설앵초의 종자 휴면과 발아특성

조주성,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2017 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.30 No.4

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of Alpine modest primrose (Primula modesta var. hannasanensis T.Yamaz.) for improving the conservation and utilization of the species. Seeds were collected on August 2011 in Jeju-city and well-selected seeds were dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃. Seed size ranged 0.44 ± 0.07 × 0.61 ± 0.04 ㎜, and weight of 1,000 seeds was 51.78 ± 0.021 ㎎. Thus the seed was classified as ‘dwarf seeds’. As the result of dormancy characteristics, moisture content of freshly matured seeds increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment and seeds did not germinate at 20℃ for 4 weeks under the light condition. Therefore, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dry-stored seeds were found to be 20℃ and light condition, and seeds did not germinated under dark condition regardless of all temperature regimes. Therefore, Alpine modest primrose seed was considered as photoblastic type. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) were greatly improved by soaking the seeds in GA3 and kinetin for 24 hours. Especially, 200~500 ㎎/L GA3 treatment resulted in the highest PG (95.5%) and GE (98.3%). So, chemical treatment such as GA3 was thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly. 본 연구는 설앵초의 종 보존과 활용성 증대를 위해 종자를이용한 대량 번식법을 개발하고자 수행되었다. 종자는 2011년제주도 일대에서 채종하여 정선한 다음 4 ± 1.0℃에서 건조 상태로 저장하면서 연구에 사용하였다. 종자의 크기는 0.44 ± 0.07 × 0.61 ± 0.04 ㎜, 1,000립중은 51.78 ± 0.021 ㎎이었으며, 미세종자로 분류되었다. 설앵초 종자의 휴면특성은 생리적휴면(physiological dormancy)성을 갖는 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 종자는 광조건에서 발아가 되는 광발아성 종자로, 적정온도는 20°C로 나타났다. GA3는 조자의 휴면타파 및 발아력 향상에 크게 효과가 있었는데, 농도가 높아줄수록 그 효과가 크게 나타났다. 특히 GA3 200~500 ㎎/L 처리구에서 발아율 및 발아세가 90% 이상으로 매우 높게 조사되었다.

몇 가지 재배조건이 물가양털이끼와 쥐꼬리이끼의 생육에 미치는 영향

조주성,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2013 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study was carried out to develop the proper cultivation methods of Brachythecium rivulare and Myuroclada maximowiczii which showed high-value for the interior landscaping and potting. Growth of two moss species cultivated in the compost covered with cloth was vigorous compared to that grown in containers only using cloth or compost, and their harvesting processes were easier. The growth and harvest easiness of mosses cultivated in compost were great rather than in bark or peatmoss. Compared to division, the spray of crushed mosses using mixer was effective for both gametophyte generation and their harvesting processes. In addition, the optimum inoculum for each container (27×17×3 cm) was 2.0 g in B. rivulare and 4.0 g in M. maximowiczii. Overall growth of B. rivulare treated with nutrient solution (N:P:K=20:20:20) was inhibited compared to control, fresh-weight gain was reduced toward the higher concentration. But fresh-weight gain of M. maximowiczii was the highest with 0.25 g·L-1 treatment. Therefore, adequate moisture supply, after spraying crushed mosses (2.0 and 4.0 g each) in the compost covered with cloth, were the appropriate cultivation methods for B. rivulare and M. maximowiczii. Nutrient solution treatment with low concentration, during the cultivation period, would be the proper way only for M. maximowiczii. 본 연구는 실내 조경 및 분화용 소재로 활용가치가 높은 물가양털이끼(Brachythecium rivulare)와 쥐꼬리이끼(Myuroclada maximowiczii)의 적정 재배법을 개발하기위하여 수행하였다. 원예상토 위에 천을 덮어 재배하는 것이 재배용기에 천이나 토양만 사용하는 방법에 비해 이끼2종의 생육이 왕성하고, 수확이 편리하였다. 재배 토양은바크나 피트모스 보다는 원예상토를 사용하였을 때 생육및 수확의 편이성이 우수하였다. 식재할 때는 이끼를 분주하는 것 보다 믹서기로 분쇄하여 재배용기 위에 산포하는방법이 이끼 2종의 배우체 발생과 수확 편이도 개선에 효과적이었다. 또한 재배용기(27×17×3 cm)에 물가양털이끼는 2.0 g, 쥐꼬리이끼는 4.0 g을 식재하였을 때, 생육이 가장 왕성하였고 수확이 편리하였다. 양액(N:P:K=20:20:20)을 농도별로 처리하였을 때 물가양털이끼는 무처리구에 비해 전반적으로 생육이 억제되었고, 고농도로 갈수록 생체중의 증가량이 감소하였다. 그러나 쥐꼬리이끼는 0.25 g·L-1처리구에서 생체중의 증가량이 가장 많았다. 따라서 물가양털이끼와 쥐꼬리이끼는 원예상토 위에 천을 덮어서 만든재배용기에 각 2.0, 4.0 g의 이끼를 분쇄하여 산포한 다음충분한 수분을 공급하고, 쥐꼬리이끼는 재배기간 동안 저농도의 양액을 처리해주는 것이 적합한 재배법으로 생각된다.

