Hydrological modeling to simulate streamflow under changing climate in a scarcely gauged cryosphere catchment

Azmat, Muhammad,Choi, Minha,Kim, Tae-Woong,Liaqat, Umar Waqas Springer-Verlag 2016 Environmental Earth Sciences Vol.75 No.3

<P>Investigation of continuous daily streamflow based on both rainfall and snowmelt in a cryosphere catchment is challenging, particularly when climate records are limited or unavailable. This study compares the accuracy of the Hydrological Engineering Center-Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and the Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) to perform continuous simulation of rainfall and snowmelt-runoff in the scarcely gauged Jhelum River basin of Pakistan under current and potential climate change scenarios. We used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) snow cover data to examine the efficiency of both models. Observed streamflow data from 5 years (2000-2005) were used for calibration and from another 3 years (2007-2010) were used for model validation. Good agreement was attained between the simulated and observed streamflow for annual and snowmelt season in the validation period: (0.71, 10.4) and (0.58, 12.4) for HEC-HMS and (0.74, 8.82) and (0.64, 1.74) for SRM [statistic stated as (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and difference in volume %)], respectively. Future streamflow was projected for 2095 using potential climate change scenarios based on precipitation, mean temperature, and snow cover area (SCA). The HEC-HMS and SRM indicated variations in annual streamflow from -8 to +14 % and -13 to +35 %, respectively, with a change in temperature from -2 to +4 degrees C and from -11 to +32 % and 13-42 % with a change in precipitation from -10 to +20 % along a temperature increase from 2 to 4 degrees C, respectively. Additionally, SRM showed that changes in SCA from -10 to +30 % would contribute to annual streamflow from -4 to +14 %, whereas a temperature increase from 2 to 4 degrees C along with a 20 % increase in SCA extent would increase the annual streamflow by 34 %. Overall, the results of this study reveal that the SRM model has a high computing efficiency and requires fewer data inputs than HEC-HMS to predict runoff under changing climate conditions in a high-altitude, scarcely gauged basin.</P>

The Logistics Performance Effect in International Trade

AZMAT GANI 한국해운물류학회 2017 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.33 No.4

The continuous growth in world trade depends on the efficiency of trade support structures such as the logistics services. Despite logistics integral role in supporting commercial activities, there has generally been a low level of analysis and trade policy research focus from trade practitioners. This paper explores the effect of logistics performance in international trade. The analysis draws on overall logistics performance as well as disaggregated measures of logistics specificities data for a large sample of countries. The empirical analysis involved the estimation of standard export and import equations incorporating measures of logistics performance. The findings show that the overall logistics performance is positively and statistically significantly correlated with exports and imports. The analysis is also extended by investigating if logistics specificities mattered for international trade. The findings reveal that several dimensions capturing logistics performance have statistically significant and positive effect, mostly on exports. The main policy implication is that continuous investment in logistics infrastructure and services can positively impact international trade.

The Relationship between Good Governance and Carbon Dioxide Emissions : Evidence from Developing Economies

AZMAT GANI 경제연구소 2012 Journal of Economic Development Vol.37 No.1

This paper examines the relationship between five dimensions of good governance (political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and corruption) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in a cross-section of developing countries. Two measures of CO2 emissions are utilized: CO2 emissions in kilograms per 2000 US dollars of gross domestic product (GDP) and in metric tons per capita. Robust results are obtained for a number of variables when the dependent variable is CO2 emissions in metric tons per capita. The results provide confirmation that political stability, the rule of law, and control of corruption are negatively and statistically significantly correlated with CO2 emissions per capita. The results also provide evidence in support of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and that trade openness and the size of industrial sector as other strong correlates of CO2 emissions.

Antibacterial Acativity of Camellia sinensis Extracts Against Dental Caries

Rasheed, Azmat,Haider, Mujtaba The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1998 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.21 No.3

Different bacteria wwere seperated from saliva and teeth of cariogenic patients and identified by a variety of morphological and biochemical tests. Extracts of green tea strongly inhibited Escherichia coli, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mutans. The antibacterial effect of green and black tea extracts were compared with those of amoxicillin, cephradine and eugenol.

Failing Transplanted Liver from an Unrecognized Recently Discovered Autoimmunity

( Rabeea Azmat ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Unfortunately, recurrent HCV infection of engraftment is inevitable if the virus was not eradicated in recipients. Because of immunosuppression, if left untreated, HCV infection progresses to cirrhosis quickly. The era of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) has greatly improved the SVR (sustained virological response) to 90%, and safety concerns were minimal. Despite advancements there remain a gray zone of mixed involvement in the form of viral hepatitis with autoimmunity. Here we are reporting a case of a patient whose graft showed features of deterioration despite achievement of SVR and ultimately, the question was answered by liver biopsy. Methods: 47years old man with living donor liver transplantation in October 2012 for HCV-CLD., remained uneventful on mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus & achieved SVR on Sofosbovir and Ribavirin therapy which was completed in December 2015. After 8 months of DAAs therapy he developed itching and fatigue, and on follow up he was found to have deranged LFTs in December 2016. Although, HCV PCR was negative and so was MRCP. Results: His liver biopsy revealed chronic ductopenic rejection with granuloma formation and features of autoimmune hepatitis. His ANA profile was found to be significantly positive. Despite steroids and further immunosuppression he could not manage to recover. He was sent to liver transplant centre for second liver transplant but concerns were reappearance of autoimmune flare and graft failure which limited his liver retransplant. Conclusions: This case is an eye opener for the transplan team as autoimmunity remains to be a difficult scenario to cope with in transplant setting.

