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Kapoor, S.,Goel, A.,Correia, A.F.,Pascual, M.J.,Lee, H.Y.,Kim, H.W.,Ferreira, J.M.F. Elsevier 2015 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.53 No.-
The present study reports on the influence of partial replacement of MgO by ZnO on the structure, crystallisation behaviour and bioactivity of alkali-free bioactive glass-ceramics (GCs). A series of glass compositions (mol%): 36.07 CaO-(19.24-x) MgO-x ZnO-5.61 P<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>-38.49 SiO<SUB>2</SUB>-0.59 CaF<SUB>2</SUB> (x=2-10) have been synthesised by melt-quench technique. The structural changes were investigated by solid-state magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The sintering and crystallisation behaviours of glass powders were studied by hot-stage microscopy and differential thermal analysis, respectively. All the glass compositions exhibited good densification ability resulting in well sintered and mechanically strong GCs. The crystallisation and mechanical behaviour were studied under non-isothermal heating conditions at 850<SUP>o</SUP>C for 1h. Diopside was the primary crystalline phase in all the GCs followed by fluorapatite and rankinite as secondary phases. Another phase named petedunnite was identified in GCs with ZnO content >4mol. The proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) on GCs was revealed to be Zn-dose dependent with the highest performance being observed for 4mol% ZnO.
Julio A. Chalela,Charles Andrews,Anna Bashmakov,Niren Kapoor,Danuel Snelgrove 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.2
Background and Purpose An association between Guillain–Barre syndrome and its variants (GBS/V) and vaccines has led to hesitancy toward vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines could theoretically provoke GBS/V via immune activation. We analyzed reports of GBS/V after COVID-19 vaccination in the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS). Methods The VAERS database is a surveillance system used to report vaccination events in the USA, and is open for consumers and physicians to access. It was queried for reports of GBS/V following COVID-19 vaccination. Reports were reviewed by four neurologists. Modified diagnostic criteria were used to classify reports into definite, possible, and not GBS/V or insufficient data. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, chi-square tests and one-way ANOVAs were used to compare intergroup differences, and t-test were used to compare group means. Results In 2021, 815 reports of GBS/V were filed. The completion rate for the variables in VAERS was 93.5%. The median age was 55 years (interquartile range [IQR]=5–86 years) and 50% of the subjects were male. The median time of onset was 10 days (IQR=0–298 days), 11% reported onset on the day of vaccination, and 13% reported onset after 6 weeks. Hospitalization was reported by 77%, with a median stay of 7 days (IQR=1–150 days). Lack of recovery, permanent disability, and death constituted 57%, 46%, and 2% of the reports, respectively. Based on GBS/V criteria, 47% of the cases were definite, 16% were possible, and 37% were not GBS/V or insufficient data. An alternate diagnosis was provided in 9% of cases. Conclusions GBS/V reports following COVID-19 vaccination were common, but many occurred outside of the expected timelines for GBS/V. Only 47% of cases represented definite GBS/V.
