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Myung-Ju Oh(오명주),Joo-Yeon Ha(하주연),Byung H. Jhun(전병학) 한국생명과학회 2022 생명과학회지 Vol.32 No.11
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3)는 유방암에서 항에스트로겐 내성을 유도하는 유전자들 중의 하나로 발견되었다. 우리는 이미 BCAR3가 c-jun, activator protein-1, serum response element의 promoter 등을 활성화하는 것을 보고하였다. 본 연구에서 우리는 정상 유방세포인 MCF-12A에서 estrogen response element (ERE) 활성에서의 BCAR3의 기능을 조사하였다. BCAR3의 발현이 ERE를 활성화하는 것을 발견하였다. 이 ERE 활성화는 17β-estradiol에 의해 더욱 증가하였고, 이는 항에스트론겐인 tamoxifen에 의해 억제되지 않았다. 다음으로 우리는 ERE 활성화를 이끄는 BCAR3의 신호전달 경로를 연구하였다. BCAR3에 의한 ERE 활성화는 phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase 경로 억제제인 LY294002와 AZD5363에 의해서는 억제되었으나, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 경로 억제제인 PD98059와 U0126에 의해서는 억제되지 않았다. ERE 활성화는 PI3-kinase의 catalytic subunit p110α와 Akt의 active mutant에 의해서는 유도되었고, 이 활성화는 추가적인 BCAR3에 의해서는 더욱 증가하지 않았다. 이러한 결과로부터 우리는 BCAR3가 PI3-kinase/Akt 신호전달경로를 통하여 ERE 활성화에 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 제시한다. Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3) has been identified as one of the genes that induces anti-estrogen resistance in breast cancer. We have previously reported that BCAR3 activates promoters of c-Jun, activator protein-1, and the serum response element. In this study, we investigated the functional role of BCAR3 in the activation of the estrogen response element (ERE) in normal human breast MCF-12A cells. Transient expression of BCAR3 induced ERE activation, which was further increased by 17β-estradiol treatment but was not blocked by the anti-estrogen tamoxifen. Next, we studied the signaling pathway of BCAR3 leading to ERE activation. BCAR3-mediated ERE activation was inhibited by LY294002 and AZD5363, inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase pathway, but not by PD98059 and U0126, inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. ERE activation was induced by the catalytic subunit p110α of PI3-kinase or the active mutant of Akt, and this activation was not further increased by additional BCAR3 transfection. Based on these results, we propose that BCAR3 plays an important role in ERE activation through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway in human breast MCF-12A cells.
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河明珠 대한보건협회 1985 대한보건연구 Vol.11 No.2
The present study was aimed at to find family characteristics, food habits, physical exercise and other factors related to obesity among the elementary school children in Seoul. The data used in this study were collected from both 203 obese students as a study group and 203 normal students as a control group according to their relative body weight. In addition, the data were also collected from 391 mothers of both groups of stu´dents to complement students' data. The survey for the present study was conducted from June 19 to July 13, 1984. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. Observed from the relative body weight, 203 subjects, 9.9% of the 2,052 subjects turned out to be obese. 2. Family Characteristics (1) Considering about weaning history, 53.3% of the control group had been breast · fed before the introduction of supplementary foods, which was higher than that of the study group, 44. 4%(P<0.05). 49.5% of the study group were weaned at the age of 4~6 months, while 48.5% of the control group at the age of 7~12 months(P<0.05). The result showed that the termination of breast-fed of the study group was earlier than that of the control group. (2) Considering about physical growth of family, in the study group 34.0% of fathers, 28.1% of mothers and 43.9% of brothers and/or sisters were overweight or obesity, while in the control group 15.8% of fathers, 8.9% of mothers and 7.4% of brothers and/or sisters were overweight or obesity (P<0.001). (3) Considering about physical growth and development, the mean height of the study group were 139.2cm in boys and 138.5cm in girls, while that of the control group were 132.5cm in boys and 131.9cm in girls. The mean weight of the study group were 42.0kg in boys and 40.1kg in girls, while that of the control group were 27.2kg in boys and 26.9kg in girls. Various indices of nutrition such as relative weight, Ro‥hrer index, Kaup index were determined. 3. Investigation into food habits (1) Considering about food preference, it showed no remarkable differences between both groups. In case butter, even though it was not a favorite food, 34.0% of the study group and 27.6% of the control group liked it, which was revealed that the study group liked better than the control group. Considering about taste preference, the study group liked sweet taste more than the control group. (2) Considering about food behavior, 68.5% of the study group and 85.1% of the control group had three times of meals a day, which showed tendency towards skipping meals in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.001). As far meal quantities, the study group took more than the control group(P<0.001). (3) Considering about snacking behavior, the mean frequency of snacking was 2.1 times per day in the study group while 2.5 times per day in the control group. Especially, in case of sweets and chocholates, 53.7% of the study group and 64.5% of the control group took frequently(P<0.05). 4. Physical Exercise (1) Considering about physical exercise performance of both groups, 60.6% of the study group and 67.0% of the control group exercised regularly and favorate exercises were rope-skipping and running in both groups. As far quantities of exercise, 28.1% of the study group and 26.1% of the control group similarly exercised every day. (2) Considering about preference towards exercise, 21.3% of the study group and 8.9% of the control group disliked physical education(P<0.01). 5. Mother's Attention to their Children's Health Management (1) Considering about attention to food behavior. it revealed that mothers of the study group restricted quantity of food more severe than mothers of the control group(P<0.001). (2) Considering about attention to nutrition and exercise, 23.3% of the study group and 42.0% of the control group took nutrients(P<0.001) and the most used one was the vitamines. Considering about physical exercise, it revealed that mothers of the study group took more attentions than mothers of the control group(P<0.001). Educational backgrounds of mothers were higher, mothers obtained knowledge about health through newspapers or books rather than T.V. or radio(P<0.001).
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