Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1)

Min A Kwak,Soo Jin Park,Sung Hwan Park,Young Joon Lee,Sae Kwang Ku 대한한의학회 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (1) - Single Oral Combination Treatment of Tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg within 5 min -

Kwak, Min A,Park, Soo Jin,Park, Sung Hwan,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang The Society of Korean Medicine 2016 대한한의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) on the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in combination therapy as a process of the comprehensive and integrative medicine against breast cancer. Methods: After 50 mg/kg of tamoxifen treatment, JEKHT 100 mg/kg was orally administered within 5 min. The plasma were collected at 30 min before administration, 30min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of JEKHT treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered rats. Results: JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after single oral co-administration, within 5min except for some negligible effects on plasma concentration. The $T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$ of tamoxifen in co-administered rats were quite similar to those of tamoxifen single treated rats. Conclusions: Based on the results of the present study, JEKHT did not influenced on the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen, when they were single co-administered within 5min. However, more detail pharmacokinetic studies should be tested to conclude the possibilities that can be used as comprehensive and integrative therapy with JEKHT and tamoxifen for breast cancers, when they were co-administered, like the effects on the pretreatment of JEKHT and after repeat co-administrations.

Genetic diversity analysis of Agaricus bisporus strains by Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and SSR–PCR

Kyong-Jin Min,Sang-Su Kim,A-Min Kwak,Youn-Lee Oh,Won-Sik Kong,Hee-Wan Kang 한국버섯학회 2014 버섯 Vol.18 No.2

Twenty Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and 30 SSR primers were used to assess genetic diversity of 64 Agaricus strains including 45 A. bisporus strains and other 19 Agaricus spp. Of them, four ISSR primers, (GA)₈T, (AG)₈YC, (GA)₈C and (CTC)₆and seven SSR markers produced PCR polymorphic bands between the Agaricus species or within A. bisporus strains. PCR polymorphic bands were inputted for UPGMA cluster analysis. Forty five strains of A. bisporus are genetically clustered into 6 groups, showing coefficient similarity from 0.75 to 0.9 among them. The varieties, Saea, saedo, Saejeong and Saeyeon that have recently been developed in Korea were involved in the same group with closely genetic relationship of coefficient similarity over 0.96, whereas, other strains were genetically related to A. bisporus strains that were introduced from USA, Eroupe and Chinese.

가압가열 및 Microwave 처리에 의한 중력분 Gliadin의 항원성 변화

곽지희(Ji-Hee Kwak),김꽃봉우리(Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim),이청조(Chung-Jo Lee),김민지(Min-Ji Kim),김동현(Dong-Hyun Kim),선우찬(Chan Sunwoo),정슬아(Seul-A Jung),강주연(Ju-Youn Kang),김현지(Hyun-Jee Kim),최정수(Jung-Su Choi),김성원(Seong-Won 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.10

본 연구에서는 가압가열 및 microwave 처리가 gliadin의 항원성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 중력분에 가압가열과 microwave를 단독 또는 병행으로 처리하여 Ci-ELISA, SDS-PAGE 및 immunoblotting을 실시하였다. 가압가열 처리의 경우, 처리 시간이 길어질수록 IgG와의 결합력이 감소하였으며, 특히 50분 처리구에서 약 69%로 가장 낮은 결합력을 보였다. 또한 SDS-PAGE와 immunoblotting 결과에서도 무처리구에서 강하게 보였던 gliadin band가 처리에 의해 거의 소실되고 항체와 반응하지 않았다. 가압가열 및 microwave를 병행 처리한 경우도 마찬가지로 gliadin의 결합력이 다소 감소하였으며, 처리구 중에서는 가압가열 50분, microwave 5분 처리구에서 약 73%로 가장 낮은 결합력을 보였다. 반면 microwave를 단독으로 처리하였을 때에는 일부 단백질의 변화는 관찰되었으나 항원성 감소에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 통해 가압가열을 단독 처리에 의해 gliadin의 항원성이 다소 감소되었으며, microwave 병행 처리에 의한 차이는 크게 나타나지 않은 것을 확인하였다. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical treatments on the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat flour. The wheat flour was treated with an autoclave (5, 10, 30, 50 min), a microwave (1, 5, 10 min), and both (10, 30, 50 min/ 5, 10 min), and investigated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and Ci-ELISA using anti-gliadin IgG. The results showed that the binding ability of anti-gliadin IgG to gliadin in wheat flour was slightly decreased when autoclaved or when autoclaved and microwaved. Especially, it was reduced to about 69% after autoclaving for 50 min and 73% after autoclaving for 50 min and microwaving for 5 min. In addition, gliadin bands in the 50 min autoclaved group disappeared in both SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. On the other hand, the antigenicity of gliadin was unaffected by microwaving alone. Consequently, there were no considerable changes in using an autoclave alone or in combination with a microwave. These results suggest that autoclaving may affect the reduction of the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat flour.

