Mitochondria의 Calcium Uptake에 미치는 Ouabain의 영향

홍사악(Hong, Sa-Ack),박찬웅(Park, Chan-Woong),김명석(Kim, Myung-Suk),정명희(Chung, Myung-Hee) 대한약리학회 1972 대한약리학잡지 Vol.8 No.1

Many studies on the mechanism of the inotropic action of cardiac glycosides have shown the possible intimate relationship between the mobilization of intracellular calcium and inotropic effect. Evidence obtained from recent studies suggests that cardiac glycosides may increase the intracellular Ca⁺⁺ concentration through the release of this ion from cellular or intracellular membrane. It seemed imperative to study the effect of ouabain on the interaction between mitochondria and Ca⁺⁺, because mitochondria are known to have a rather powerful Ca⁺⁺ pump mechanism which may have an important role on the regulation of intracellular Ca⁺⁺ concentration. The present investigations was made into the effect of ouabain on Ca⁺⁺ untake of mitochondria in the presence of ATP and its dependence on K⁺ and Na⁺ in the medium. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of rise in the turbidity of superprecipitation was solely influenced by ionic strength of the medium, not by the species of ion, i.e. Na⁺ or K⁺. The higher ionic strength suppressed and the lower enhanced the rate of superprecipitation respectively. 2. No effect of ouabain was found on the rate of superprecipitation. 3. Mitochondria depressed the rate of superpretipitation, and the depressed rate of superprecipitation by mitochondria was reversed by ouabain, and the degree of this reversal was almost identical in Na⁺ and K⁺ medium. 4. Ca⁺⁺ uptake of mitochondria was inhibited by ouabain in the presence of ATP and the degree of inhibition showed the dose-response manner in terms of concentration of ouabain. 5. In the absence of ATP, mitochondria took or the Ca⁺⁺ in initial period but released it later. Such uptake and release of Ca⁺⁺ was not influenced by ouabain. 6. It is suggested that intracellular calcium mobilization by ouabain through the action upon the mitochondria was due to inhibition on ATP-dependent Ca⁺⁺ uptake by this agent, not to the action upon so called binding.

인삼(人蔘) 각(各) Fraction이 Nembutal, Chlorpromazine 및 Reserpine 투여(投與)로 인(因)한 Mouse체온하강(體溫下降)에 미치는 영향(影響)

홍사악(Hong, Sa-Ack),조항영(Cho, Hang-Young),홍순근(Hong, Soon-Keun) 대한약리학회 1969 대한약리학잡지 Vol.5 No.2

Saponin, essential oil, fat oil and alkaloidal fraction were fractionated from the ethanol extract of fanax ginseng. Effect of each fraction of Panax ginseng upon the temperature response induced by reserpine, chlorpromazine and nembutal was investigated in mice, so as to secure some hidden facets of each fraction of Panax ginseng acting upon central nervous system. The authors could arrive at some results, that is: (1) Inhibitory effect of Panax ginseng upon temperature decline induced by nembutal and chlorpromazine and potentiating action upon hyperthermia induced by reserpine reside mainly in saponin fraction and slightly in essential oil fraction. (2) The effect of Ginseng saponin on temperature response in nice seems to be related with the liberation of serotonin and histamine.

향정신생약 -인삼을 주로 하여-

홍사악(Sa Ack Hong) 대한약학회 1975 약학회지 Vol.19 No.2

A Study on the Psychopharmacological Actions of Panax ginseng in Animals

홍사악,김명석,장현갑,Hong, Sa-Ack,Kim, Myeong-Seok,Jang, Hyeon-Gap The Korean Society of Ginseng 1976 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.1 No.1