Debarati Chattopadhyay,Madhubari Vathulya,Manisha Naithani,Praveen A Jayaprakash,Sarika Palepu,Arkapal Bandyopadhyay,Akshay Kapoor,Uttam Kumar Nath 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2021 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.22 No.1
Background: Children with cleft lip and/or palate can be undernourished due to feeding difficulties after birth. A vicious cycle ensues where malnutrition and low body weight precludes the child from having the corrective surgery, in the absence of which the child fails to gain weight. This study aimed to identify the proportion of malnutrition, including the deficiency of major micronutrients, namely iron, folate and vitamin B12, in children with cleft lip and/or palate and thus help in finding out what nutritional interventions can improve the scenario for these children. Methods: All children less than 5 years with cleft lip and/or cleft palate attending our institute were included. On their first visit, following were recorded: demographic data, assessment of malnutrition, investigations: complete blood count and peripheral blood film examination; serum albumin, ferritin, iron, folate, and vitamin B12 levels. Results: Eighty-one children with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Mean age was 25.37± 21.49 months (range, 3–60 months). In 53% of children suffered from moderate to severe wasting, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Iron deficiency state was found in 91.6% of children. In 35.80% of children had vitamin B12 deficiency and 23.45% had folate deficiency. No correlation was found between iron deficiency and the type of deformity. Conclusion: Iron deficiency state is almost universally present in children with cleft lip and palate. Thus, iron and folic acid supplementation should be given at first contact to improve iron reserve and hematological parameters for optimum and safe surgery
Blistering kinetics in H-implanted 4H-SiC for large-area exfoliation
Sharma Madan,Soni K.K.,Kumar Ashutosh,Ohkubo Tadakatsu,Kapoor A.K.,Singh Rajendra 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.31 No.-
Layer transfer of single-crystalline SiC based on layer splitting and wafer bonding on an alternate substrate is a viable approach to fabricate SiC power devices at a lower cost. Dependence of implantation-induced surface blistering and exfoliation of thin layers, on the implantation parameters and subsequent annealing conditions, for large area exfoliation of 4H-SiC have been studied. We report the optimization of the annealing process (one-step or two-step) and annealing parameters like temperature and time to achieve large area exfoliation of SiC. Using the F¨oppl-von Karman (FvK) theory, the pressure inside the blister cavities and implantation-induced stress inside the damage region have been studied. We deduce that pressure inside the blister depends primarily on the blister size. HRXRD analysis has been used to determine the strain relaxation behavior as a function of annealing conditions. Raman spectroscopy and STEM measurements revealed the formation of defects inside the material due to ion implantation. AFM, Nomarski, and SEM were used to measure the size and depth details of the blisters as a function of annealing temperature and time. We have successfully exfoliated large area (up to 500 μm) in a two-step annealing process. The results reported in this paper are useful for SiC layer transfer on an arbitrary substrate by the Smart Cut process.
Three-Dimensional Microstructural Modelling Of Wear, Crack Initiation and Growth In Rail Steel
D.I. Fletcher,F.J. Franklin,J.E. Garnham,E. Muyupa,M. Papaelias,C.L. Davis,A. Kapoor,M. Widiyarta,G. Vasie 한국철도학회 2008 International Journal of Railway Vol.1 No.3
Rolling-sliding, cyclic contact of wheel and rail progressively alters the microstructure of the contacting steels, eventually leading to micro-scale crack initiation, wear and macro-scale crack growth in the railhead. Relating the microstructural changes to subsequent wear and cracking is being accomplished through modelling at three spatial scales: (ⅰ) bulk material (ⅱ) multi-grain and (ⅲ) sub-grain. The models incorporate detailed information from metallurgical examinations of used rails and tested rail material. The initial 2-dimensional models representing the rail material are being further developed into 3-dimensional models. Modelling is taking account of thermal effects, and traffic patterns to which the rails are exposed.
Three-Dimensional Microstructural Modelling of Wear, Crack Initiation and Growth in Rail Steel
Fletcher, D.I.,Franklin, F.J.,Garnham, J.E.,Muyupa, E.,Papaelias, M.,Davis, C.L.,Kapoor, A.,Widiyarta, M.,Vasic, G. The Korean Society for Railway 2008 International Journal of Railway Vol.1 No.3
Rolling-sliding, cyclic contact of wheel and rail progressively alters the microstructure of the contacting steels, eventually leading to micro-scale crack initiation, wear and macro-scale crack growth in the railhead. Relating the microstructural changes to subsequent wear and cracking is being accomplished through modelling at three spatial scales: (i) bulk material (ii) multi-grain and (iii) sub-grain. The models incorporate detailed information from metallurgical examinations of used rails and tested rail material. The initial 2-dimensional models representing the rail material are being further developed into 3-dimensional models. Modelling is taking account of thermal effects, and traffic patterns to which the rails are exposed.