가압가열 및 microwave에 의한 중력분 반죽 gliadin의 항원성 변화

곽지희(Ji-Hee Kwak),김꽃봉우리(Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim),이청조(Chung-Jo Lee),김민지(Min-Ji Kim),김동현(Dong-Hyun Kim),선우찬(Chan Sunwoo),정슬아(Seul-A Jung),김현지(Hyun-Jee Kim),최정수(Jung-Su Choi),김성원(Seong-Won Kim),안동현(Dong-Hyun 한국식품과학회 2012 한국식품과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구에서는 가압가열 및 microwave 처리에 의한 중력분 반죽 추출물 내의 gliadin 단백질의 항원성 변화에 대해 살펴보았다. 중력분 반죽에 가압가열과 microwave를 단독 또는 병행으로 처리하여 ci-ELISA, SDS-PAGE 및 immunoblotting을 실시하였으며, 가압가열 처리에 의해서 anti-gliadin IgG 항체와 gliadin과의 결합력이 다소 감소한 것을 확인하였다. 특히 30 min 이상 처리시 더욱 감소한 것으로 나타났으며, SDS-PAGE와 immunoblotting 결과에서도 gliadin band의 강도가 약해지고 항체와의 반응도 나타나지 않았다. Microwave 처리의 경우, 5 min 이상 처리시 일부 gliadin 단백질의 소실이 관찰되었으나, 항원성에는 큰 변화가 없었다. 또한 가압가열 및 microwave 병행 처리에 의해 항원-항체 결합력이 더욱 감소되었으며, 특히 가압가열 50 min, microwave 10 min 처리시 약 35.0%로 감소되었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 가압가열 처리에 의해 중력분 반죽 추출물 내 gliadin의 항원성이 감소되는 것을 확인하였으며, microwave와 병행 처리하는 경우, 더욱 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal physical treatment to reduce the antigenicity of gliadin in wheat dough. Medium wheat dough was treated with an autoclave (5, 10, 30, and 50 min at 121℃, 1 atm), a microwave (1, 5, and 10 min) or both (10, 30, and 50 min/5, 10 min). The proteins in the dough extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and the binding ability of anti-gliadin IgG to gliadin was examined by ci-ELISA and immunoblotting. Results showed that the ability of anti-gliadin IgG to bind to gliadin in wheat dough treated with an autoclave alone or in combination with a microwave was decreased. Especially, it declined to ~77% after autoclaving for 30 min and 35% after both autoclaving for 50 min and microwaving for 5 min. In addition, the intensity of gliadin bands in SDS-PAGE were weakened and anti-gliadin IgG did not recognize gliadin in immunoblotting. However, microwaving alone did not affect the antigenicity of gliadin in wheat dough. These results indicate that autoclaving may affect the reduction of the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat dough. Moreover, autoclaving in combination with microwaving is more effective for reducing the antigenicity of wheat dough.

생체흡착, 탈착 및 회화를 이용한 시안 용액으로부터 금의 회수

배민아(Min A Bae),곽인섭(In-Seob Kwak),원성욱(Sung Wook Won),윤영상(Yeoung-Sang Yun) 한국청정기술학회 2010 청정기술 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구에서는 Au(I) 이온을 함유한 시안 용액으로부터 다른 형태의 금을 회수하기 위하여 생체흡착 후 탈착하는 방법과 생체흡착 후 회화하는 방법을 제안하였다. 생체흡착제로는 아미노산 발효 공정에서 발생하는 균체 폐기물(Corynebacterium glutamicum)을 사용하였다. 바이오매스의 흡착 특성을 알아 보기 위하여 pH edge 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 흡착성능은 pH 2-3 부근에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 등온흡착 실험 결과를 Langmuir 모델에 적용한 결과 Au(I)의 최대 흡착량은 pH 2.5에서 35.15 mg/g이었다. 흡착 속도론 실험을 통해 흡착 평형은 60분 이내의 짧은 시간 내에 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다. Au(I)을 회수하기 위하여 바이오매스에 흡착된 Au(I)을 탈이온수를 이용하여 탈착을 시켰으며, 탈착효율은 91%로 평가되었다. 이 결과는 바이오매스를 이용하여 흡착과 탈착을 통해 1가 금을 효과적으로 회수할 수 있음을 보여준다. 영가 형태로 회수하기 위하여, 금을 흡착하고 있는 생체흡착제를 회화하여 환원된 형태의 금을 성공적으로 회수하였으며, 회분 중 금의 순도는 85% 이상이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 제시한 생체흡착 후 탈착(1가 형태) 공정과 생체흡착 후 회화(영가 형태) 공정은 회수하고자 하는 금의 산화수에 따라 선택하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this study, we propose two methods able to recover different type of gold from gold-cyanide solutions: biosorption and desorption process for mono-valent gold recovery and biosorption and incineration process for zero-valent gold recovery. The waste bacterial biomass of Corynebacterium glutamicum generated from amino acid fermentation industry was used as a biosorbent. The pH edge experiments indicated that the optimal pH range was pH 2 - 3. From isothermal experiment and its fitting with Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake capacity of Au(I) at pH 2.5 were determined to be 35.15 mg/g. Kinetic tests evidenced that the process is very fast so that biosorption equilibrium was completed within the 60 min. To recover Au(I), the gold ions were able to be successfully eluted from the Au-loaded biosorbent by changing the pH to pH 7 and the desorption efficiency was 91%. This indicates that the combined process of biosorption and desorption would be effective for the recovery of Au(I). In order to recover zero-valent gold, the Au-loaded biosorbents were incinerated. The content of zero-valent gold in the incineration ash was as high as 85%. Therefore, we claim on the basis of the results that two suggested combined processes could be useful to recover gold from cyanide solutions and chosen according to the type of gold to be recovered.

