http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
AONO Michihiko 동국대학교 불교학술원 2021 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.31 No.1
The purpose of this article is to examine practical knowledge for monks (bhikkhu) to abstain from injuring and killing living beings in daily life, with reference to the Vinayapiṭaka of Theravāda and its commentary, the Samantapāsādikā. Manifestly, we cannot completely avoid causing harm throughout our entire lives, and this is also true of monks, who may harm humans and injure or kill other living beings such as animals and insects in everyday life. However, it is not every kind of killing and injuring that the Vinayapiṭaka requires monks to avoid; some do not constitute an offense. The Vinayapiṭaka has its own criteria for determining what is an offense. As is well known, the criteria involve a karmic way of thinking. Intentional injuring and killing is an offense because it creates bad karma, while actions that are unintentional are not offenses because they do not create bad karma and thus hinder the spiritual achievement. Most of us would know that this karmic way of thinking plays an important role in the judgment of criminal deeds, but few of us would precisely know the kind of injuring and killing that constitutes an offense. In actual monastic life, however, this is an important issue. No matter how well monks know the gravity of the karmic way of thinking on a theoretical basis, it does not follow from this that they can successfully discern criminal deeds. In fact, they need practical knowledge in order to avoid intentional injuring and killing. Thus, I would like to examine monastic rules related to killing and injuring as stipulated in the Vinayapiṭaka with close reference to the Samantapāsādikā and reveal practical knowledge for monks to avoid harming humans and injuring and killing other living beings in their daily lives. Specifically, I will look at Paṭhavīkhaṇanasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 10), Bhūtagāmasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 11), Sappāṇakasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 20), Sañciccasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 61), Sappāṇakasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 62), and Pahārasikkhāpada (Pācittiya 74) to show when and how these rules apply to monks and how monks can avoid breaking these rules.
Aono, Hideshi,Hosozawa, Osamu,Shinozaki, Yozo,Kimura, Yuichi Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2016 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.5 No.3
Along the subduction-zone of the western Japanese islands, large earthquakes are expected occur around the middle of this century, and long-period ground motions will reach major urban areas, shaking high-rise buildings violently. Since some old high-rise buildings were designed without considering long-period ground motions, reinforcing such buildings is an important issue. An effective method to reinforce existing high-rise buildings is installing additional dampers. However, a problem with ordinary dampers is that they require reinforcement of surrounding columns and girders to support large reaction forces generated during earthquake ground motion. To solve this problem, a deformation-dependent oil damper was developed. The most attractive feature of this damper is to reduce the damping force at the moment when the frame deformation comes close to its maximum value. Due to this feature, the reinforcement of columns, girders, and foundations are no longer required. The authors applied seismic retrofitting with a deformation-dependent oil damper to an existing 54-story office building (Shinjuku Center Building) located in Shinjuku ward, Tokyo, in 2009 to suppress vibration under the long period earthquake ground motions. The seismic responses were observed in the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, and it is clarified that the damping ratio was higher and the response lower by 20% as compared to the building without dampers.
Liquid Inertia Damper with Steel Balls in a Long By-pass Pipe
Erina Aono,Taichi Matsuoka,Pei-Yang Lin 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.춘계 No.-
The authors developed a liquid type inertia damper that has a long by-pass pipe in order to get large inertial effect instead of fluid. Inertia force is caused by quickly moving of the material inside the by-pass pipe under oscillation. It is proportional to not only a cross sectional area and length of the by-pass pipe, but also a moving mass inside the by-pass pipe. In this time, some steel balls are partially put into the by-pass pipe for a heavy mass. Prototype damper is manufactured, and resisting force characteristics of the damper are measured when water or oil is filled as liquid. The experimental results are compared with that in case without the steel balls. Finally, inertia effect is confirmed experimentally.