A Normative and conceptual study of peace after the Second World War in light of the Nuremberg Tribunal and the United Nations

Alipour Mohammad 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2023 International Area Studies Review Vol.26 No.3

The concept of peace is a source of much debate in the history of international law, and scholars have discussed it from different perspectives. State's consent formed the basis for the legal order prior to the Second World War. However, after the Second World War, peace requirements altered the order by imposing certain obligations upon States. These obligations are essential for universal peace, regardless of states' consent. Among these requirements, the salient sample is the prohibition of waging war, which was criminalized for the first time by the Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals. As part of the process of pursuing lasting peace the adoption of the Charter of the United Nations is a hallmark. The Charter outlined a new vision of peace, coupled with retaining the classic definition of peace as the absence of war. There are two characteristics of the Charter's peace; it is manifested in a particular form with a definite connotation. In terms of the form, certain articles of the Charter suggest that the form is the relationship between the members of the United Nations and that the connotation is the implementation of human rights. Charter law pledges States, individually and collectively, to observe human rights both at the domestic and international levels, and this understanding of peace has affected the structure of international law.

Optimal ECO-Design of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor Using Modified Tabu Search Optimizer and Finite Element Analysis

Mohammad Yazdani-Asrami,Mohammad Alipour,Asghar Gholamian 한국자기학회 2015 Journal of Magnetics Vol.20 No.2

The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motors have been used in modern industrial factories, hazardous chemical process, modern medical devices, and especially in advanced military devices such as army drones. By considering their sensitive role in the industrial and military applications, their optimal design has a real concern. This paper proposes a method for optimal eco-design of a PMBLDC motor using improved tabu search optimization. The objective function is based on losses, volume and cost. Electrical and mechanical requirements and other limitations are combined into constraints of problem. Also, finite element analysis has been used for verifications in magnetic mode.

New Gene Profiling in Determination of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Prognosis in Iranian Women

Poorhosseini, Seyed Mohammad,Hashemi, Mohammad,Olyaei, Nasrin Alipour,Izadi, Amir,Moslemi, Elham,Ravesh, Zeinab,Hashemi-Gorji, Feyzollah,Kheiri, Hamid Reza,Yassaee, Vahid Reza Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in the world and by far the most frequent cancer among women, with an estimated 1.67 million new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012 (25% of all cancers). Polygene expression analysis is used to predict the prognosis and determine the most appropriate treatment regimen. The objective of this study was to examine the gene expression profiles of SIRT3, HRAS, LSP1, SCUBE2 and AP2A2 in Iranian women with BC.A total of 136 patients including healthy controls were categorized into three groups based on the relapse of the disease. Expression of desired genes in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues collected from all groups of participants was analyzed via the RT PCR method. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed then real-time quantitative PCR was carried out. Gene expression analysis revealed that the expression of SIRT3 was equal among patient and control groups. LSP1 was down regulated in all patient groups relative to controls but reduced expression in the metastatic group relative to the non-metastatic one was not significant. HRAS was significantly overexpressed in total and metastatic tumor samples versus normal but not in non-metastatic cases. SCUBE2 expression showed significant over-expression in both overall tumor samples and the non-metastatic group as compared to normal tissues. Gene expression level of AP2A2 in all groups was not detectable. Our data are compatible with a tumor suppressor role of LSP1 related to potential prognostic factor for tumor recurrence and outcome. This study for the first time assayed the prognostic value and changes in the expression of SIRT3, LSP1, HRAS, SCUBE2 and AP2A2 genes in women with breast cancer in the Iranian population and findings confirmed potential biomarker and prognostic capability of these genes. Such expression profiling data can critically improve prognosis and treatment decisions in cancer patients.

Acupuncture or cupping plus standard care versus standard care in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients: An assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled trial

Alipour Reihane,Saeidreza Jamalimoghadamsiahkali,Karimi Mehrdad,Asma Asadi,Haleh Ghaem,Mohammad Sadegh Adel-Mehraban,Kazemi Amir Hooman 한국한의학연구원 2022 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.11 No.4

Background Non-pharmacological strategies that have been proposed by complementary medical systems, can be effective in management of COVID-19. Methods This study was designed as a three-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 139 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) acupuncture (ACUG), (2) cupping (CUPG), and (3) control (CTRG). All participants received conventional treatment. The primary study endpoint included changes in respiratory signs including oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate (RR). The secondary endpoints were COVID-19-related hospitalization duration and serious adverse events such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation or death, all up to day 30. Also, improvements in cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, oxygen demand, anorexia, headache, weakness, sore throat, and myalgia were evaluated. Results Forty-two patients in ACUG, 44 patients in CUPG, and 42 patients in CTRG completed the trial. After 3 days, SpO2 and RR improved significantly in CUPG and ACUG compared with CTRG (effect size: 8.49 (6.4 to 10.57) and 8.51 (6.67 to 10.34), respectively: p<0.001). Compared with CTRG, patients in CUPG and ACUG recovered faster (mean difference: 6.58 (4.8 to 8.35) and 9.16 (7.16 to 11.15), respectively) and except for two patients in ACUG who were admitted to ICU, none of patients in ACUG or CUPG needed ICU or intubation (p<0.001 in comparison to CTRG). Amelioration of clinical COVID-19 related symptoms reached a high level of statistical significance in CUPG and ACUG in comparison with CTRG (p<0.01). Conclusion Cupping and acupuncture are promising safe and effective therapies in management of COVID-19. Trial registration: This study was registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20201127049504N1 (https://en.irct.ir/trial/52621).