보문 : PCR 다형성에 의한 양송이(Agaricus bisporus) 계통의유전적 다양성 분석

민경진 ( Kyong Jin Min ),김종군 ( Jong Kun Kim ),곽아민 ( A Min Kwak ),공원식 ( Won Sik Kong ),오연희 ( Youn Hee Oh ),강희완 ( Hee Wan Kang ) 한국균학회 2014 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

Twelve Universal fungal PCR fingerprint (UFPF) primers that were modified from Universal rice primer (URP) were used to assess genetic diversity of 64 Agaricus strains including 45 A. bisporus strains and other 19 strains of other Agaricus spp. Eight primers, UFPF1, UFPF2, UFPF3, UFPF7, UFPF9, UFPF10, UFPF11, and UFPF12 produced PCR polymorphic bands within and between the Agaricus species. Primer UFPF7 produced specific PCR polymorphic bands that are distinct Korean strain from different strains. Ninety five PCR polymorphic bands were inputted for UPGMA cluster analysis. Forty five strains of A. bisporusare genetically clustered into 8 groups, showing coefficient similarity from 0.75 to 0.9 among them. The varieties, Saea, Saedo, Saejeong and Saeyeon that have recently been developed in Korea were involved in the same group with close genetic relationship of coefficient similarity over 0.96, whereas, other Korean strains were genetically related to A. bisporus strains that were introduced from USA, Eroupe and Chinese.

Effect of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT), a Polyherbal Formula on the Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Tamoxifen in Male SD Rats (2) - Oral Combination Treatment of Tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg on JEKHT 6-day Repeated Pretreated Rats with 8-day Repeated

Park, Soo Jin,Kwak, Min A,Park, Sung Hwan,Lee, Young Joon,Ku, Sae Kwang Society of Preventive Korean Medicine 2016 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : The effects of Jaeumkanghwatang (JEKHT) co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen were observed after oral combination treatment of tamoxifen 50 mg/kg with JEKHT 100 mg/kg on JEKHT 6-day repeated oral pretreated rats with 8-day repeated co-administration to confirm the effects of JEKHT co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen. Methods : Six days after pretreatment of JEKHT 100 mg/kg, tamoxifen 50 mg/kg was co-administered with JEKHT 100 mg/kg, once a day for 8 days within 5 min. The blood were collected at 30 min before administration, 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hrs after end of first and last 8th tamoxifen treatment, and plasma concentrations of tamoxifen were analyzed using LC-MS/MS methods. PK parameters of tamoxifen ($T_{max}$, $C_{max}$, AUC, $t_{1/2}$ and $MRT_{inf}$) were analysis as compared with tamoxifen single administered. Results : Six-day repeated oral pretreatment of JEKHT and 8-day repeated oral co-administration of tamoxifen within 5 min did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of tamoxifen, oral bioavailability, as compared with tamoxifen single treated rats, except for some negligible effects. Conclusions : It is concluded that JEKHT did not influenced on the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters, the oral bioavailability of tamoxifen. Therefore, it is considered that co-administration of JEKHT and tamoxifen will be provide an effective novel treatment regimen on the comprehensive and integrative medicine for breast cancer patients, if they showed favorable synergic effects on the pharmacodynamics or reduce the tamoxifen treatment related toxicity and side effects in future studies.

