思想體系로 본 朝鮮時代 宮闕의 造景樣式

진상철 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 1995 서울학연구 Vol.- No.5

朝鮮時代 宮闕 建築物의 命名 特性

진상철,이상준,김영모 東新大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this study is to show the characteristics of giving names to Palaces of Chosun Dynasty and to determine the influence which Confucianism and the Five-Elements have on it. The results are as follows: 1. The name of Jungeon (正殿, the State Chamber) contains various virtues which a king should have in governing his country. 2. The Chimjeon(寢殿, the Hall containing the king's bedroom) contains a prayer for the harmony of Yin-Yang(음양). 3. The Crown Prince's Palace (東宮) contains several qualifications which a Crown Prince should meet. 4. The naming Pavilion contains four characteristics 5. The name of palace gate was named in relation to the Five-Elements or the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism. In conclusion, giving a name to Palaces of Chosun Dynasty is based on the Confucian idealism of the oneness of God and man(천인 합일) and it was realized in names of the palaces.

昌德宮 궁원 명칭의 史的 考察 : 秘苑 명칭 사용의 적합성에 대한 고찰

진상철 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.4

While the name Bee-Won has been hotly debated in terms of when people started to use it, there have been some restrictions on the use of the term because of an established theory that explains the name in relation to the rule of Japanese imperialism. Analyzing a variety of examples related to Bee-Won in historical documents, the article discusses how other names of the royal gardens (Geum-Won, Book-Won, Who-Won) were differently used, whether the term Bee-Won is appropriate, and when people started to use it. According to some royal historic records like Goong-Gwol-Ji and Sil-Lok, the name of the royal garden at Chang-Deok-Coong appears as Geum-Won, Who-Won, Sang-Rim-Won, Sang-Rim, Sang-Won, Nae-Won, Seo-Won, Book-Won, Im-Cheon, or Won-Yoo. The names of the garden may be divided into three categories: 1) names in relation to direction or location: Who-Won, Sang-Rim-Won, Sang-Won, Nae-Won, Seo-Won, Book-Won 2) sacred place (Off limits): Geum-Won 3) names of institutions (not allowing free access): Sang-Rim-Won, Bee-Won The garden of Chang-Deok-Goong may well be called Geum-Won or Bee-Won, in that it belongs to a royal palace. Bee-Won sounds more appropriate, however, since Geum-Won not only includes the unfriendly meaning "Off limits" but comes from the Chinese traditions. Created by our own traditions (not by the rule of Japanese imperialism), Bee-Won is a suitable name that has symbolism and differs from a generalized name like Who-Won.

조선조 궁궐조경양식에 나타난 유가.도가적 사상

진상철,최기수 한국조경학회 1995 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.22 No.4

Landscape Style would take various influences in general. In that of Korean Palaces religious thinking has been caused he most important factor. This conceptual attitude has been derived from Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism, the realm of ideas that had constituted the schema of culture through long times in the Orient. This paper has dealt with the influences of one's outlook on the universe, antropocentricism, and on the relationships of man and nature in those two major teachings upon the landscape style of palaces in Chosun Dynasty. The Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism in Taosim in palaces would be summarized as followings: 1. The composition of exterior spaces had been understood as a place for moral training and political morality in the world view of Confucious. 2. The view point on court circle with plants and trees had directed to the influences of beauty upon the human spirit, and it is clear in naming attitude. 3. The composition type of void and solid in palaces would focused on the completion of Confucian thoughts totally, and the method of a unit space is same. 4. The double symbolic ideas could be find out in the components of exterior space; one is Confucian in phenomena, the other is Taoism in meaning. This can be cleared in Pangji(方池), layout of natural features, and in planting methods. As a conclusion, the common spiritual base in landscape architecture of Korean old palaces can be understood as two major thinkings; Confucian philosophies and the doctrines of Taoism.

A Study on the Inscription Plan for Traditional Wonlim of Korea as World Culture Heritage - The Case of the Wonlim of Damyang, Jeonnam -

진상철 한국전통조경학회 2011 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.9 No.-

This study aimed at discussing the appropriateness and strategy for the inscription of cultural assets on UNESCO Cultural Heritages of Humanity. We carried out literature review and field observation on the 7 gardens at the same time. When applying the criteria of selection of UNESCO Cultural Heritages of Humanity, the results and suggestions are as follows;When considering domestic and international cases and possibility of inscription, it is the most effective strategically to submit the heritage with the name of ‘the Gardens of Nujeongyoungje of Damyang.’ The analysis of the 7 traditional gardens suggested that integrity and outstanding values can be recognized in the landscaping techniques, harmonizing with nature based on Confucian culture, in the identity of location as the birthplace of Gasa literature, and the connectivity and territoriality that based on the individual true nature of each site. Especially, it has an extraordinary status as the representative place where the landscaping arts of a garden and the culture of Nujeongjeyoung are mixed well. Therefore, we should develop a strategy to raise a candiate heritage as the heritage satisfying the 2nd criterion, “exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;” or the 4th criterion, “be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage (s) in human history;” However, the following supplements should be carried out in order to nominate properties. Above all things, it should be proved effectively that it has the identity of the location as the birthplace of Siga literature and was the space supporting for the cross-fertilization of Sunbee culture in order to suggest that the gardens were the exemplar and unique traditional gardens of Korea because the most critical criterion is depended on whether the heritage really has the most value of cultural landscape in the region of ‘Gasa culture of Damyang’ and throughout the Choseon age which was the time of Neo Confucianism. In addition, the representative value should be discussed by interdisciplinary studies on the functions of history, structure, arts, and society. Moreover, as the institution of UNESCO Cultural Heritages of Humanity stresses preventive measure in order to protect heritages from the risk of disasters and development, the legal and institutional measures and the comprehensive protection system to protect the 7 gardens should be made. In the end, the representative value should be discussed by interdisciplinary studies on the functions of history, structure, arts, and society. UNESCO Cultural Heritages of Humanity are now selected mainly based on the physical shape of heritages, but the results of academic studies should be included in the process of the selection in order to prove OUV. We should recognize that it is somewhat difficult to prove the OUV of heritages in Korea because interdisciplinary studies to reveal the value of heritages are not carried out well. Therefore, 1) we should implement academic studies and preservation policies well that can prove effectively the value of heritages, and 2) we should make a strategy that can show the value of heritages, understanding the several trends of the institution of UNESCO Cultural Heritages of Humanity. The most important criterion is whether it has the best value that is recognized throughout space and time. In order to prove that a heritage has the value, comparison with other similar heritages is very effective.