Silver Sulfadiazine-loaded PVA/CMC Nanofibers for the Treatment of Wounds Caused by Excision

Reza Alipour,Alireza Khorshidi,Abdollah Fallah Shojaei,Farhad Mashayekhi,Mohammad Javad Mehdipour Moghaddam 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.12

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethylcellulose/silver sulfadiazine composite nanofibers (PVA/CMC/SSD) containingdifferent proportions of each ingredient were prepared by electrospinning and characterized by Fourier-transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffractionanalysis (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The obtainednanofibers were uni-axially formed with randomly oriented longitudinal axes without entanglement, and their meandiameters ranged from 160 to 210 nm. Silver sulfadiazine, on the other hand, was appeared as a non-uniform dispersion ofspherical nanoparticles ranging from 35 to 75 nm over the surface of nanofibers. Efficacy of the silver sulfadiazine loadednanofibers for treatment of wounds caused be excision in rabbits in a period of 14 days was evaluated and it was found thatthe extent of skin repair in the applied dressing depends on the total Ag content. The dressing composed of 73.6:24.6:1.8weight percent of PVA/CMC/SSD provided the best result in comparison with a control dressing made form PVA/CMC(88.8:11.2 %). In vitro cell viability of fibers on HSF-PI 18 fibroblast like cells was assessed by MTT assay. Antibacterialactivity of the prepared nanofibers was also evaluated against gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeroginosa,and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. PVA/CMC/SSD samples, was shown to have significant inhibition effect incomparison with drug references including penicillin G, chloramphenicol and erythromycin as positive controls (P<0.05).

A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Individual and Group Play Therapy on Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder among Children

Narges Morshed,Mohammad Babamiri,Mehdi Zemestani,Nasim Alipour 대한가정의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.40 No.6

Background: This research compared the effectiveness of play therapy provided individually or in groups for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms among children. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial that used a multi-stage random sampling method. Participants included 45 children aged 6 to 10 years old with ODD, all of whom had been referred to medical consultation centers in Ahvaz, Iran in 2012. Experimental groups consisted of 15 children receiving individual play therapy and 15 receiving group play therapy, while the control group consisted of 15 randomly selected children. Data were collected using the child behavior checklist parent report form and teacher report form, along with clinical interviews with the parents. Play therapy took place weekly for eight total sessions; individual sessions lasted 45 minutes each, while group sessions were each 60 minutes in duration. Participants were assessed in three stages, including preintervention, post-intervention, and at 2-month follow-up. PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and analysis of covariance analysis methods were used to analyze data. Results: Results showed meaningful decreases in ODD symptoms in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group, based on parent reporting (P≤0.001 and F=129.40) and the teacher reports additionally showed meaningful decreases in ODD symptoms in the experimental groups compared to the control group, (P≤0.001 and F=93.14). Furthermore, the effects were maintained after 2 months. Conclusion: This research supports the efficacy of individual and group play therapy for the treatment of ODD in children, as well as the consistency of the effects at 2-month follow-up.

Laccase Immobilization onto Magnetic β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Chitosan: Improved Enzyme Stability and Efficient Performance for Phenolic Compounds Elimination

Roghayeh Tarasi,Masoumeh Alipour,Lena Gorgannezhad,Somaye Imanparast,Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour,Ali Ramezani,Mohammad Reza Ganjali,Abbas Shafiee,Mohammad Ali Faramarzi,Mehdi Khoobi 한국고분자학회 2018 Macromolecular Research Vol.26 No.8

