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Legacy and Impacts of the Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI)
Robbie A. Marshall,이혁진 한국정보관리학회 2009 정보관리학회지 Vol.26 No.2
The Computer Interchange of Museum Information (CIMI), operating from 1990-2003, was charged with creating and introducing the international museum community to the concept of adopting metadata industry standards. The CIMI consortium exceeded its original mission by; creating a standards framework, profile, testbeds, important metadata publications, free downloadable metadata software and protocols, and providing instrumental guidance and support in development of new projects. However, CIMI’s emphasis on the importance and utility of a standards-based approach and the necessity for implementing the CIMI Standards Framework is probably its most important achievement. During CIMI’s tenure, museums reaped the benefits by learning how to apply the model and standards to meet their individual needs while not having to invent new ones or bear the cost of software development. Although CIMI operations ceased in 2003, its impacts on museum related metadata application and research were unprecedented in that it provided the standards prototype and foundations on which to build. This paper discusses what CIMI bequeathed to the next generation of museum metadata field developers and describes the anticipated realm of future projects and advancement.
Holder, Alvin A.,Marshall, Sophia C.,Wang, Peng George,Kwak, Chee-Hun Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.3
The mechanism of the decomposition of a bronchodilator, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) by a bronchoconstrictor, aqueous sulfite, has been investigated in detail. The decomposition was studied using a conventional spectrophotometer at 336 nm over the ranges: 0.010 ≤ $[S^{IV}]_T$ ≤ 0.045 mol $dm^{-3}$, 3.96 ≤ pH ≤ 6.80 and 15.0 ≤ θ≤ 30.0 ℃, 0.60 ≤ I ≤ 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$, and at ionic strength 1.00 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl). The rate of reaction is dependent on the total sulfite concentration and pH in a complex manner, i.e., $k_{obs}\;=\;k_1K_2[S^{IV}]_T/ ([H^+]\;+\;K_2)$. At 25.0 ℃, the second order rate constant, $k_1$, was determined as $12.5\;{\pm}\;0.15\;mol^{-1}\;dm^3\;s^{-1}$. ${\Delta}H^{neq}\;=\;+32\;{\pm}\;3 kJ\;mol^{-1}\;and\;{\Delta}S^{\neq}\;=\;-138\;{\pm}\;13\;J\;mol^{-1}K^{-1}$. The N-nitrosohydroxylamine-N-sulfonate ion was detected as an intermediate before the formation of any of the by-products, namely, N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine. The effect of concentration of aqueous copper(Ⅱ) ions on this reaction was also examined at pH 4.75, but there was no dependence on $[Cu^{2+}]$. In addition, the $pK_a$ of SNAP was determined as 3.51 ± 0.06 at 25.4 ℃ [I = 1.0 mol $dm^{-3}$ (NaCl)].
Structural Switch of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase between Translation and Transcription
Ofir-Birin, Y.,Fang, P.,Bennett, Steven P.,Zhang, H.M.,Wang, J.,Rachmin, I.,Shapiro, R.,Song, J.,Dagan, A.,Pozo, J.,Kim, S.,Marshall, Alan G.,Schimmel, P.,Yang, X.L.,Nechushtan, H.,Razin, E.,Guo, M. Cell Press 2013 Molecular Cell Vol.49 No.1
Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS), a component of the translation apparatus, is released from the cytoplasmic multi-tRNA synthetase complex (MSC) to activate the transcription factor MITF in stimulated mast cells through undefined mechanisms. Here we show that Ser207 phosphorylation provokes a new conformer of LysRS that inactivates its translational function but activates its transcriptional function. The crystal structure of an MSC subcomplex established that LysRS is held in the MSC by binding to the N terminus of the scaffold protein p38/AIMP2. Phosphorylation-created steric clashes at the LysRS domain interface disrupt its binding grooves for p38/AIMP2, releasing LysRS and provoking its nuclear translocation. This alteration also exposes the C-terminal domain of LysRS to bind to MITF and triggers LysRS-directed production of the second messenger Ap<SUB>4</SUB>A that activates MITF. Thus our results establish that a single conformational change triggered by phosphorylation leads to multiple effects driving an exclusive switch of LysRS function from translation to transcription.
Alexis R. Peedin,Irina Perjar,Marshall A. Mazepa,Marian A. Rollins-Raval,Yara A. Park,Jay S. Raval 대한혈액학회 2019 Blood Research Vol.54 No.2
BackgroundTransfusion medicine (TM) knowledge varies widely among physician trainees. In addi-tion, there have been few instances in which curricular changes have been meaningfully assessed for TM education in medical school.MethodsWe created and presented a novel lecture to improve TM knowledge for graduating medi-cal students using eight objectives designed to reinforce critical information about blood management. Each objective was coded according to unique color schemes, fonts, and graphics to create visual associations while quickly and clearly presenting complex concepts. The validated BEST Collaborative exam was used to measure changes in student TM knowledge, while a survey was conducted to gauge changes in confidence for each objective. Students were asked to submit anonymous feedback about their experiences. ResultsThe mean student post-course exam score was 50.0%, while the pre-course baseline score was 27.5% (P<0.0001). Mean confidence levels increased significantly for all objectives. Student feedback was universally positive.ConclusionThis study improved knowledge and confidence for graduating medical students by utiliz-ing engaging and visually stimulating presentations to display high-impact TM material. However, further efforts are needed to optimize learning.
Bachelet, E.,Shin, I.-G.,Han, C.,Fouqué,, P.,Gould, A.,Menzies, J. W.,Beaulieu, J.-P.,Bennett, D. P.,Bond, I. A.,Dong, Subo,Heyrovský,, D.,Marquette, J.-B.,Marshall, J.,Skowron, J.,Street, IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.754 No.1
<P>Microlensing detections of cool planets are important for the construction of an unbiased sample to estimate the frequency of planets beyond the snow line, which is where giant planets are thought to form according to the core accretion theory of planet formation. In this paper, we report the discovery of a giant planet detected from the analysis of the light curve of a high-magnification microlensing event MOA 2010-BLG-477. The measured planet-star mass ratio is q = (2.181 +/- 0.004) x 10(-3) and the projected separation is s = 1.1228 +/- 0.0006 in units of the Einstein radius. The angular Einstein radius is unusually large theta(E) = 1.38 +/- 0.11 mas. Combining this measurement with constraints on the 'microlens parallax' and the lens flux, we can only limit the host mass to the range 0.13 < M/M-circle dot < 1.0. In this particular case, the strong degeneracy between microlensing parallax and planet orbital motion prevents us from measuring more accurate host and planet masses. However, we find that adding Bayesian priors from two effects (Galactic model and Keplerian orbit) each independently favors the upper end of this mass range, yielding star and planet masses of M-* = 0.67(-0.13)(+0.33) M-circle dot and m(p) = 1.5(-0.3)(+0.8) M-JUP at a distance of D = 2.3 +/- 0.6 kpc, and with a semi-major axis of a = 2(-1)(+3) AU. Finally, we show that the lens mass can be determined from future high-resolution near-IR adaptive optics observations independently from two effects, photometric and astrometric.</P>