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Waqar Nasir,Munawar Ali Munawar,Ejaz Ahmed,Ahsan Sharif,Saeed Ahmed,Amjad Ayub,Misbahul Ain Khan,Faizul Hassan Nasim 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.10
In this study, twenty-one arylaminoquinoxalinone derivatives were synthesized and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococci aureus, Pseudomonas aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, and Shigella pneumoniae were evaluated relative to known antibiotics; augmentin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The insecticidal activities of the prepared compounds were also investigated against Tribolium castaneum using permethrin as a standard insecticide. The derivatives were synthesized using both conventional and microwave techniques. Their structures were confirmed using spectral techniques and elemental analysis.
Ahmed, Muhammad Waqar,Rahman, Md. Shahinur,Choi, Sooseok,Shaislamov, Ulugbek,Yang, Jong-Keun,Suresh, Rai,Lee, Heon-Ju The Korean Vacuum Society 2017 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.26 No.5
The scope of this work is to determine and compare the effect of electron temperature ($T_e$) and number density ($N_e$) on the yield rate and concentration of reactive chemical species ($^{\bullet}OH$, $H_2O_2$ and $O_3$) in an argon, air and oxygen injected negative DC (0-4 kV) capillary discharge with water flow(0.1 L/min). The discharge was created between tungsten pin-to pin electrodes (${\Phi}=0.5mm$) separated by a variable distance (1-2 mm) in a quartz capillary tube (2 mm inner diameter, 4 mm outer diameter), with various gas injection rates (100-800 sccm). Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the hydrogen Balmer lines was carried out to investigate the line shapes and intensities as functions of the discharge parameters such as the type of gas, gas injection rate and inter electrode gap distances. The intensity ratio method was used to calculate $T_e$ and Stark broadening of Balmer ${\beta}$ lines was adopted to determine $N_e$. The effects of $T_e$ and $N_e$ on the reactive chemical species formation were evaluated and presented. The enhancement in yield rate of reactive chemical species was revealed at the higher electron temperature, higher gas injection rates, higher discharge power and larger inter-electrode gap. The discharge with oxygen injection was the most effective one for increasing the reactive chemical species concentration. The formation of reactive chemical species was shown more directly related to $T_e$ than $N_e$ in a flowing water gas injected negative DC capillary discharge.
Underwater Capillary Discharge with Air and Oxygen Addition
Muhammad Waqar Ahmed,양종근,Young-Sun Mok,이헌주,유영훈 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.9
The aim of this work was to present an effective method of generating an underwater capillarydischarge at low power through gas injection (O2, air) and generating OH radicals. A flowingwater (0.1 L/min) discharge was created in a quartz capillary tube (Φ = 4 mm outer; Φ = 2mm inner; thickness = 2 mm) by applying a continuous negative DC voltage (0 − 4 kV) acrosstungsten electrodes (Φ = 0.5 mm) separated by a variable distance (1 − 2 mm) in the pin-pinelectrode configuration. The air- and oxygen-injected capillary discharges at a constant water flowrate, similar gas injection variation rates, and two different interelectrode gaps were compared. Areduction in the breakdown voltage with increasing gas injection rate was shown. Compared toair, oxygen was proven to be more effective for generating an underwater discharge of a pulsatingnature with the characteristics of high energy per pulse, higher power per pulse, short pulse width,and short pulse repetition rate. The emission spectrum of the oxygen-injected discharge showed ahigher concentration of OH radicals than that of the air-injected discharge. The imaging diagnosticresults showed that the discharge was brighter and more expanded when oxygen was added than itwas when air was added.
