Source Tracking Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen At Molecular Level During Storm Events In An Agricultural Watershed

Most Shirina Begum(Begum Most Shirina),Jin Hur(허진),Seung Yoon Lee(이승윤) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

Identification of Breeding Resource Material for the Development of Therms-Tolerant Breeds in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Begum, A.Naseema,Basavaraja, H.K.,Rekha, M.,Ahsan, M.M.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.2

Screening of fifteen bivoltine silkworm breeds of Bombyx mori Linn at a temperature of $31{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 85${\pm}$5% resulted in the identification of eight thermo-tolerant breeds. The survival and cocoon shell ratio of the tolerant breeds ranged from 72.7 to 78.7% and 20.0 to 20.1% respectively. The tolerant breeds comprised of four oval breeds and four dumb-bell breeds. Eight foundation crosses prepared by crossing the oval and dumb-bell parents among themselves were screened at a temperature of $31{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 85{\pm}5%. The performance of the foundation crosses on 11 economic characters were analysed by employing Multipie Trait Evaluation Index method. Four foundation crosses which scored average index value > 50 were selected as breeding parents and breeding initiated for the evolution of thermo-tolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds. The methodology and the results of the foundation crosses reared both at 31{\pm}1$^{\circ}C$ and at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ temperatures, are discussed.

Evolution and Identification of Thermo-Tolerant Hybrids in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Begum, A.Naseema,Rekha, M.,Basavaraja, H.K.,Ahsan, M.M. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.6 No.2

Four thermo-tolerant lines of silkworm, Bombyx mori, (L.) viz., A HT, B HT (Chinese type) and F HT, G HT (Japanese type) were evolved by utilizing the breeding resource material (identified from initial screening at a temperature of 31 ${\pm} 1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity 85 ${\pm}$ 5%) through conventional breeding. These tolerant lines were crossed with productive breeds and forty four hybrids were evaluated on eight economic traits by the Multiple Trait Evaluation Index Method. Ten hybrids were short-listed based on the average evaluation index value larger than 50 for eight economic traits studied. The identified ten hybrids recorded higher index values (> 50) for most of the traits studied. Single hybrid G ${\times}$ CSR12 indicated average index value larger than 50 for six traits viz., pupation number (58), cocoon weight (67), shell weight (65), average filament length (74), raw silk % (69), reelability % (51) except for shell ratio % (41). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the above hybrid was 8.41 in the hybrid cocoon length and width measurement. However, two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 recorded average index value larger than 50 for all the traits viz., pupation number (57, 60), cocoon weight (50, 54), shell weight (56, 57), shell ratio percentage (59, 53), average filament length (55, 60), raw silk percentage (63, 67) and reelability percentage (53, 53). The standard deviation of the cocoons in the two selected hybrids viz., A ${\times}$ CSR5 and G ${\times}$ CSR13 was 8.41 and 8.06 respectively in the cocoon length and width measurement.

Evaluation of Two Promising Hybrids Viz., HSP1 (A3x935 E) and HSP2 (A3x916 B) in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Begum, A.Naseema,Rekha, M.,Ahsan, M.M.,Rao, P.Sudhakara Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2000 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.1 No.2

To evolve silkworm hybrids with higher survival and better cocoon characters, evaluation of semen hybrids in the laboratory (short-listed out of 143 hybrids) resulted in the identification of two promising hybrids, A3${\tines}$935 E (HSP1) and A3${\tines}$916 B (HSP2). The hybrids were evaluated at three different Regional Sericultural Research Stations of Central Silk Board during 1997-1998 and also tested with the farmers along with two control hybrids, KAxNB4D2 and PMxNB4D2. Evaluation of the hybrids indicated that these hybrids can be reared in all the seasons, especially during summer season. These hybrids show shorter larval duration (22 days 17 hrs against 23 days in control KAxNB4D2 and better cocoon characters as compared to the crossed breeds PM ${\tines}$NB4D2).

CA 15-3 (Mucin-1) and Physiological Characteristics of Breast Cancer from Lahore, Pakistan

Begum, Mumtaz,Karim, Sajjad,Malik, Arif,Khurshid, Rukhshan,Asif, Muhammad,Salim, Asmat,Nagra, Saeed Ahmed,Zaheer, Ahmad,Iqbal, Zafar,Abuzenadah, Adel Mohammed,Alqahtani, Mohammed Hussain,Rasool, Mahmo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Background: High incidence of breast cancer and its fatal effect has reached an alarming stage across the globe, including the third world countries. Many factors have been reported to be associated with the development of breast cancer but detailed structural and functional information is missing. CA 15-3 is one of the known potential tumor marker of breast cancer; however little is known about structure and functional site of this protein. Present study aims to investigate the functional role of CA 15-3 in breast cancer, especially in development and metastasis. Material and Methods: Hundred female breast cancer patients confirmed by histopathological reports were included in the study. Their physiological characters were recorded in a performa. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to estimate serum CA 15-3 level. Immunohistochemistry was done for estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and Her2/neu receptors expression. Results: The study revealed the details of physiological characteristics of female breast cancer. Mean age was $37.72{\pm}5.99$ and $55.05{\pm}7.28$ years and serum CA 15-3 (MUC1) level was $60.47{\pm}8.59$ and $63.17{\pm}4.58$ U/ml in pre and post-menopause respectively, and both groups of women had sedentary life style. Their receptor status especially of progesterone, estrogen and HER-2/neu were positive in 50% of premenopausal women and 65% of postmenopausal women. Conclusion: There are multiple physiological factors promoting breast cancer. High serum CA 15-3 level and hormonal imbalance of ER, PR and Her2/neu appears to be the main cause of breast cancer. It may be possible that the functional sites of these proteins may be altered which may increase the chances of metastasis in breast cancer.

EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF TEA WASTE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING CALVES

Begum, J.,Reza, A.,Islam, M.R.,Rahman, M.M.,Zaman, M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.2

Twelve indigenous(desi) growing male calves of 9-12 months of age($95.3{\pm}12.6kg$) were divided into 4 groups having 3 animals in each group. Each group of calves received 1 kg fresh concentrate mixtures where tea waste was supplemented as 0($T_0$), 50($T_1$), 100($T_2$) and 150($T_3$) g $d^{-1}$ with the replacement of equal amount of concentrate mixtures. In addition, each calf received ad libitum chopped rice straw and 2 kg green grass a day. Dry matter intake increased by offering higher levels of tea waste except in the treatment $T_3$. Daily gain(g $d^{-1}$) was comparatively higher in $T_2$ group(314.6g) compared to other treatments. Feed efficiency(kg DM $kg^{-1}$ gain) was also higher in $T_2$ group(9.9) where feed cost $kg^{-1}$ gain was also comparatively lower(Tk. 25.7) than the other treatments. Dry matter and CP digestibility increased with the increase in supplementation of tea wastes except in the treatment $T_3$.

Freestanding palladium nanonetworks electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells

Begum, Halima,Ahmed, Mohammad Shamsuddin,Cho, Sung,Jeon, Seungwon Elsevier 2018 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.43 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Still it's a main challenge to design of highly efficient electrocatalysts to reduce the high overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The 1 dimensional (1D) palladium nanonetworks (Pd-Net) can be a promising alternative to platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalyst for ORR. In this study, the Pd-Net electrocatalysts have been synthesized via a simple wet-chemical method with the assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and zinc precursor. Further investigation indicates that the thickness of Pd-Net can be regulated by simply changing the molar ratio of CTAB and the 5 ± 0.1 nm is proven as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst without any support material. The freestanding 1D Pd-Net has shown 2.2 and 3.6-fold higher electrochemical surface area than that of commercially available Pt/C and homemade Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) catalysts, respectively. As a result, it provides a higher density of ORR active sites and facilitated the electron transport. The Pd-Net catalyst shows 2.1 and 4.1 times higher mass activity and 1.3 and 3.1 higher specific activity at 0.85 V (vs. RHE) with better ORR kinetics than that of Pt/C and PdNPs, respectively. Additionally, the Pd-Net catalyst has been demonstrated a significant tolerance to the anodic fuels (i.e. methanol) and enhanced durability than the Pt/C and PdNPs catalysts for ORR.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Tunable Pd-Net has been developed for catalyzing ORR in alkaline electrolyte. </LI> <LI> The Pd-Net has shown 2.2- and 3.6-fold higher ECSA than Pt/C and PdNPs, respectively. </LI> <LI> The Pd-Net has shows 2.1 and 4.1 times higher MA than Pt/C and PdNPs, respectively. </LI> <LI> Pd-Net has proven better catalysis than Pt/C due to better crystalline porous network. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synergistic effects of urban tributary mixing on dissolved organic matter biodegradation in an impounded river system

Begum, Most Shirina,Jang, Inae,Lee, Jung-Min,Oh, Han Bin,Jin, Hyojin,Park, Ji-Hyung Elsevier 2019 The Science of the total environment Vol.676 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Dams and wastewater may greatly perturb riverine fluxes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, yet little is known about the relationships between altered DOM quality and CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission in eutrophic impounded river systems. A basin-wide field survey of surface water CO<SUB>2</SUB> and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was combined with laboratory incubations to examine how dams and urban tributaries delivering treated wastewater influence longitudinal patterns in DOM properties and CO<SUB>2</SUB> along the impounded Han River traversing Seoul metropolitan area. Fluorescent DOM indices including parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) components were used to characterize DOM in relation to biodegradable DOC (BDOC). Compared with distinct downstream increases in DOC and CO<SUB>2</SUB>, BDOC concentration and its proportion in DOC (%BDOC) were highly variable along the mainstem and peaked at urban tributaries. Longitudinal increases in fluorescence index (FI), biological index (BIX), and two PARAFAC components (C2 and C3) contrasted with general decreases in humification index (HIX) and C1, reflecting increasing downstream inputs of anthropogenic DOM. During a 5-day incubation employing continuous CO<SUB>2</SUB> measurements, the cumulative production of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in the mainstem water mixed with urban tributary water was significantly higher than the level expected for conservative mixing of the two samples, indicating a synergistic enhancement of DOM biodegradation. Molecular formulas identified by Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) revealed more consumed molecules in the mainstem water and more newly produced molecules in the tributary water over the 5-day incubation, implying abundant labile components in the mainstem water discharged from the upstream dam and highly processed tributary DOM limited in immediately biodegradable organic materials. Downstream increases in CO<SUB>2</SUB> and DOC along the Han River, combined with the synergistic effect observed in the mixed water, suggest that mixing wastewater-derived DOM with labile autochthonous DOM can enhance CO<SUB>2</SUB> production in the river system perturbed by impoundment and wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Field survey was combined with lab incubations to study human impact on river carbon. </LI> <LI> Dissolved organic matter and CO<SUB>2</SUB> vary along impounded river with wastewater influence. </LI> <LI> Urban tributary mixing enhances organic matter degradation and CO<SUB>2</SUB> in impounded river. </LI> <LI> FT-ICR-MS detects organic matter degradation in impounded river and urban tributary. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Shift in Phenotypic Characteristics of Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) Isolated from Diarrheal Patients in Bangladesh