등수국의 종자발아에 미치는 몇 가지 요인

조주성,정정학,김수영,이주영,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2014 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.27 No.5

This study was carried out to establish seed propagation method of Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold & Zucc., one of the specific and protected plant species for the floral region. Seed size ranged 1.36 × 0.84 ㎜, weight of thousand seeds was 2.3 ± 0.02 ㎎. Observation of seed morphology characters showed wrinkled surface and elliptical shape, indicating amber color and fine seeds. Moisture contents of seeds, increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment, recording maximum moisture contents (31.9%) after 48 hours. Percent germination of seeds was higher under the light than dark condition. Seed germination was the best at 25℃ under the light condition (78.0%) among temperature and light conditions treated. Percent germination, germination energy and T 50 was greatly improved by soaking in GA 3 solutions for 48 hours. Especially, 100∼ 500 ㎎·L -1 GA 3 treatment resulted in the highest germination rate as 90.0% and above. 본 연구는 식물구계학적 특정종 III 등급이며, 국외반출 시 승인이 필요한 보호종인 등수국의 종자 번식법을 개발하기 위해수행되었다. 종자의 크기는 1.36×0.84 ㎜이며, 1,000립 중은2.3 ± 0.02 ㎎이었다. 종자는 타원형으로 표면에 주름이 있었으며, 황색의 미립종자였다. 침지처리에 의해 종자의 함수율은 48시간 만에 3.9%에서 31.9%로 급속히 증가하여 최대 함수율을보였다. 온도 및 광조건에 따른 발아율은 25°C, 명조건에서 가장 높았으며(78.0%), GA3 용액에 48시간 처리함으로써 발아율,발아세 및 T50이 매우 향상되었다. 특히 GA3 처리구는 100∼500㎎·L⁻¹의 농도에서 발아율이 90.0% 이상으로 매우 우수였으며발아세와 T50을 무처리에 비해 향상시킬 수 있었으므로, GA3는등수국 종자의 발아력을 효과적으로 향상시킬 수 있는 적절한화학적 처리방법으로 판단되었다

멸종위기 야생식물 삼백초의 종자발아에 미치는 화학적 처리의 영향

조주성,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.4

This research was performed to develop seminal propagation method of Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. by conducting a rigorous germination study. Well-selected seeds were dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ during the experiment. To study dormancy type, non-stored seeds were analyzed by embryo observation, germination test and detecting for any difficulties in seed coat to absorb moisture. Then to improve germination, seeds were submerged for 24 hours in a solution of varying concentrations containing one of plant growth regulators and minerals. According to research, fleshly matured seeds had an undifferentiated embryo and had a low germination rate below 5%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption, embryo in the seeds grew and germinated so it was deemed morphophysiological dormant seeds. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) was greatly improved by soaking in plant growth regulators and minerals for 24 hours. Especially, 500 ㎎/L GA3 treatment resulted in the highest GE as 46.1%. KNO3 meaningfully improved PG (54.3∼57.7%) at 10∼20 mM but effect of minerals on germination acceleration as GE were negatively impacted in all concentrations.

