powder, decoction, and paste and pulverized were used and administered by oral route. Some dietary restrictions (no alcohol, less oil etc.) were also made during medication. Consult the Guruwas for traditional healing was found to be the first choice for jaundice in the selected community. Around 43% jaundiced get well with traditional treatment while rest of the patients visited hospitals. Conclusions: A proper documentation and further elaborated research for ethnomedicinal plant being used by this tribal people is essential to understand the mechanism of action of these plants for jaundice and other liver diseases.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Kinetic Behaviorof Essential Oil from Artemisia vulgaris

Bhatt, Lok Ranjan,Kang, Jeong-Il,Baek, Seung-Hwa The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The radical scavenging activity of Artemisia vulgaris essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay in this study. Essential oil exhibited a significant free radical scavenging activity, with the highest activity at 15 ${\mu}$L/mL concentration. The reaction rate was slow and concentration-dependent

Electrocatalytic property of water oxidation reaction depends on charging state of intermediates on Ag-M (M = Fe, co, Ni, Cu) in alkaline media

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Geunsik,Lee, Jae Sung,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2019 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.44 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>DFT calculations are performed to investigate the water oxidation reaction intermediates on Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters in alkaline media both in the gas and solution (water) phases in the neutral and charged states. The calculated results revealed that the neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters because of weakly bonded water oxidation reaction intermediates. In addition, the calculated structural parameters of the water oxidation intermediates with Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) clusters revealed that M-OH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. Conclusively, Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer, which is consistent with results on larger Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M clusters (13 atoms) and periodic Ag-M nanoalloys due to weaker binding energies of the water oxidation intermediates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>M (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu), and Pt<SUB>3</SUB> clusters were considered as electro-catalysts for OER. </LI> <LI> Neutral and anionic clusters were found to be more suitable catalysts than cationic clusters. </LI> <LI> MOH bond strengths are found to be in the order of Cu < Ni < Co < Fe. </LI> <LI> Ag<SUB>2</SUB>Cu cluster was determined to be the best electrocatalyst regarding oxygen evolution reaction via 4e transfer. </LI> </UL> </P>

GENERALIZED UNITS: THE POINT-LIKE SETS

Bhatt, Piyush,Singh, Darshan Department of Mathematics 1982 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.22 No.1

Replacement of Soyflakes with Cottonseed Meal in Diets of Angora Rabbits

Bhatt, R.S.,Sharma, S.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.8

This experiment was conducted with 30 adult wool producing Angora rabbits of either sex, to evaluate the effect of replacing soyflakes (SF), on equal protein basis, with low gossypol containing cottonseed meal (CSM) either alone or in combination with lysine and methionine; on the biological performance, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing, wool characteristics and mortality. Three experimental mash diets were prepared by incorporating SF (6%) as standard / control protein source $(T_1)$ and CSM (9%) as test protein source ($T_2$ and $T_3$). In $T_3$, amino acids-lysine and methionine (0.1 % each) were added. Animals were given the experimental diets about $150g{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1}$, for a period of 225 d or three shearing, and ad libitum Kudzu-vines. No significant effect of $T_2$ or $T_3$, on the body weight gain, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing and wool characteristics, was observed compared to $T_1$. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibers, ether extract, acid detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, cellulose and hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.05) depressed in CSM based diets. Mortality of about 20% was recorded in $T_2$ and $T_3$, but not related to the addition of CSM or gossypol toxicity. More studies are needed to standardize the safe level of CSM, duration of safe feeding of CSM, and level of amino acids supplementation in CSM based diets.

High capacity conversion anodes in Li-ion batteries: A review

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2019 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.44 No.21

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structures and properties of high capacity conversion electrodes are key factors as these undergo successive lithium insertion and conversion during an electrochemical process in the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The invention of alloying, conversion and displacement reactions seem to be crucial for reversible intercalation/de-intercalation of more than one Li during the metal redox oxidation state to achieve the high capacity with the electrode of modern lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the exploration of new electrode materials is necessary based on the conversion or displacement concept and their potential applications. In addition, most of the electrode materials were selected on the basis of not only capacity, voltage and volume change of bulk, but it is also important to consider point defects, surface and interface properties, nano-size effects and metal-mixtures theoretically to meet their requirements of practical applications. In this review, we overview the development of recent conversion electrodes for their better performance experimentally and theoretically with key issues, challenges and future directions in this rapidly developing field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High capacity conversion anodes for Li-ion batteries are thoroughly reviewed. </LI> <LI> The invention of alloying is crucial for high capacity conversion anodes. </LI> <LI> The reversible capacity can be increased by applying nano- and hybrid-architectures. </LI> <LI> Theoretical studies on mechanisms of the conversion reactions have been reviewed. </LI> </UL> </P>

Application of Response Surface Methodology and Plackett Burman Design assisted with Support Vector Machine for the Optimization of Nitrilase Production by Bacillus subtilis AGAB-2