물리․화학적 처리에 의한 요구르트 오염균의 생육 억제효과

선우찬(Chan Sunwoo),이소영(So-Young Lee),윤소영(So-Young Yoon),정지연(Ji-Yeon Jung),김꽃봉우리(Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri Kim),이청조(Chung-Jo Lee),곽지희(Ji-Hee Kwak),김민지(Min-Ji Kim),김동현(Dong-Hyun Kim),정슬아(Seul-A Jung),김현지(Hyun-Jee 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.12

물리?화학적 처리에 의한 요구르트 오염균의 생육억제 효과를 알아보기 위해, 요구르트의 주요 오염균을 분리?동정하고, 열, pH, 전해수, 오존가스, microwave 처리 및 감마선을 조사하여 오염균주에 대한 사멸효과를 알아보았다. 오염된 요구르트로부터 분리한 효모의 지방산 조성 분석과 API(Analytic Profile Index) kit 분석을 실시한 결과, Hanseniaspora uvarum으로 동정되었으며 잠정적으로 Hanseniaspora uvarum Y1으로 명명하였다. H. uvarum Y1의 열 및 pH 처리에 의한 생육억제 효과를 측정한 결과, 70℃ 및 80℃에서 15분 가열처리로 균이 사멸되었으며, pH 처리 시 pH 2, 3 및 9에서 생육이 다소 억제되었으며, pH 1 및 10에서 완전히 억제되었다. 전해수 처리의 경우, clear zone이 5 mm 이상으로 H. uvarum Y1이 전해수에 높은 감수성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 오존가스 처리에 의한 H. uvarum Y1의 사멸효과를 측정한 결과, 102 CFU의 균은 10분, 103 CFU의 균은 20분 처리 시 모두 사멸한 것으로 나타났으며, microwave 처리의 경우, 106 CFU 가량의 균이 1분 처리 시 모두 사멸되었다. 방사선 조사의 경우, 균수를 90% 이상 감소시키는데 필요한 조사선량이 20 kGy 이상으로 H. uvarum Y1은 감마선에 저항성이 있는 균임을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 열, pH, 전해수, 오존가스, microwave 처리를 통해 요구르트 오염균주인 H. uvarum Y1의 생육을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was conducted to investigate the cause of microbiological contamination in yogurt and evaluate the effect of physicochemical treatment on the growth inhibition of Hanseniaspora uvarum isolated from yogurt. The yeast strain Hanseniaspora uvarum Y1 was subjected to heat and pH treatments. H. uvarum Y1 was killed at 70oC and 80oC after 15 min and survived in a wide pH range from pH 2 to 9. However, it did not survive under pH 1 and over pH 10. In a disk diffusion susceptibility test on H. uvarum Y1, a clear zone (5 mm) of growth inhibition was observed upon treatment with electrolyzed water. The effect of ozone gas on the growth of H. uvarum Y1 was evaluated by viable cell count. Initial cell numbers of 102 and 103 CFU/mL of H. uvarum Y1 were completely killed by treatment for 10 and 30 min, respectively. H. uvarum Y1 was also sterilized by microwave treatment for 1 min. When treated with gamma-irradiation, the rate of killing of H. uvarum Y1 was proportional to the irradiation dose. and complete killing occurred at a dose of 50 kGy.

Dual-Gate Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors with Hexagonal Boron Nitride as Dielectric and Passivation Layers

Ra, Hyun-Soo,Lee, A-Young,Kwak, Do-Hyun,Jeong, Min-Hye,Lee, Jong-Soo American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.1

<P>Two-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has attracted much attention recently because of its applicability in high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices. BP field-effect transistors (FETs) with a tunable band gap (0.3-1.5 eV) have demonstrated a high on-off current ratio and a high hole mobility with an ambipolar behavior in global-gated devices. However, local-gated BP FETs for integrated circuits have been reported with only p-type behaviors and a low on-current compared with global-gated BP FETs. Furthermore, BP, which is not stable in air, forms sharp spikes on its surface when exposed to humid air. This phenomenon plays a role in accelerating the degradation of the electrical properties of BP devices, which can occur even within a day. In this paper, we first demonstrate the origin of transport limitations of local-gated BP FETs by comparing the transport properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)-based device architectures with those of a bottom-gated BP FET on a Si/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> substrate. By using h-BN as passivation and dielectric layers, BP FETs with a low gate operating voltage were fabricated with two different transistor geometries: top-gated and bottom-gated FETs. The highest mobility extracted from the global-gated BP FETs was 249 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP> with a subthreshold swing of 848 mV dec<SUP>-1</SUP>.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>