A review of Magnetic Refrigeration Technology

Jeong S.,Numazawa T.,Rowe A. The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2006 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.8 No.2

This paper reviews the magnetic refrigeration technology that is a novel cooling method utilizing magnetic field to obtain low temperature. The key component of the refrigeration is a novel magnetic refrigerant which should possess sufficiently large magneto-caloric effect so that a pseudo-Carnot magnetic refrigeration cycle can cover reasonably large temperature span. Otherwise, a regenerative concept should be employed to expand the temperature span of the refrigeration cycle. There is a growing interest in magnetic refrigeration as a viable refrigeration technology not only for cryogenics as well as room temperature range. This paper covers historical developments, fundamental concepts, key components, application classification, and recent research trend of magnetic refrigerators.

A p53/miRNA-34 axis regulates Snail1-dependent cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Kim, Nam Hee,Kim, Hyun Sil,Li, Xiao-Yan,Lee, Inhan,Choi, Hyung-Seok,Kang, Shi Eun,Cha, So Young,Ryu, Joo Kyung,Yoon, Dojun,Fearon, Eric R.,Rowe, R. Grant,Lee, Sanghyuk,Maher, Christopher A.,Weiss, Ste The Rockefeller University Press 2011 The Journal of cell biology Vol.195 No.3

<▼1><P>Expression of the essential EMT inducer Snail1 is inhibited by miR-34 through a p53-dependent regulatory pathway.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Snail1 is a zinc finger transcriptional repressor whose pathological expression has been linked to cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs and the induction of tissue-invasive activity, but pro-oncogenic events capable of regulating Snail1 activity remain largely uncharacterized. Herein, we demonstrate that p53 loss-of-function or mutation promotes cancer cell EMT by de-repressing Snail1 protein expression and activity. In the absence of wild-type p53 function, Snail1-dependent EMT is activated in colon, breast, and lung carcinoma cells as a consequence of a decrease in miRNA-34 levels, which suppress Snail1 activity by binding to highly conserved 3′ untranslated regions in Snail1 itself as well as those of key Snail1 regulatory molecules, including β-catenin, LEF1, and Axin2. Although p53 activity can impact cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair pathways, the EMT and invasion programs initiated by p53 loss of function or mutation are completely dependent on Snail1 expression. These results identify a new link between p53, miR-34, and Snail1 in the regulation of cancer cell EMT programs.</P></▼2>

Back to the Future? Algorithms and Equipment vs. Simplicity and Common Sense in Physical Activity Measurement

David A. Rowe 한국체육학회 2011 International journal of human movement science Vol.5 No.2

This opinion paper establishes the importance of measuring physical activity in kinesiology and public health research, and describes recent developments leading to more technologically advanced instruments yielding more complex types of physical activity data. While this may seem desirable, because physical activity is a complex construct, the purpose of this paper is to warn against pursuing a “Holy Grail” of complexity in measurement tools and data arrays. Excessive complexity carries several disadvantages, which are described in the paper. Perhaps the best approach is that used by Marty McFly, the main character in the Hollywood blockbuster Back to the Future. In the movie, a combination of modern technology and old-fashioned methods allows Marty to travel through time to return to the future. Using this analogy, a case is made for deciding which method or combination of methods is needed for a given research purpose, and for recognising that sometimes, simpler is better.

Effect of Beef Growth Type on Cooking Loss, Tenderness, and Chemical Composition of Pasture- or Feedlot-developed Steers

Brown, A.H.,Camfield, P.K.,Rowe, C.W.,Rakes, L.Y.,Pohlman, F.W.,Johnson, Z.B.,Tabler, G.T.,Sandelin, B.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.11

Steers (n = 335) of known genetic background from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study differences in cooking loss (CL), tenderness, and chemical composition. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight-late maturing (LL), intermediate mature weight-late maturing (IL), intermediate mature weight -early maturing (IE), and small mature weight-early maturing (SE). Each year, in a nine-year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and harvested at approximately 20 and 14 mo of age, respectively. Data collected were CL and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) for the Longissimus dorsi (LM), Psoas major (PS), and Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles. Chemical composition was also determined from the right fore- and hindquarter. Data were analyzed using least squares analysis of variance for unequal subclass numbers. The beef growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was significant for CL and WBS of the LM and ash in the lean trim of the forequarter. Growth types of LL and IL had greater (p<0.05) mean percentage CL in the PS and QF muscles than did IE and SE steers. Growth type LL had the highest (p<0.05) mean for both moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters; while SE had the lowest numerical mean value for moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters. Shear force of the PS did not differ (p>0.05) among steers of the four growth types. Increasing challenges to the cattle feeding industry may dictate that pasture development play a larger role in future production regimes. Producers should strive to match genetic growth type with available resources in order to remain viable and continue producing a quality product.

ular Consumption of Concord Grape Juice Benefits Human Immunity

Cheryl A. Rowe,Meri P. Nantz,Carmelo Nieves Jr.,Robin L. West,Susan S. Percival 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

γδ T cells are important immune surveillance cells residing in epithelial layers lining the intestine, lung, and reproductive tract. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that consumption of dietary compounds from grapes would modify γδ T-cell function. Other factors related to immune function after grape juice consumption were also tested. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel intervention was conducted: 100% grape juice made from Concord grapes or a placebo beverage was consumed by 85 individuals daily for 9 weeks. Subjects were asked not to consume other red, blue, and purple fruits during the study. Blood samples, taken at the beginning and the end, were analyzed for γδ T-cell numbers and proliferation, vitamin C, antioxidant capacity, and the ability to protect DNA from strand breaks. Those consuming the grape juice had significantly greater numbers of circulating γδ T cells and higher serum vitamin C levels compared to the placebo by two-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (P<.05). Individuals consuming the placebo had lower serum antioxidant activity, less γδ T-cell proliferation, and increased DNA strand breaks when challenged with H2O2. Analysis of the data by structural equation modeling confirmed that 61% of the variance in biological functions at 9 weeks was due to grape juice consumption. Based on conventional statistical analyses, as well as on sophisticated modeling techniques, regular consumption of purple grape juice in the absence of other red, blue, or purple fruits benefited immunity in healthy, middle-aged human subjects.

