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한정일 건국대학교 1992 學術誌 Vol.36 No.1
The problem of the peaceful reunification of the Korean peninsula has been one of the two crucial tasks which the Korean nation has faced, the other being the realization of democracy. The problem of national reunification will be ultimately resolved by Koreans themselves, but the consensus among Koreans themselves is not sufficient. Their national reunification also depends on the international relations about korea among the United States, the Soviet Union, China, and Japan. Therefore, the focus of this research will be placed on whether the power relations of the four great powers allow the Korean people to achieve their national reunification. 1. The pace of change in Soviet- American relations since 1985 has seen truely breathtaking. In the fall of 1990, two historic meetings of the leaders of the erstwhile Cold War rivals accelerated that already breathtaking pace still further. At a one-day summit meeting in Helsinki, presidents George Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev jointly affirmed their common determination to reverse Iraq's aggression against Kuwait. A few days later, in Moscow, U. S. Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze joined their German, British and French colleagues in signing a treaty terminating four power occupation rights in the two German States, thus removing the last external obstacle to their full unification. 2. The interests of the United States and the Soviet Union in avoding military conflict on the Korean Peninsula have long seen converging. But until recently, the regional environment was not conducive to meaningful dialogue or cooperation to secure those interests. The rigid stances of their respective Korean allies and their lack of political access to each others ally, deprived both Washington and Moscow of sufficient room for maneuver. Recent changes in the grobal political climate and in bilateral relations involving the Soviet Union, the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, and North Korea have laid the groundwork for a much more intense multilateral dialogue to stabilize the Korean peninsula, if not yet to resolve the Korean question definitively. The most dramatic of these bilateral changes, of course, is the establishment of Soviet-South Korean diplomatic relations at the end of September 1990. 3. The development of economic relations and political contacts between Seoul and broth Moscow and Beijing reduces constraints on the flexibility of both Wastsington and Tokyo in pursuing contacts with Pyongyang, a process which would also serve the interests of advancing toward a multilateral dialogue. There has already seen fairly a dramaic evidence of this in the "unofficial" Japanese- North Korean talks in Pyongyang in September. Thus far, however, the U.S.- North Korean talkes pursued under Chinese auspices in Beijing have reportedly most been very fruitful. Even under these conditions, the two Korean states could not move directly or immediately toward a political settlement without first easing greatly their confrontational postures along their border. And in such a process, both the United States and the Soviet Union would have vital roles to play. Never have they had stronger incentives to do so and never fewer inhibitions about cooperating.