Three types of improved Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), including poly(amidoisophthalicacid) coated magnetite nanoparticles (Fe@PA), cyclodextrin (CD) anchored Fe@PA (Fe@PA-CD), and chitosan (Cs) coated Fe@PA-CD (Fe@PACD- Cs) were successfully developed and characterized. Laccase immobilization onto MNPs was carried out via physical adsorption. The maximal and minimal loading capacity were obtained for Fe@PA and Fe@PA-CD-Cs, respectively. Fe@PA-CDCs- laccase exhibited around 100% of the maximum activity at pH 4 and maintained 70% of its initial activity within the temperature range of 15-55 °C; and Cs coated nanoparticles were more efficient than non-coated. Fe@PA-CD-Cs-laccase maintained 70% of its initial activity up to 12 d from the first day of storage at 25 °C whereas the free laccase, Fe@PA-laccase, and Fe@PA-CD-laccase kept 10%, 28%, and 33% of initial activity, respectively. Furthermore, bio-removal of phenolic compounds was performed by the free and immobilized enzyme. Fe@PA-CD-Cs-laccase showed maximal removal with 96.4% and 85.5% for phenol and bisphenol A, respectively. It seems that Fe@PA-CD-Cs could be an appropriate support for immobilization of other enzymes in various industrial application especially bioremoval of phenolic compounds.

Chemical modification of polystyrene foam using functionalized chitosan with dithiocarbamate as an adsorbent for mercury removal from aqueous solutions

Babak Porkar,Pourya Alipour Atmianlu,Mahyar Mahdavi,Majid Baghdadi,Hamidreza Farimaniraad,Mohammad Ali Abdoli 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.4

One of the major environmental issues today is waste pollution, particularly non-biodegradable wastes such as polystyrene waste. Furthermore, heavy metal contamination is a major environmental threat. Mercury is one of the most hazardous and poisonous contaminants, and its usage in various industrial processes has resulted in contaminated effluents being released into surface runoff and groundwater. Because of the beneficial physical properties of polystyrene foam, this non-biodegradable waste was used in this study as a suitable medium for chemical modification. The polystyrene foam was first modified using crosslinked chitosan, and then it was reacted with carbon disulfide to improve its performance for the removal of Hg2+. The prepared composite was used for the removal of mercury ions from contaminated water. The adsorbent’s physical, chemical, and morphological properties were determined using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Brauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Specific surface area, porosity, and average pore diameter were determined to be 314.8 m2/g, 0.345 cm2/g, and 1.96 nm, respectively. Experiments were designed to investigate the effects of pH, contact time, and contaminant concentration by the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The maximum removal percentage of 79.85% was achieved for the initial mercury concentration of 50 mg/L at pH 4. Moreover, the adsorption was observed to follow the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm. Studies on adsorbent recovery also showed that the adsorbent can be recovered and reused for at least three cycles.

Malachite green removal from aqueous solutions using fibrous cellulose sulfate prepared from medical cotton waste: Comprehensive batch and column studies

Majid Baghdadi,Bahram Alipour Soltani,Mohammad Nourani 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.55 No.-

In this study, high capacity and regenerable fibrous cellulose sulfate was prepared by chemical modification of medical cotton waste and its performance was evaluated for malachite green removal through batch and fixed-bed experiments. Equilibrium was achieved after 30 min of mixing (t90%: 3.5 min at 200 mg L1). The equilibrium and kinetic data were fitted to Redlich–Peterson and Dubinin– Radushkevich models (qm: 960 mg g1) and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. Breakthrough data were predicted by Thomas model. The breakthrough volume was increased by increasing flow rate due to decrease in mass transfer resistance. Adsorbent was regenerated using NaCl solution (4% w/v).

Molecular Target Therapy of AKT and NF-kB Signaling Pathways and Multidrug Resistance by Specific Cell Penetrating Inhibitor Peptides in HL-60 Cells

Davoudi, Zahra,Akbarzadeh, Abolfazl,Rahmatiyamchi, Mohammad,Movassaghpour, Ali Akbar,Alipour, Mohsen,Nejati-Koshki, Kazem,Sadeghi, Zohre,Dariushnejad, Hassan,Zarghami, Nosratollah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.10

Background: PI3/AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways are constitutively active in acute myeloid leukemia and cross-talk between the two has been shown in various cancers. However, their role in acute myeloid leukemia has not been completely explored. We therefore used cell penetrating inhibitor peptides to define the contributions of AKT and NF-kB to survival and multi drug resistance (MDR) in HL-60 cells. Materials and Methods: Inhibition of AKT and NF-kB activity by AKT inhibitor peptide and NBD inhibitor peptide, respectively, resulted in decreased expression of mRNA for the MDR1 gene as assessed by real time PCR. In addition, treatment of HL-60 cells with AKT and NBD inhibitor peptides led to inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as detected by flow cytometer. Results: Finally, co-treatment of HL-60 cells with sub-optimal doses of AKT and NBD inhibitor peptides led to synergistic apoptotic responses in AML cells. Conclusions: These data support a strong biological link between NF-kB and PI3-kinase/AKT pathways in the modulation of antiapoptotic and multi drug resistant effects in AML cells. Synergistic targeting of these pathways using NF-kB and PI3-kinase/AK inhibitor peptides may have a therapeutic potential for AML and possibly other malignancies with constitutive activation of these pathways.