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한영호 ( Young Ho Hahn ),이은희 ( Eun Hee Lee ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2012 동방학지 Vol.159 No.-
Soon after the compilation of Chiljeongsan-naepyon (七政算內篇) in 1444, some parts of Joseon`s first domestic calendar system were revised and improved during the reign of King Sejong. Several arithmetic formulae were modified to make the prediction of the eclipse simple and convenient. The frequent and onerous recourses to the bulky ready reckoning tables were phased out of the calculation procedure owing to the new formulae invented by Joseon mathematical astronomers. All the contents of improvement were reflected in the Book of Explanations and Exercises for Eclipse Prediction, Gyosikchubobeob Garyong (交食推步法假令), which was published in 1458, the fourth year of King Sejo`s reign. The first part of this article reports on the details and effectiveness of the newly dev ised a rithmetic to calculate the following six i tems: the expansion/contraction difference of the sun, the slackening/hastening difference of the moon, the addition/subtraction difference for eclipse correction, the sunrise/sunset parts of a day, the corrected extent motion degrees at the eclipse maximum, and the lodge positions on the Red/Yellow Way. The rest of the article deals with the meaning and the origin of the newly defined formula for addition/subtraction difference used to obtain the corrected time of the conjunction and the full moon. It attracts remarkable attention because the angular speed of the moon relative to the sun was considered for the first time in the long history of East Asian calendars, in the denominator of the formula for the addition/subtraction difference for eclipse correction. Moreover, some concern was paid to explain how and why King Sejong`s point of view on the results of eclipse prediction had changed generously during the progress of establishing his own calendar from Chinese systems.
려말선초(麗末鮮初) 본국력(本國曆) 완성의 도정(道程)
한영호 ( Young Ho Hahn ),이은희 ( Eun Hee Lee ) 연세대학교 국학연구원 2011 동방학지 Vol.155 No.-
A Chinese calendar system, the Shoushili (授時曆) from the Yuan dynasty, had been acquired by astronomers of the Goryo and Joseon dynasties during the 14th and early 15th centuries. The long-term attainment brought forth the establishment of Joseon`s own system of calendar, when the first indigenous calendar system, the Chiljeongsan Naepyon (七政算內篇), was compiled and published in the 26th year of King Sejong`s reign (r. 1418-1450). In this paper, the entire period of the calendar`s acquirement was divided into three stages and then into further sub-stages, in order to see what kinds of definite matters had happened in the course of calendar learning, as well as to clarify the details of mathematical problems and obstacles that were overcome to settle the foreign system at home. This paper aims to reveal concrete aspects of the progress for calendar acquirement during every critical step. This includes the level at which Goryo was able to utilize the remarkably advanced new Shoushili system, the exact successive measures King Sejong`s scholars should have taken to assimilate the Chinese calendar, and how the enactment of the Chiljeongsan Naepyon befitted the location of Seoul. The role and significance of the Ganuidae (簡儀臺) instruments were reconsidered in connection with Joseon`s new calendar system. Some vague and ambiguous traces of mutations of the Shoushili itself and its evolution to the Datonglifa Tonggui (大統曆法通軌) of the Ming dynasty have become clear through this study. Interestingly, the materials recorded in the existing books printed by metallic movable type during King Sejong`s reign were indispensable to understand the traces clearly.