자생 끈끈이주걱(Drosera rotundifolia L.) 종자의 휴면과 발아특성

조주성,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) for improving horticultural usefulness. Seeds were collected around Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do in October of 2011 and experimented upon while being dry-stored at 4 ± 1.0℃ (darkness). Seed length of a major and minor axis were 1.58 ± 0.060 and 0.21 ± 0.016 ㎜, respecrively, and weight of 1,000 seeds was 6.24 ± 0.172 ㎎. Seeds were thus classified as ‘dwarf seeds’. Regarding the dormancy type, since round-leaved sundew seeds were dormancy broken and germinated at 20~30℃ under the light condition after wet-chilling treatment for 12 weeks, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dormancy broken seeds were found to be 20℃ and light condition (54.7%), but germination decreased at higher temperature. Percent germination (PG), germination energy (GE), mean germination time (MGT) and T50 were effectively improved by chemical treatment such as GA3 200 ㎎/L + kinetin 20 ㎎/L and wet-chilling treatment for 14 weeks. In conclusion these optimal conditions were thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.

난쟁이바위솔의 종자발아를 촉진하는 온도, 광 및 화학적 처리

조주성,정정학,김수영,이철희 한국화훼산업육성협회 2014 화훼연구 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 식물구계학적 특정식물종 II급에 해당하는 난쟁이바위솔의 종자 번식법 개발을 위해 수행되었다. 종자의 형태적 특성은 크기가 1.10x0.21mm, 1,000립 중이 496.0±0.21mg인 갈색의 미립종자였다. 종자의 함수율은 24시간 만에 8.8%에서 39.8%로 급속히 증가하여최대함수율을 보였다. 온도 및 광조건에 따른 발아율은20οC, 명조건에서 가장 높았으며, GA3와 KNO3용액에 24시간 처리함으로써 발아율과 발아세가 매우 향상되었다.특히 GA3 처리구는 10~100mg•L-1의 농도에서 발아율이99.0% 이상으로 매우 우수였으며, KNO3는 5mM 처리구에서 발아율이 81.3%로 가장 높았다. This study was carried out to establish seedpropagation methods of Meterostachys sikokiana (Makino)Nakai, one of the specific plant species for the floral region.Observation of seed morphology characters showed wrinkledsurface and elliptical shape, indicating brown, and fineseeds. Seed size ranged 1.10x0.21mm, weight of thousandseeds was 496.0±0.21mg. Moisture contents of seeds,increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment, recordingmaximum moisture contents after 24 hours. Percent ger-mination of seeds was higher under the light than darkcondition. Seed germination was the best at 20οC underthe light condition among temperature and light conditionstreated. Percent germination and germination energy wasgreatly improved by soaking in GA3 and KNO3 solutions for 24hours. Especially, 10~100mg•L-1 GA3 treatment resulted inthe highest germination rate as 99.0% and above. In caseof KNO3 treatment, the highest germination rate was 81.3%in 5mM solution.

