http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
편측성 후방연장 국소의치에서 직접유지장치의 설계와 지대치 골흡수에 따른 간접유지장치 지대치 주위조직에 발생하는 응력분석
이석현,이청희,조광헌,Lee, Suk-Hyun,Lee, Cheong-Hee,Jo, Kwang-Hun 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.1
For the purpose of evaluating the effect of both direct retainer design and bony absorption degree around abutment of indirect retainer on the supporting tissue of abutment of indirect retainer, dislodging force was transmitted to unilateral distal extension RPD bases. Analysis of stress distributed within the supporting tissue around abutment of indirect retainer was carried out. Using three-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis method and the conclusion is a follows. 1. According to the extent of force which the direct retainer of the most distal abutment tooth, the amount of force transmitted to the abutment tooth of indirect retainer was small. 2. Of all the cases, Mandibular first premolar which was used abutment tooth of indirect retainer, buccal, mesial and distal sides represented compression stress and lingual side represented tensile stress. 3. The more bone resorption of abutment tooth of indirect retainer, the more distortion of buccal and distal side of abutment tooth was existed and the extent of compression stress which was existed and distal side to abutment tooth was large. 4. When the alveolar bone around the abutment with indircet retainer is normal. The amount of force transmitted on abutment with indirect retainer was small in the order of Akers clasp, RPA clasp, RPI clasp. 5. When the alveolar bone around the abutment with indirect retainer has been absorbed 20% and 30%, the amount of force transmitted on abutment with indirect retainer was small in the order of RPA calsp, RPI clasp, Akers clasp. 6. When denture is displaced, shape of the direct retainer reciprocating abutment affect much the function of indirect retainer.
COVID-19 발생 전후 청량리종합시장 일대 전통시장들에서 나타난 영향
이석현(Lee, Seok-Hyun),이은결(Lee, Eun-Gyeol),유석연(Yoo, Suk-Yeon) 한국도시설계학회 2024 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구의 목적은 청량리종합시장 일대 전통시장들에 대한 COVID-19 전후의 영향을 도출하는것이다. 이를 위해 국내에서 첫 확진자가 발생한 2020년 1월을 기준으로, 2018년부터 2022년까지의 기간에 대해 생활인구, 매출 등의 데이터를 분석했고, 텍스트마이닝 분석을 통해 영향을 확인하며 전통시장 이용자의 행태 변화를 도출했다. 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, COVID-19 이후 시장 전체의 생활인구는 감소했으나, 개별 시장 중에서는 종합 식자재 취급 시장의 생활인구 감소가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 단위점포별 매출은 전문 특화시장에서 COVID-19 이후 증가했고, 업종별 매출은 소매업에 비해 외식업에서 더 많이 하락했고 식문화 관련어의 순위가 텍스트마이닝분석에서 하락한 것으로 나타나 전통시장에서 외식업이 감염병의 영향을 크게 받았다는 점을 입증했다. 셋째, COVID-19 이후 포장이 용이한 음식 구매와 개방된 외식공간에 대한 수요가 증가했고, 폐쇄적 실내 음식점과 대형쇼핑매장에서 감염병의 영향을 크게 받은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 개방적 실외에서 식자재를 취급하는 전통시장의 중요도가 증가했고 소비 관련어의 순위가 상승한 것으로 나타나 앞선 분석에서 생활인구 및 매출 감소폭이 적게 나타난 결과를 입증했다. 본 연구는 미래 재발가능한 팬데믹 사태에 특화산물을 취급하고 저렴한 가격으로 종합구매가 가능하며 개방된 외부공간으로 구성된 전통시장이 영향을 덜 받는다는 시사점을 제시할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to derive the impact before and after COVID-19 on traditional markets in the Cheongnyangni General Market area. To this end, for the period from 2018 to 2022 based on January 2020, when the first confirmed case occurred in Korea, data such as de facto population and sales were analyzed, and the behavior change of traditional market users was examined through text mining analysis. The findings are as follows: First, after COVID-19, the de facto population of the entire market decreased, but it was found that there was a smaller decrease in the de facto population in the comprehensive food ingredients market among individual markets. Second, sales by unit store increased after COVID-19 in specialized markets, and sales by industry fell more in the restaurant industry than in the retail industry, and the ranking of food culture-related words decreased in text mining analysis, showing that the restaurant industry in traditional markets was greatly affected by the infectious disease. Third, after COVID-19, demand for food that can be easily packaged and open dining spaces have increased, and closed indoor restaurants and large shopping stores have been found to be greatly affected by the infectious disease. Fourth, the importance of open outdoor traditional markets handling food ingredients increased and the ranking of consumption-related words in those markets increased, confirming the results of the previous analysis showing a small decrease in de facto population and sales. This study can suggest that traditional markets, which handle specialized products, enable comprehensive purchases at low prices, and are composed of open outdoor spaces, are less affected by virus pandemics that may recur in the future.
이석현 ( Suk Hyun Lee ) 중국사학회 2003 中國史硏究 Vol.23 No.-
唐宋之際在隸屬民性質上發生了根本注的變化, 所以社會存在方面隸屬民像也出現了新的面貌 出了一般的隸屬民像以外當時隸屬民和主人的關係, 可以看到兩個種類, 一個是對於主人忠直的所謂`忠僕`類, 령一個是對於主人反抗的`頑僕`類. 忠僕類在當時文獻資料上表現出和主人交往人格交感, 有的僕爲了已經死亡的主人復仇了, 有的僕犧性自己的生命救出了主人的危機. 譬如司馬光强調, 有的僕對於連自己的朋友放棄的一介士犬夫, 他一貫地守衛了舊主人, 而且直接擧行了主人的葬禮儀式. 有的婢養育了已經死亡主人的女兒, 而且嫁出去了 可是頑僕類的存在是在宋代更突出的現狀. 所謂`頑僕`類的奴僕不是完全服從了主人的命令, 而且主張自己的意見與主人進行爭論. 有的完全不聽主人的指示, 而自己的判斷下獨自地行動了. 主人們再也不可能完全控制所謂`頑僕`往往告訴官府方法想試圖解決頑僕的問題. 可是這樣情況下, 在官府相反頑僕侮辱主人們, 有的僕誣告了主人. 要之, 頑僕類經常不總主人的命令, 發生葛 藤關係, 侮辱主人, 所以當時士大夫們往往警告了頑僕類的非行. 那마這樣`忠僕`和`頑僕`當中, 什마形態是不是更接近於宋代普遍隸屬民樣態? 宋代特別是南宋時期, 在各種文集和淸明集的支獻注往可以發現`頑佃頑民悍僕姦民`的存在. 所以當時支配階層爲了控制社會秩序, 一貫强調强調`主僕之分`的倫理規範. 這樣現狀是以`主僕之分`代表的身分秩序處於危機的反證, 所以`頑僕`類的存在是比較接近於日常的隸屬民像.