인삼이 중추신경계에 대한 작용을 검토하기 위한 일련의 연구로 본 연구에서는 전하 와 마우스를 사용하여 다음과 같은 몇 가지 행동연구를 행하였다. 1) 수면과 일반행동 분석 흰쥐를 사용하여 음식물이 충분한 정상상태와 96∼120시간 굶주린 절식상태에서 나타내는 일반행동을 분석하였다. 정상상태에서 100mg/kg 인삼투여 군은 대조 군에 비해 음식 먹는 회수가 유의성 있게 증가하였고, 반면 몸치장활동이 유의성 있게 감소 되었다, 96∼120시간의 절식상황에서는 두 인삼투여를 모두 대조 군에 비해 이동행동, 탐색행동과 같은 활동성이 유의성 있게 많고 장자기와 같은 무 활동성은 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 2) 조건 회피 반응 흰쥐를 사용하여 왕복 회피형 shuttle box에서 전기충격(VS)을 받지 않고 불빛(CS)에 의해 회피한 조건반응(CR)의 수를 학습의 지표로 삼아, 인삼 사포닌 2.5, 5.0, 50, 및 100mg/kg 투여 군과 식염수 군간에 성적을 비교하였다. 모든 인삼 사포닌투여 군의 성적이 식염수 대조 군에 비해 앞서는 경향이 뚜렷하지만 통계적으로 유의성 있는 경우는 2.5mg/kg경우 뿐이었다. 3) 공격적 정서반응 전기충격을 마우스의 발바닥에 가해 일어난 싸움에 인삼 사포닌이 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아 보았다. 인삼 사포닌을 400 mg/kg로 투여 하면 chlorpromazine 2 mg/kg로 투여한 동물처럼 공격적 행동이 유의성 있게 감소되었다. 그러나 100mg/kg의 경우에는 이렇다 할 변화를 초래하지 못하였다. As a continuation of series of works on the pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng. three kinds of behavioral experiments were carried out using rats and mice. The occurrence of component Posterns of general behavioral activity in rat was examined by visual scanning using the ting sample method in the ad lib. And he hunger deprivated situation. In normal ad lib. situation, the eating behavior of rat treated with 100mg/kg of ginseng saponin was significantly more frequent than that of saline control at the night and throughout the 24 hr period. But grooming was less frequent than the control at the same period. In the hunger situation followed by 90~120 hrs of feed deprivation, the locomotive activity and rearing awe significantly more often and sleeping was less frequent in the two dosage g roups of ginseng saponin (10 and 100 mg/kg) than in the saline group though out the observation period. Training of avoidance conditioning in rats was done in a two-way shuttle box. The number of conditioned response (CR) in which the animal avoided sucessfully an electric shock by running in to the other compartment of the hex was regarded as an index of learning performance. Ginseng saponin in doses of 2.5 mg/kg Produced a significantly increased CR in total avoidance tria1s compared with the control. Although other dosage groups of ginseng saponin (5.0, 50mg and 100 mg/kg) showed no significant statistical difference from the normal control, it tended to increase in CR in the ginseng groups than in the control. An aggressive behavior in mice was observed in n shock-generating fighting box. The occurrence of reflexive fighting between two animals induced by an electric shock applied to the feet war checked as an index of aggression. The occurrence of reciprocal fighting episode immediately after the onset. Of the shock was significantly decreased in the dosage group of 400 mg/kg ginseng saponin, but it did net differ in the 100 mg/kg group of ginseng saponin from the control group. The dose, 400 mg/kg of ginseng saponin, inhibited fighting behavior in more than 80% of the Pairs. but 100 mg/kg of ginseng did inhibit it in less than 20% of the pairs.

창출(蒼朮) Alkaloid 가 Schedule Controlled Behavior 에 미치는 영향(影響)

홍사악,문동연,Hong, Sa-Ack,Moon, Dong-Yeon 대한약리학회 1968 대한약리학잡지 Vol.4 No.1

The effect on schedule controlled behavior and toxicity of Atractylis alkaloid was investigated in the pigeons which were trained on a multiple fixed-ratio fixed-interval schedule of food presentation. Atractylis alkaloid decreased the rate of responding during both the fixed-interval and fixed ratio component of the schedule at 10 mg/kg. Further depression occurred at 30 mg/kg. This 'flat dose-response curve for depression of conditioned behavior was typical of tranquilizers. Conclusively it was suspected that Atractylis alkaloid had major tranquilizing activity.

인삼 또는 오가피 장기투여가 닭의 산란에 미치는 영향

홍사악,Hong, Sa-Ack 대한약리학회 1981 대한약리학잡지 Vol.17 No.2

The effects of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on egg production of hens are studied. The hens are fed with three dose levels of ethnaol extract of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax for 24 months. The weight of each egg and number of egg production per month were compared between control group and treated group. The average weight of egg was not influenced by treatment of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax. The number of egg production in control group was markedly decreased during cold season (from November to March). Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax markedly improve the egg production during cold season compared with control group.

지질대사(脂質代謝)와 인삼지방산류(人蔘脂肪酸類) 및 정유(精油)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

최택규,홍사악,Choi, Taik-Kyu,Hong, Sa-Ack 대한약리학회 1968 대한약리학잡지 Vol.4 No.1

The effects of the essential oil fraction and the fatty acid-fraction of the panax Ginseng on the various lipids (total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride) in serum and liver tissues of the white rats were examined and observed after the administration of the fractions for eight weeks with the following results: 1. Serum total cholesterol level was slightly decreased in the group after giving the essential oil fraction four weeks, whereas the effects in the group after giving itfor eight weeks were increased. Phospholipid level was slightly elevated both in four weeks and in eight weeks, while triglyceride level was elevated after four weeks, whereas it showed nochange at all after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, the cholesterol content was slightly decreased after four weeks and remarkably decreased after the administration for eight week. Phospholipid increased after four week administration and then rather decreased after the eight week administration, while the triglyceride content decreased both in four weeks and in eight weeks. 2. In the group giving the fatty acid-fraction, serum total cholesterol level decreased after the four week administration and then returned to the pre-experiment mean after the eight-week administration, while phospholipid level increased after the four-week administration and then returned to the pre experiment mean. Triglyceride level increased after four week administration of the fraction and rather then decreased after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, total cholesterol content decreased both after four weeks and after eight weeks, while phospholipid level also decreased from four weeks through eight weeks, whereas triglyceride level increased after four weeks, and showed rather decreasing tendency after the eight-week administration.