Bhatt Ashish,Prajapati Darshankumar,Gupte Akshaya 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Nitrilases are a hydrolase group of enzymes that catalyzes nitrile compounds and produce industrially important organic acids. The current objective is to optimize nitrilase production using statistical methods assisted with artificial intelligence (AI) tool from novel nitrile degrading isolate. A nitrile hydrolyzing bacteria Bacillus subtilis AGAB-2 (GenBank Ascension number- MW857547) was isolated from industrial effluent waste through an enrichment culture technique. The culture conditions were optimized by creating an orthogonal design with 7 variables to investigate the effect of the significant factors on nitrilase activity. On the basis of obtained data, an AI-driven support vector machine was used for the fitted regression, which yielded new sets of predicted responses with zero mean error and reduced root mean square error. The results of the above global optimization were regarded as the theoretical optimal function conditions. Nitrilase activity of 9832 ± 15.3 U/ml was obtained under optimized conditions, which is a 5.3-fold increase in compared to unoptimized (1822 ± 18.42 U/ml). The statistical optimization method involving Plackett Burman Design and Response surface methodology in combination with an AI tool created a better response prediction model with a significant improvement in enzyme production.

Effectiveness of Mavrilimumab in Viral Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 Infection - A Brief Review

Bhatt Kinal,Garimella Radhika,Taugir Rahima,Mehta Isha,Jamal Muhammad,Vijayan Rupalakshmi,Offor Rita,Nwankwo Kanayo,Arif Uroosa,Waheed Khurram,Kumari Priyanka,Lathiya Maulik,Michel George,Pandya Naush 대한감염학회 2021 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.53 No.1

Hyperinflammation and cytokine storm has been noted as a poor prognostic factor in patients with severe pneumonia related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In COVID-19, pathogenic myeloid cell overactivation is found to be a vital mediator of damage to tissues, hypercoagulability, and the cytokine storm. These cytokines unselectively infiltrate various tissues, such as the lungs and heart, and nervous system. This cytokine storm can hence cause multi-organ dysfunction and life-threatening complications. Mavrilimumab is a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that may be helpful in some cases with COVID-19. During an inflammation, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) release is crucial to driving both innate and adaptive immune responses. The GM-CSF immune response is triggered when an antigen attaches to the host cell and induces the signaling pathway. Mavrilimumab antagonizes the action of GM-CSF and decreases the hyperinflammation associated with pneumonia in COVID-19, therefore strengthening the rationale that mavrilimumab when added to the standard protocol of treatment could improve the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, specifically those patients with pneumonia. With this review paper, we aim to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of mavrilimumab on cytokine storms in patients with COVID-19 by reviewing published clinical trials and emphasize the importance of extensive future trials.

Photocatalytic properties of intrinsically defective undoped bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) photocatalyst: A DFT study

Bhatt, Mahesh Datt,Lee, Jin Yong Elsevier 2018 Journal of electroanalytical chemistry Vol.828 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monoclinic clinobisvanite BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> is one of the most promising photocatalyst due to its stability, low cost, narrow band gap, and suitable valence band maximum (VBM) position. The valence band maximum of about −7.10 eV at vacuum level was observed, which is well below the redox potential of water. However, the conduction band minimum, CBM of about −4.86 eV at vacuum level, which was responsible for its low efficiency. The presence of metal (Bi or V) vacancy changed the charge density and VBM of pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. Our calculated results revealed that 0.04% of the intrinsic Bi or V defects enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. The optical properties of both pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> were calculated and analyzed with perspective of their photocatalytic properties. Conclusively, the role of Bi or V (metal) vacancies in pristine BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was found to be significant than O interstitials in enhancing the photocatalytic properties regarding the solar water splitting.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The electronic structure of pristine and intrinsically defective BiVO4 was investigated by DFT. </LI> <LI> The CBM of BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was calculated to be -4.86 eV at vacuum level, which is responsible for its low efficiency. </LI> <LI> Bi or V vacancies enhanced p-type conductivity and hence improved photocatalytic activity than O-interstitial in BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva

Bhatt, S.R. International Association for Buddhist Thought & C 2002 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.1 No.-

The present paper attempts to deal with the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva as they are understood philosophically rather than historically, though historical perspective cannot be divorced from the philosophical one. Sakyamuni or Gautama, the Buddha, is at once both a historical figure and a body of ideas. It is only the latter which is taken into consideration here. Similarly there is no reference to any particular Bodhisattva revered in the tradition. The basic objective is to put forth those ideas and ideas and ideals and beliefs and practices for which the concepts of Buddha and Bodhisattva stand. Historically the Buddha and the Bodhisattva have lived by these ideas and ideals but the present paper only analysis the latter for pragmatic purpose so that they may be universalized and emulated in the contemporary times by strife-torn and violence-infected world. It specially focuses in the Karuna-centricity of these concepts correlation them with enhancment of quality of life and achievement of excellences. Mahakaruna or universal compassion is not just to be thought over or talked about but to be translated in action through proper and adequate endeavour (upaya kausala). Mahakaruna, therefore, must fructify in enhancement of quality of life and achievement of excellences (Paramitas).