Muhammad Waqar Ahmed,Md. Shahinur Rahman,최수석,Ulugbek Shaislamov,양종근,Rai Suresh,이헌주 한국진공학회 2017 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.26 No.5
The scope of this work is to determine and compare the effect of electron temperature (Te) and number density (Ne) on the yield rate and concentration of reactive chemical species (•OH, H2O2 and O3) in an argon, air and oxygen injected negative DC (0-4 kV) capillary discharge with water flow(0.1 L/min). The discharge was created between tungsten pin-to pin electrodes (Φ = 0.5 mm) separated by a variable distance (1-2 mm) in a quartz capillary tube (2 mm inner diameter, 4 mm outer diameter), with various gas injection rates (100-800 sccm). Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) of the hydrogen Balmer lines was carried out to investigate the line shapes and intensities as functions of the discharge parameters such as the type of gas, gas injection rate and inter electrode gap distances. The intensity ratio method was used to calculate Te and Stark broadening of Balmer β lines was adopted to determine Ne. The effects of Te and Ne on the reactive chemical species formation were evaluated and presented. The enhancement in yield rate of reactive chemical species was revealed at the higher electron temperature, higher gas injection rates, higher discharge power and larger inter-electrode gap. The discharge with oxygen injection was the most effective one for increasing the reactive chemical species concentration. The formation of reactive chemical species was shown more directly related to Te than Ne in a flowing water gas injected negative DC capillary discharge.
Hepatitis C Virus Prevalence and Genotyping among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in Baghdad
Al-Kubaisy, Waqar Abd Al Qahar,Obaid, Kadhim Jawad,Noor, Nor Aini Mohd,Ibrahim, Nik Shamsidah Binti Nik,Al-Azawi, Ahmed Albu-Kareem Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause for cancer death in the world, now being especially linked to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This case-control study consisting of 65 HCC patients and 82 patients with other malignant tumours as controls was conducted to determine the association of HCV markers with HCC. Serum of each participant was obtained for detection of HCV Ab and RNA by DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA). Twenty six per cent (26.0%) of HCC patients had positive anti-HCV which was significantly greater than the control group (p=0.001). HCC patients significantly have a risk of exposure to HCV infection almost 3 times than the control group (OR=2.87, 95% C.I=1.1-7). Anti-HCV seropositive rate was significantly (p=0.03) higher among old age HCC patients and increases with age. Males with HCC significantly showed to have more than 9 times risk of exposure to HCV infection (OR=9.375, 95 % CI=1.299-67.647) than females. HCV-RNA seropositive rate was (70.8%) significantly higher among HCC patients compared to (22.2%) the control group (p=0.019). The most prevalent genotype (as a single or mixed pattern of infection) was HCV-1b. This study detected a significantly higher HCV seropositive rate of antibodies and RNA in HCC patients.
Liu Qi,Yang Jun,Ahmed Waqar,Wan Xiaoyan,Wei Lanfang,Ji Guanghai 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.5
Bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. In this study, we extracted and purified phenazine substances from the secondary metabolites of Lysobacter antibioticus 13-6. The bacteriostatic mechanism of phenazine substances against Xoc was investigated through physiological response and transcriptomic analysis. Results showed that phenazine substances affects the cell membrane permeability of Xoc, which causes cell swelling and deformation, blockage of flagellum synthesis, and imbalance of intracellular environment. The changes in intracellular environment affect the physiological and metabolic functions of Xoc, which reduces the formation of pathogenic factors and pathogenicity. Through transcriptomic analysis, we found that among differentially expressed genes, the expression of 595 genes was induced significantly (275 up-regulated and 320 down-regulated). In addition, we observed that phenazine substances affects three main functions of Xoc, i.e., transmembrane transporter activity, DNA-mediated transposition, and structural molecular activity. Phenazine substances also inhibits the potassium ion transport system that reduces Xoc resistance and induces the phosphate ion transport system to maintain the stability of the internal environment. Finally, we conclude that phenazine substances could retard cell growth and reduce the pathogenicity of Xoc by affecting cell structure and physiological metabolism. Altogether, our study highlights latest insights into the antibacterial mechanism of phenazine substances against Xoc and provides basic guidance to manage the incidence of bacterial leaf streak of rice.