http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
실학파(實學派) 학인(學人) 홍대용(洪大容)의 중국(中國) 건축관(建築觀)과 북경(北京) 조선관(朝鮮館)에 관한 연구
한동수,Han, Dong-Soo 한국건축역사학회 2006 건축역사연구 Vol.15 No.1
This paper is focused on Damheonseo(湛軒書), an anthology written by Hong Daeyong, and I deal with Chinese Architectural views which he had experienced in his itinerary to Beijing, and the vivid pictures of Joseonkwan (called the Koryo or Joseon Embassy) located in Beijing at that time. He was a scholar of great erudition over astronomy, mathematics, military science, politics, and so on. He was interested in practical sciences at early time, and criticized secular scholars full of vanity who had presented purposeless articles. In his age of 35, Qianlong(乾隆) 30 (1764, Youngjo 41), he, a military escort, accompanied by Hong Uk, Joseon envoy and his uncle. Before his itinerary, he self-studied Chinese. Also, during a long journey he got new experiences and information around each area, deviating his group whenever he had some times. He could get more variant experiences than others because of his character full of curiosity, and his observations from the vivid lives of the time helped us get various views between Chinese and Korean architecture. Likewise, although he denounced Qing(淸) scathingly as a barbarian, he mentioned several points about the characteristics of Chinese architecture at that time. First of all, totally Chinese architecture had strong rational and practical points. Secondly, based on bountiful products, buildings along streets shown in Chinese city had sophisticated compositions, and luxurious and magnificent appearances. Thirdly, using the brick from walls to houses was so universal. Fourthly, the layouts of building with three- or four-closed courtyard had very orderly shapes, and the structure of street was also so arranged. Finally, because of stand-up lives, the scales and appearances of interior space were even more extended, and storages were less developed than those of Joseon. As another points, I found that Joseonkwan was moved next to Shushangguan(庶常館)from Huidongnanguan(會同南館) around Hanlimyuan(翰林院), and had been remodeled into a house with Korean custom in using the inner spaces, although it was followed by a closed courtyard style. Likewise, I recognized that Ondols were sure to be established in all temporary houses during the journey to Qing, and felt their strong traditional residential custom in such mentions. Now that the past pictures have disappeared and ways of life and our values have been largely changed, this study has very important meaning in comparing the ancient Chinese and Korean architecture.
부록 공정주법칙례(工程做法則例)의 해제(解題)와 권(卷)1 부분(部分)의 주석(註釋)
한동수,동건비,이성호,양희식,Han, Dong-Soo,Dong, Jian-Fei,Lee, Sung-Ho,Yang, Hee-Sick 국립문화재연구원 2010 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.43 No.2
"공정주법칙례(工程做法則例)"는 건물의 영조표준을 통일하고 공정관리제도를 강화하기 위한 목적으로 청나라 옹정(雍正) 12년(1734년) 공부에서 간행한 책이다. 영조표준을 만들기 위해 두구(斗口)를 기준으로 한 부재 하나하나의 치수가 기록되어 있으며, 공정관리를 위한 여러 비용의 기록 또한 존재 한다. 현재 이러한 기록들은 당시의 건축기술 및 건축환경을 짐작해 볼 수 있는 중요한 자료로 인식되고 있다. 하지만 우리나라 건축사학계는 북송 시기에 간행된 "영조법식(營造法式)"의 연구에 집중된 경향이 있어 "공정주법칙례"는 그 중요성은 인정 받고 있으나 아직 번역 작업조차 이뤄지지 않은 상태이다. 따라서 여기서는 "공정주법칙례"의 기본적인 내용들을 서두에 밝히고, 권1의 원문을 번역하여 소개함으로써 이후 연구의 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적을 두었다. "Gongchengzuofazeli" was published by the Ministry of Engineering (工部) in 1734, the 12th year of the Yongzheng(雍正) emperor of China's Ching Dynasty. Its purpose was the standardization of building construction and the strengthening of management policies The book records exact measurements of every material used in the building, dividing the building into sections called "dugu (斗口)." It also contains records of the funds that were needed for fair management. Today, it has great historical value because it provides information as to the state of architectural technology and environment of that time. However, the research of Korean architectural historians tends to focus on the "Yingzaofashi(營造法式)" which was written in the Northen Song Dynasty. While the significance of "Gongchengzuofazeli" is widely acknowledged, not enough interest has been garnered to even begin a full-scale translation project. This article, by summarizing in the introduction the basic contents of "Gongchengzuofazeli" and a translation of the first volume in the body, seeks as its purpose to provide data to become the foundation of future research in this area.
일제강점기 길장지구 한인 관련 건축활동과 시설에 관한 연구 -만선일보의 기사를 중심으로-
한동수,Han, Dong-soo 한국건축역사학회 2015 건축역사연구 Vol.24 No.4
This paper deals with architectural activities related to Korean society in Jichang district in North East China, focused on the articles of Manseon-ilbo published there during the Japanese colonial period. Construction-related contents in the area closely connected with topical interest, publicity, and enlightenment as a local media source provide positive grounds about pending issues in colonial situations. This paper handles with articles issued in the 1940's newspapers just before the Pacific War. At that time Japanese enter in the Chinese continent, and construct a stable basis in the intimate association with Germany and Italy, countering against the United State. Among articles regarding architecture, most of contents are based on healthcare and public facilities, and urban planning. Overwhelmingly the most popular articles are about new constructions of educational facilities and residential matters. The shortage of goods and the excessive concentration of population resulted in urban and house problems, which were particularly much more serious in Korea society. Such social atmosphere made all activities regarding building constructions, in particular educational facilities, in civil level rather than the helps of the Japanese colonial government. Thus, through education and house matters we can read a slice of Korean society to survive in the colonial environment of Jichang district.