인삼(人蔘) 및 오가피(五加皮) 장기투여(長期投與)가 가계대사(家鷄代謝)에 미치는 영향(影響)

오세기,홍사악,Oh, Sae-Kee,Hong, Sa-Ack 대한약리학회 1976 대한약리학잡지 Vol.12 No.2

The influence of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on the metabolism of hens are studied experimentally. The hens are fed with three dose levels of ethanol extract of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax for 24 months and for comparing, there are control hens and young control hens. The results are as follows. 1. Hemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values of hens fed with Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax are not significantly. different from control group. There is tendency of decreasing of erythrocyte sedimentation rate with aging. 2. The serum total lipid values of hens fed with Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax have tendency of increment compared with control group, especially in large dose treated hens of Panax ginseng and it is statistically significant. The serum cholesterol levels of all treated hens seem to be increased without significance statistically. Serum triglyceride level is higher in young hens compared with aged, and Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax treated hens reveal much higher values than control hens. So the increment of triglyceride levels in the Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax treated hens may be mainly contribute to increment of total lipid content. 3. Long-term administration of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax seem to increase total serum protein content. Such increment seem to be due to the increment of globulin, especially gamma globulin, which is statistically significant in the large dose group of Acanthopanax. There are no differences of serum albumin levels of all the groups. 4. The blood glucose level and the glycogen content of liver and muscle have no difference among all the experimental groups. To summarize the results, the effects of Panax ginseng and Acanthopanax on the metabolism of hens have similarity in the majority of data of this experiment, and seem to be mainly influence to lipid and protein metabolisms by increasing serum triglyceride and globulin, especially gamma globulin.

가토 적혈구 세포막 $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$활성에 미치는 Carbachol의 영향

김옥진,김낙두,박찬웅,홍사악,Kim, Ok-Jin,Kim, Nak-Doo,Park, Chan-Woong,Hong, Sa-Ack 대한약리학회 1982 대한약리학잡지 Vol.18 No.2

$Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ is a component of plasma membrane in almost all animal cell, and maintains ionic distribution and membrane potential of normal cell. In the mechanism of adrenergic transmission, it is relatively well known that drug-receptor combination leads to stimulate adenylate cyclase and so on. In the cholinergic transmisison, the mechanism is not well known but is simply interpreted as the change of membrane permeability results from acetylcholine receptor interaction. To study the relationship between cholinergic transmission and membrane $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$, the effect of carbachol on $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ activity in rabbit erythrocyte membrane is studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Total ATPase, $Mg^{+2}-ATPase$ and $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ of rabbit erythrocyte membrane show maximum activities at 1mM of tris-ATP. 2) Total ATPase activity tends to increase when treated with carbachol $(10-^{-9}M-10^{-3}M)$. 3) The $Mg^{+2}-ATPase$ activity also tends to increase when treated with carbachol $(10-^{-9}M-10^{-3}M)$. 4) The $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ activity is inhibited when treated with carbachol $(10-^{-9}M-10^{-7}M)$. It is suggested that the inhibition of $Na^+,\;K^+-ATPase$ by cholinergic drugs may be considered as one part of mechanism of cholinergic transmission.

가토 적혈구 세포막 Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase활성에 미치는 Carbachol의 영향

김옥진(Ok Jin Kim),김낙두(Nak Doo Kim),박찬웅(Chan Woong Park),홍사악(Sa Ack Hong) 대한약리학회 1982 대한약리학잡지 Vol.18 No.2

Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase is a component of plasma membrane in almost all animal cell, and maintains ionic distribution and membrane potential of normal cell. In the mechanism of adrenergic transmission, it is relatively well known that drug-receptor combination leads to stimulate adenylate cyclase and so on. In the cholinergic transmisison, the mechanism is not well known but is simply interpreted as the change of membrane permeability results from acetylcholine receptor interaction. To study the relationship between cholinergic transmission and membrane Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase, the effect of carbachol on Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity in rabbit erythrocyte membrane is studied. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Total ATPase, Mg²⁺-ATPase and Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase of rabbit erythrocyte membrane show maximum activities at 1mM of tris-ATP. 2) Total ATPase activity tends to increase when treated with carbachol (10-^-9M-10^-3M). 3) The Mg²⁺-ATPase activity also tends to increase when treated with carbachol (10-^-9M-10^-3M). 4) The Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase activity is inhibited when treated with carbachol (10-^-9M-10^-7M). It is suggested that the inhibition of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase by cholinergic drugs may be considered as one part of mechanism of cholinergic transmission.