Bandwidth Efficient Adaptive Forward Error Correction Mechanism with Feedback Channel

Farhan Azmat Ali,Pieter Simoens,Wim Van de Meerssche,Bart Dhoedt 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.3

Multimedia content is very sensitive to packet loss and therefore multimedia streams are typically protected against packet loss, either by supporting retransmission requests or by adding redundant forward error correction (FEC) data. However, the redundant FEC information introduces significant additional bandwidth requirements, as compared to the bitrate of the original video stream. Especially on wireless and mobile networks, bandwidth availability is limited and variable. In this article, an adaptive FEC (A-FEC) system is presented whereby the redundancy rate is dynamically adjusted to the packet loss, based on feedback messages from the client. We present a statistical model of our A-FEC system and validate the proposed system under different packet loss conditions and loss probabilities. The experimental results show that 57?5%bandwidth gain can be achieved compared with a static FEC approach.

Mechanical and thermodynamic stability, structural, electronics and magnetic properties of new ternary thorium-phosphide silicides ThSi_xP_1-x: First-principles investigation and prospects for clean nuclear energy applications

Siddique, Muhammad,Iqbal, Azmat,Rahman, Amin Ur,Azam, Sikander,Zada, Zeshan,Talat, Nazia Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.2

Thorium compounds have attracted immense scientific and technological attention with regard to both fundamental and practical implications, owing to unique chemical and physical properties like high melting point, high density and thermal conductivity. Hereby, we investigate the mechanical and thermodynamic stability and report on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of new silicon-doped cubic ternary thorium phosphides ThSi_xP_1-x (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1). The first-principles density functional theory procedure was adopted within full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The exchange and correlation potential terms were treated within Generalized-Gradient-Approximation functional modified by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerrhof parameterizations. The proposed compounds showed mechanical and thermodynamic stable structure and hence can be synthesized experimentally. The calculated lattice parameters, bulk modulus, total energy, density of states, electronic band structure and spin magnetic moments of the compounds revealed considerable correlation to the Si substitution for P and the relative Si/P doping concentration. The electronic and magnetic properties of the doped compounds rendered them non-magnetic but metallic in nature. The main orbital contribution to the Fermi level arises from the hybridization of Th(6d+5f) and (Si+P)3p states. Reported results may have potential implications with regard to both fundamental point of view and technological prospects such as fuel materials for clean nuclear energy.

A Momentary Lapse of Reason? Assessing the Pre- and Post-Brexit Preferences of UK Citizens

Etienne Farvaque,Muhammad Azmat Hayat,Ifrah Siddique 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2021 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.36 No.3

We analyze the persistence of the major determinants of distrust toward the European Union (EU) and pro-Brexit voting attitudes of citizens of the United Kingdom. Looking both backward and forward, our analysis confirms that Euroscepticism is deep-rooted, although the data reveal differences across different parts of the country. We observe no major transformation in the favor of the EU over the last two decades or in the post-referendum period. We also carry out an age-period-cohort analysis by interacting age and cohort effects with time to analyze the evolution of individual preferences. We find that an aging population will promote Eurosceptic assertiveness. We then implement a demographic forecasting analysis to predict whether the level of distrust of older cohorts can be offset by differing attitudes among younger cohorts in the future. On the contrary, we find that demographic trends will tend to strengthen distrust in the EU.

ZnO:Ga-graded ITO electrodes to control interface between PCBM and ITO in planar perovskite solar cells

Seok, Hae-Jun,Ali, Azmat,Seo, Jung Hwa,Lee, Hyun Hwi,Jung, Na-Eun,Yi, Yeonjin,Kim, Han-Ki unknown 2019 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.20 No.1

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)-graded layer, facilitating electron extraction from electron transport layer, was integrated on the surface of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) cathode by using graded sputtering technique to improve the performance of planar n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The thickness of graded GZO layer was controlled to optimize GZO–indium tin oxide (ITO) combined electrode for planar n-i-p PSCs. At optimized graded thickness of 15 nm, the GZO–ITO combined electrode showed an optical transmittance of 95%, a resistivity of 2.3 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> Ohm cm, a sheet resistance of 15.6 Ohm/square, and work function of 4.23 eV, which is well matched with the 4.0-eV lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of [6,6]-phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>-butyric acid methyl ester. Owing to enhanced extraction of electron by the graded GZO, the n-i-p PSC with GZO–ITO combined electrode showed higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.67% than the PCE (5.25%) of PSC with only ITO electrode without GZO-graded layer. In addition, the GZO integrated-ITO electrode acts as transparent electrode and electron extraction layer simultaneously due to graded mixing of the GZO at the surface region of ITO electrode.</P>

Cross-Layer Reduction of Wireless Network Card Idle Time to Optimize Energy Consumption of Pull Thin Client Protocols

Simoens, Pieter,Ali, Farhan Azmat,Vankeirsbilck, Bert,Deboosere, Lien,Turck, Filip De,Dhoedt, Bart,Demeester, Piet,Torrea-Duran, Rodolfo,Perre, Liesbet Van der,Dejonghe, Antoine The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.1

Thin client computing trades local processing for network bandwidth consumption by offloading application logic to remote servers. User input and display updates are exchanged between client and server through a thin client protocol. On wireless devices, the thin client protocol traffic can lead to a significantly higher power consumption of the radio interface. In this article, a cross-layer framework is presented that transitions the wireless network interface card (WNIC) to the energy-conserving sleep mode when no traffic from the server is expected. The approach is validated for different wireless channel conditions, such as path loss and available bandwidth, as well as for different network roundtrip time values. Using this cross-layer algorithm for sample scenario with a remote text editor, and through experiments based on actual user traces, a reduction of the WNIC energy consumption of up to 36.82% is obtained, without degrading the application's reactivity.