몇 가지 재배조건이 아기들덩굴초롱이끼와 주름솔이끼의 생육에 미치는 영향

조주성,이철희 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 분화 및 실내조경 소재로 활용가치가 높은 아기들 덩굴초롱이끼(Plaglomnlum trichomanes)와 주름솔이끼(Atrichum undulatum)의 적정 재배법을 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. 연구 의 결과, 원예상토 위에 천을 덮어 재배한 2종의 이끼는 천이나 토양만 사용하는 방법에 비해 생육이 왕성하였고, 수확 편의도가 향상되었다. 재배 토양으로 원예상토를 사용하였을 때 바크나 피 트모스 보다 생육이 우수하였고 수확이 용이하였다. 2종의 이끼 는 분쇄하여 재배용기 위에 산포하는 식재 방법이 배우체 발생 및 수확 편의도의 개선에 효과적이었다. 또한 아기들덩굴초롱이끼 와 주름솔이끼의 식재량을 재배용기(27 x 17 x 3cm)에 각 4.0, 2.0g으로 하였을 때, 생육 및 수확 편의도가 우수하였다. 양액 (N : P : K = 20 : 20 : 20)을 농도별로 처리한 결과, 4주당 1회 0.5g·L-1의 양액처리 시 이끼 2종의 배우체 발생을 촉진하여 매트형성에 매우 효과적이었다. 따라서 아기들덩굴초롱이끼와 주 름솔이끼는 원예상토 위에 천을 덮어서 만든 재배용기에 각 4.0, 2.0g의 이끼를 분쇄 후 산파하여 식재한 다음 충분한 수 분을 공급하면서 4주 간격으로 0.5g·L-1의 양액을 처리하는 것 이 적절한 재배법으로 생각된다. This study was carried out to develop the proper cultivation methods of Plaglomnlum trichomanes and Atrichum undulatum which showed high-value for the interior landscaping and potting. Growth of two moss species, cultivated in the compost covered with cloth, was vigorous compared to that grown in containers only using cloth or compost, and their harvesting processes were easier. The growth and harvest easiness of mosses cultivated in compost were greater than in bark or peatmoss. The spray of crushed mosses using mixer were effective planting methods for gametophyte generation and harvest of P. trichomanes and A. undulatum. In addition, the optimum inoculum in each container (27 x 17 x 3 cm) was 4.0 g for P. trichomanes and 2.0 g for A. undulatum.Overall growth and mat formation of two moss species, treated with nutrient solution (N : P : K = 20 : 20 : 20), was effective with 0.5 g·L-1 treatment every four weeks. Therefore, after the spray of crushed mosses (4.0 g for P. trichomanes and 2.0 g for A. undulatum) in the compost covered with cloth, supply of adequate moisture during the cultivation period and 0.5 g·L-1 nutrient solution every four weeks were the appropriate cultivation methods for two moss species.

The Effects of Environmental Conditions and Chemical Treatments on Seed Germination in Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.

조주성,정정학,이철희 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.3

Tabulis [Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.] has the potential for becoming a useful horticultural crop. This study was conducted to classify the seed dormancy types and to identify the germination conditions that improve the horticultural usefulness of this plant. We found that A. tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. produced undifferentiated embryos and had a low germination rate of under 50%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption. Therefore, A. tabularis seeds were designated as morphologically dormant. The germination rate was highest (86.3%) at 30°C under light conditions. Higher temperatures generally led to an acceleration of the germination process, regardless of light condition. To improve the germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators, such as GA3 and kinetin, as well as minerals such as KNO3 and KCl. An analysis of germination characteristics at 30°C under light conditions revealed that treatment with 200 and 500 mg·L-1 GA3 led to an excellent germination rate of 97.0%. Treatment with 100 mg·L-1 GA3 led to a better germination rate than the control as well. However, treatment with kinetin, KNO3, and KCl had no effect on germination, regardless of concentration.