Detailed one-dimensional seismic velocity profiles beneath the Himalayan collision zone: evidence for a double Moho?

김우한,Charlotte A. Rowe,In-Kyeong Hahm 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.1

Seismicity in the Himalaya indicates that relatively deep earthquakes (focal depth 40~100 km) occur in specific regions beneath the High Himalaya and Nepal. This study focuses on these specific regions to estimate the detailed velocity structure of the lower crust and upper mantle. We selected 202 earthquakes from the Himalaya Nepal Tibet Seismic Experiment (HIMNT) and relocated these earthquakes accurately by applying a genetic algorithm locator, GA-MHYPO (Kim et al., 2006). The detailed one-dimensional P-velocity structure is estimated based on travel-time inversion using hypocentral parameters determined by GA-MHYPO. Computational results show two velocity anomalies exhibiting upper-mantle velocities at depth of about 4550 and 60 km, respectively, beneath the High Himalayan region, whereas a single Moho exists at about 55 km depth beneath Nepal. To validate the stability of these results, a bootstrapping method was used for the inversion.

Korean Red Ginseng aqueous extract improves markers of mucociliary clearance by stimulating chloride secretion

Do-Yeon Cho,Daniel Skinner,Shaoyan Zhang,Ahmed Lazrak,Dong Jin Lim,Christopher G. Weeks,Catherine G. Banks,Chang Kyun Han,Si-Kwan Kim,Guillermo J. Tearney,Sadis Matalon,Steven M. Rowe,Bradford A.Woodw 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

Background: Abnormal chloride (Cl⁻) transport has a detrimental impact on mucociliary clearance in both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis. Ginseng is a medicinal plant noted to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The present study aims to assess the capability of red ginseng aqueous extract (RGAE) to promote transepithelial Cl⁻ secretion in nasal epithelium. Methods: Primary murine nasal septal epithelial (MNSE) [wild-type (WT) and transgenic CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP>], fisher-rat-thyroid (FRT) cells expressing human WT CFTR, and TMEM16A-expressing human embryonic kidney cultures were utilized for the present experiments. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and airway surface liquid (ASL) depth measurements were performed using microeoptical coherence tomography (mOCT). Mechanisms underlying transepithelial Cl⁻ transport were determined using pharmacologic manipulation in Ussing chambers and whole-cell patch clamp analysis. Results: RGAE (at 30㎍/mL of ginsenosides) significantly increased Cl⁻ transport [measured as change in short-circuit current (ΔISC = ㎂/㎠)] when compared with control in WT and CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP> MNSE (WT vs control = 49.8±2.6 vs 0.1 +/- 0.2, CFTR<SUP>-/-</SUP> = 33.5±1.5 vs 0.2±0.3, p < 0.0001). In FRT cells, the CFTR-mediated ΔISC attributed to RGAE was small (6.8 ± 2.5 vs control, 0.03 ± 0.01, p < 0.05). In patch clamp, TMEM16A-mediated currents were markedly improved with co-administration of RGAE and uridine 5-triphosphate (8406.3 +/- 807.7 pA) over uridine 5-triphosphate (3524.1 +/- 292.4 pA) or RGAE alone (465.2 +/- 90.7 pA) (p < 0.0001). ASL and CBF were significantly greater with RGAE (6.2 +/- 0.3 ㎛ vs control, 3.9 +/- 0.09 ㎛; 10.4+/-0.3 ㎐ vs control, 7.3 ± 0.2 ㎐; p < 0.0001) in MNSE. Conclusion: RGAE augments ASL depth and CBF by stimulating Cl⁻ secretion through CaCC, which suggests therapeutic potential in both CF and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis.

Inhibition of Neoplastic Transformation of Benzo[α]pyrene-Treated BALB/c 3T3 Murine Cells by a Phytochemical Extract of Passionfruit Juice

Susan S. Percival,Meri P. Nantz,Cindy DeNiera,Kristen Green,Stephen T. Talcott,Cheryl A. Rowe 한국식품영양과학회 2004 Journal of medicinal food Vol.7 No.4

The phytochemical composition of passionfruit juice (PFJ) was hypothesized to have valuable anti-cancer ac-tivity, and this was tested in a BALB/c 3T3 neoplastic transformation model. A higher concentration of PFJ compared witha lower concentration was effective in reducing the number, size, and invasiveness of transformed foci. When incubated withanother mammalian cell line, the MOLT-4, PFJ was unable to alter the cell cycle kinetics while at the same time was suc-cessful in inducing the activity of caspase-3, an enzyme that commits the cell to apoptosis. This suggests that phytochemicalsfound in PFJ were able to produce the changes in transformed foci due to apoptotic mechanisms rather than by a reductionin cell proliferation. These beneficial results were achieved at levels that could theoretically be attained in the plasma afterconsumption of the juice.

A review of Magnetic Refrigeration Technology

S. Jeong,T. Numazawa,A. Rowe 한국초전도저온학회 (구 한국초전도저온공학회) 2006 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.8 No.2

COLD NEUTRONS AT NIST

J. M. ROWE,R. E. WILLIAMS,P. A KOPETKA 한국원자력학회 2006 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.38 No.5

The design process for the series of cold neutron sources installed at NIST is presented, with particular emphasis on thereason for the decisions and choices made. These developments are used to illustrate some of the general principles of CNSdesign