빌렛 형상 제어를 통한 Mg–5Bi 합금 압출재의 조직 균일도 및 기계적 물성 변화

진상철,차재원,박성혁 한국소성∙가공학회 2022 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.31 No.6

Extruded Mg–Bi binary alloys are known to have an undesirable bimodal grain structure containing a large amount of coarse unrecrystallized grains. Accordingly, to improve the microstructural homogeneity of extruded Mg–Bi alloys, it is necessary to promote the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior during hot extrusion. An effective way to promote DRX is an increase in nucleation sites for DRX through a pre-deformation process before extrusion, such as cold pre-forging and hot pre-compression. However, the application of these pre-deformation processes increases the cost of final extruded Mg products because of an increase in energy consumption and decrease in productivity. Therefore, a low-cost new continuous process with high productivity is required to improve the microstructural homogeneity and mechanical properties of extruded Mg alloys without a drastic increase in the entire process cost. This study proposes a new extrusion method using an extrusion billet with a truncated cone shape (i.e., tapered billet) instead of a conventional extrusion billet with a cylindrical shape. When the hot extrusion of a Mg–5Bi alloy is conducted using the tapered billet, the DRX behavior during extrusion is considerably promoted. The DRX fraction and average grain size of the extruded alloy significantly increase and decrease from 65% to 91% and from 225 μm to 49 μm, respectively. Consequently, the extruded Mg–5Bi alloy fabricated using the tapered billet has a finer homogeneous grain structure and higher tensile elongation than the extruded counterpart fabricated using the cylindrical billet.

고도보존법 시행에 따른 고도(공주.부여)의 발전방향

진상철,Jin, Sang-Cheol 충남발전연구원 2005 열린충남 Vol.32 No.-

창덕궁 궁원 명칭의 사적 고찰

진상철 한국전통조경학회 2003 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.21 No.3

문화재보호법에서 자연유산 분야의 개선 방향에 관한 연구 - 문화재 조경분야를 중심으로 -

진상철 한국전통조경학회 2019 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study intends to discuss the system improvement of landscape architecture field in the cultural heritage protection system, which is changing continuously. The results are as follows. First, the status of landscape architecture in cultural heritage, including natural monuments and scenic sites, must be defined. If possible, careful consideration should be given to establish the natural monuments law and scenic sites law, respectively, related to landscape architecture. Second, natural heritage must be preserved by focusing on "space" to include cultural artifacts and landscapes that may be missing through the method of "object" focused protection. Institutionally, the scope of work should be clearly shared by reviewing the redundancy and interrelationship of related laws. Third, in order to protect and manage natural heritage, a department that is wholly responsible for landscape architecture should be established independently at the Cultural Heritage Administration. Fourth, the landscape architecture field should be specified as the requirements for the commissioner of commission at the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. In addition, it is necessary to improve the system such as expending the roles of the repairing technician for landscape architecture and plants in the Cultural Heritage Protection Act. 본 연구는 지속적으로 변화하는 문화재 보호제도의 체계 속에서 문화재 조경의 제도 개선을 논의하고자 하였으며, 도출된 결과는다음과 같다. 첫째, 천연기념물 및 명승을 포함하는 문화재 조경으로서의 위상을 정립하여야 한다. 가능하다면 조경에 관련된 천연기념물 및 명승법을 분법하여 제정하는 것에 대한 면밀한 검토가 요구된다. 둘째, 자연유산은 ‘개체’ 중심의 보호에서 누락될 수 있는 문화적 산물과 주변 경관을 포함하기 위해 ‘공간’ 중심의 보존이 이루어져야 한다. 제도적으로 관계 법령의 중복성과 상호 관계를 검토하여 업무 범위를 명확하게 분담하여야 한다. 셋째, 자연유산의 보호 ‧ 관리를 위해 문화재청에 문화재 조경을 독립적이거나 주도적으로 전담할 부서를 신설하여야 한다. 넷째, 문화재보호법에 문화재위원의 위촉 자격에 조경 분야를 명시하고, 현행 ‘문화재 수리 등에 관한 법률’에서 ‘조경수리기술자’와 ‘식물보호기술자’의 역할을 확대하는 등의 제도 개선을 추진해야 한다.

충남논단 : 고도보존법 시행에 따른 고도(古都)(공주,부여)의 발전방향

진상철 충남발전연구원 2005 열린충남 Vol.32 No.-