여드름 유발균 Propionibacterium acnes에 대한녹나무과 10종의 항균활성

조주성,지래원,장보국,정헌상,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2018 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.31 No.5

This study was performed to develop a new natural antimicrobial materials by analyzing the effect of extracts obtained from Ten Lauraceae Species on the inhibitory activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The plant materials were collected from Wando and Jeju islands, and the antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was examined by the agar diffusion method with different part (i.e., leaf and branch), solvents (i.e., distilled water, 80% ethanol, and 100% methanol) and at different ultrasonic extracting times (i.e., 15, 30, and 45 minutes). The control agents used were synthetic antimicrobials, methylparaben and phenoxyethanol, at concentrations of 0.4, 1, 2, and 4 ㎎/disc. Altogether, extracts of 10 species used in the study showed inhibitory activity, which confirmed their antimicrobial action against acnes. Among these, leaves of Laurus nobilis L. which was extracted in 80% ethanol for 45 min showed the largest clear zone (19.8 ㎜). Leaves of L. nobilis L., showing highest antimicrobial activities among 10 species, were successively reextracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol. As a results, in all fractions except butanol, clear zone above 10 ㎜ were formed. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity (13.3 ㎜) and the inhibitory activity was significantly higher than that of crude extract (10.2 ㎜) and phenoxyethanol as a control (12.5 ㎜). 본 연구는 녹나무과 10종의 추출물이 Propionibacterium acnes의 억제활성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 새로운 천연 항균소재를 개발하기위해 수행되었다. 실험재료는 완도와 제주도에서 채집하였으며, 부위(잎, 가지), 용매(증류수, 80% 에탄올, 100% 메탄올) 및 초음파 추출시간(15, 30, 45분)에 따른 조추출물의 항균활성을 agar diffusion method로 조사하였다. 대조구로는 합성항균제인 methylparaben과 phenoxyethanol 0.4, 1, 2, 4 ㎎/disc를 사용하였다. 연구에 사용된 10종의 모든 추출물에서 억제활성을 보였으며, 여드름균에 대한 항균작용을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 중 월계수는 80% 에탄올에 45분간 추출한 조건에서 20.2 ㎜의 생육억제환을 나타내어 가장 우수한 여드름균에 대한 항균작용을 확인할 수 있었다. 월계수 잎을 100% 메탄올을 용매로 초음파 30분 추출한 다음 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol 그리고 water 순으로 용매 분획하여항균활성을 비교분석하였다. 결과, butanol 분획물을 제외한모든 분획물에서 10.0 ㎜ 이상의 억제환이 형성되었다. 그중ethyl acetate 분획물에서 억제환이 13.3 ㎜로 가장 컸으며, 조추출물(10.2 ㎜)과 대조구인 phenoxyethanol (12.5 ㎜)에 비해서도 유의적으로 우수한 억제활성을 나타내었다.

Gametophyte Propagation and Sporophyte Formation of Asian Chain Fern [Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.] Under Various Medium Conditions In Vitro and Ex Vitro

조주성,장보국,박경태,이하민,이철희 한국자원식물학회 2019 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.32 No.6

This study investigated a suitable method that could be applied for Asian chain fern [Woodwardia japonica (L. f.) Sm.] to propagate gametophytes and promote sporophyte formation. The gametophytes used in all experiments were obtained from germinated spores in vitro and were subcultured at 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for gametophyte propagation was identified by culturing 300 ㎎ of gametophyte in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium (1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2), and Knop medium for 8 weeks. As a result, fresh weight of the gametophyte was increased by 56.7-fold on MS medium. Moreover, antheridium formation as well as gametophyte growth was improved on MS medium, especially. To improve the sporophyte formation ex vitro, 1.0 g of gametophyte was ground with distilled water and spread on eight combinations onto four different culture mediums, such as bed soil, peat moss, perlite and decomposed granite. Then generation and growth of sporophytes were investigated after cultivation for 10 weeks. As a result of this experiment, peat moss had a promotive effect of sporophyte formation at single-use and mixed culture soils. In particular, a mixture of bed soil, peat moss and perlite in a 1:1:1 ratio (v/v/v) led to the accelerated formation (782.5 ea/pot) and the frond growth of sporophytes. This included increases in length and width of fronds. However, promotive effect of gametophyte growth and sporophyte formation was not found at single-use and treatment with high ratio of bed soil.