Begum, Yasmin Ara,Baby, Nabilah Ibnat,Faruque, Abu S. G.,Jahan, Nusrat,Cravioto, Alejandro,Svennerholm, Ann-Mari,Qadri, Firdausi Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.8 No.7

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Enterotoxigenic <I>Escherichia coli</I> (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea. Over the last decade, from 1996 to 2012, changes in the virulence antigen properties of ETEC such as heat labile (LT) and heat stable (ST) toxins, colonization factors (CFs), and ‘O’-serogroups have been observed. The aim of this prospective study was to compare changes in antigenic profiles of ETEC strains isolated from a 2% surveillance system at the icddr,b hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh between 2007–2012 and an earlier time period of 1996–1998 conducted at the same surveillance site.</P><P><B>Methodology</B></P><P>In the surveillance system every 50<SUP>th</SUP> patient attending the hospital was screened for major enteric pathogens including ETEC, <I>Vibrio cholerae</I>, <I>Shigella</I> spp. and <I>Salmonella</I> spp. from January 2007 to December 2012.</P><P><B>Principal Findings</B></P><P>Of the 15,152 diarrheal specimens tested between 2007–2012, the overall rate of ETEC isolation was 11%; of these, 43% were LT/ST, 27% LT and 30% ST positive. Isolation rate of ST-ETEC (p<0.009) and LT/ST ETEC (p<0.011) during 2007–2012 period differed significantly compared to those seen between 1996–1998. In comparison to the 1996–1998 period, difference in CF profile of ETEC isolates during 2007–2012 was observed particularly for strains expressing CS7 (12.4%), CS14 (9.5%) and CS17 (10.0%). The predominant CF types were CS5+CS6, CFA/I, CS7, CS17, CS1+CS3, CS6 and CS14. The most common serogroups among the CF positive ETEC isolates were O115, O114, O6, O25 and O8. A strong association was found between CFs and ‘O’ serogroups i.e. between CS5+CS6 and (O115 and O126); CS7 and (O114), CFA/I and (O78 and O126), CS17 and (O8 and O167) and CS1/CS2+CS3 and (O6).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The analyses show a shift in prevalence of antigenic types of ETEC over the study period; the information is important in designing effective ETEC vaccines with broad protective coverage.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Diarrheal diseases constitute a major health problem in Bangladesh, where <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> and enterotoxigenic <I>Escherichia coli</I> (ETEC) are two most important causes of bacterial diarrhea. Prevention through vaccination is helpful to reduce the incidence and severity of diarrheal disease due to ETEC, particularly among children in low-resource settings. In this context, we collected stool and/or rectal swab (RS) specimens from patients with diarrhea between 2007 to 2012 under the 2% systematic routine surveillance system at the icddr,b hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh and screened for ETEC infection. We tested the specimens for two major virulence factors of ETEC: toxins and colonization factors. In this research article, we have focused on changes in toxin as well as colonization factor profiles of ETEC strains isolated from diarrheal patients seeking care at the icddr,b hospital between 2007–2012 and an earlier time period of 1996–1998. We concluded that, such shift in antigenic profile of ETEC over the study period is important in designing effective ETEC vaccines with broad protective coverage.</P></▼2>

Pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium verticilloides in Okra

Begum Mashooda,Lokesh S.,Kumar T. Vasanth The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2005 Integrative biosciences Vol.9 No.1

In okra Macrophomina phaseolina and Furasium verticilloides cause collar-rot, seedling-rot and other severe diseases at fruit maturing stages. These stages were located in all the components of the seeds. The seeds collected from seeds infected with Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium verticilloides revealed 100% infection. Such seeds resulted in pre- and post-emergence mortalities. Inoculated seeds also showed pre- and post-emergence death of the seedlings. The fungi seed-transmitted showed disease symptoms at different growth of okra plant. Fusarium verticilloides causes the wilt and Macrophomina phaseolina causes the collar-rot. Until now seed transmission of these fungi have not been studied. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to fill this lacunae.