Klinefelter Syndrome Diagnosed by Prenatal Screening Tests in High-Risk Groups

조대기,서주태,박소연,Jin Woo Kim 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.4

Purpose: Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal disorder present in 1 out of 400 to 1,000male newborns in Western populations. Two-thirds of affected newborns show a karyotype of 47,XXY. Few studies have examined the incidence of Klinefelter syndrome in Korea. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of Klinefelter syndrome by use of prenatal screening tests. Materials and Methods: From January 2001 to December 2010, 18,049 pregnant women who had undergone a chromosomal study for fetal anomalies were included. For fetuses that were diagnosed as having Klinefelter syndrome, the patients’ medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Both parents’ ages, the reason for the chromosomal studies, and karyotypes were investigated. Results: We found that 22 of 18,049 (0.12%) fetuses were diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. The incidence of this disorder in male fetuses was 22 of 9,387 (0.23%). Also,19 of the newborns (86.4%) showed a karyotype of 47,XXY; the other newborns showed karyotypes of 48,XXY,+21; 48,XXY,+12[12]/46,XY[54]; and 47,XXY[6]/45,X[1]/46,XY [95]. The mean age of the mothers was 36.1 years, and 2 women had a past history of a Down syndrome pregnancy. Nine mothers had a normal spontaneous delivery, 9mothers underwent artificial abortion, and 2 fetuses were spontaneously aborted. Conclusions: The incidence of Klinefelter syndrome as reported in this study is higher than in previous studies. Further studies with a broader population should be considered to confirm these results.

Effects of Transobturator Adjustable Tape Sling Procedure on the Therapeutic Outcome in Patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence and Detrusor Underactivity

조대기,양승애,서주태 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2010 International Neurourology Journal Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome and efficacy of transobturator adjustable (TOA) tape sling operations on women with intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) and/or detrusor underactivity (DU) combined with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis comprised 60 TOA patients. 30 patients hadDU (Qmax < 15ml/s) and/or ISD (Valsalva leak point pressure;VLPP < 60cmH20) on the preoperative UDS and the rest only had SUI. I-QoL, visual analog scale (VAS), Patient’s Perception of Urgency Severity (PPUS), and Self-Assessment/Sandvik Questions were performed before and 1 year after surgery. The mesh tension was controlled at 1 day after surgery. The objective cure rate was defined as no leakage using the cough test with a full bladder. Results: Patients were divided into two groups: Group A:SUI with ISD and/or DU, n=30; Group B:only SUI without ISD and DU, n=30. The two groups showed a difference in Qmax and VLPP preoperatively. Objective success rates were 18 (60.0%) completely cured, 10 (33.3%) improved in Group A, and 23 (76.7%) completely cured, 7 (23.3%) improved in Group B. Three cases needed tape-tension adjustment due to urinary leakage one-day after surgery (2 in Group A, 1 in Group B). There was no postoperative urinary retention. Conclusions: After TOA for SUI with ISD and/or DU, 3 cases were needed tension adjustment after surgery. TOA procedures seem to be effective and safe, more clinical studies with long-term follow up are required for a definite conclusion.

Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Klinefelter Syndrome

조대기,이효석,주영민,서주태 연세대학교의과대학 2013 Yonsei medical journal Vol.54 No.6

Purpose: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is related to testicular insufficiency, which causes low testosterone levels in serum. Generally, sex hormone levels and bone mineral density (BMD) are lower in patients with KS than normal. We investigated the effects of testosterone replacement on serum testosterone levels and BMD in KS patients. Materials and Methods: From December 2005 to March 2008, 18 KS patients with a 47, XXY karyotype were treated with initial intramuscular injections of long-acting testosterone undecanoate (Nebido®, 1000 mg/4 mL) at baseline and second injections after six weeks. An additional four injections were administered at intervals of 12 weeks after the second injection. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L2-4), the left femoral neck and Ward’s triangle, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Medical histories, physical examinations and prostate specific antigen, hematology and serum chemistry were conducted for each patient. In addition, total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin levels were measured. Results: Following testosterone replacement, mean serum total testosterone increased significantly from baseline (0.90 vs. 4.51 ng/mL, p<0.001), and total testosterone rose to normal levels after replacement in all patients. The mean BMD of the lumbar spine increased significantly (0.91 vs. 0.97 g/cm2, p<0.001). Similar increases of BMD were also observed at the femoral neck, but this increase was not significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that testosterone replacement therapy may be effective in treating BMD deficiency in men with testosterone deficiency, especially those with Klinefelter syndrome.

창의적 문제발견/문제해결 순환 수업이 고등학생의 문제발견 능력에 미치는 효과

조대기(Cho, Dea-Gi),김성연(Kim, Sung-Yeon),한기순(Han, Ki-Soon) 한국창의력교육학회 2012 창의력교육연구 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구는 일반계 고등학생들에게 창의적 문제발견/문제해결 순환 수업이 학생들의 문제발견능력에 어떠한 변화와 신장이 나타나는지를 2수준 다층 선형 성장모형을 이용하여 분석하였다. 또한 프로그램 효과분석에 있어 시간의 경과에 따른 자연 성장률뿐만 아니라 프로그램의 고유효과를 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 고등학교 1, 2학년 학생 72명(실험집단 38명, 통제집단 36명)이 연구에 참여하였으며, 총 10차 시의 프로그램이 진행되었고 총 3회기에 걸쳐 문제발견능력이 측정되었다. 분석 결과 순환 수업에 참여한 학생들과 참여하지 않은 학생들 간에 문제발견능력점수의 선형 성장률에 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 과학 및 발명영재의 교육과 R&E(Research& Education) 프로그램 등에서 주로 사용되는 창의적 문제발견 및 해결 수업 모형이 영재들뿐 아니라 일반 학생들에게 창의적 능력 배양을 위해 매우 유용할 수 있는 과학적으로 꼭 필요한 활동임을 보여준다는 점에서 그 의의가 있으며 현장적용의 맥락에서 논의되었다. The study analyzed the degree of change and improvement of students' problem finding skills through the problem finding/problem solving circular programs using a 2-level hierarchical liner growth model. This study especially was intended to estimate the primary effects of applied program as well as the extent of natural development over time. For the study, 72 high school students (38 for the experimental group and 36 for the control group) participated, taking ten periods of classes of creative problem finding/problem solving circular programs as well as three sessions of evaluation of problem finding skill. For the analysis SPSS 18.0 and HLM 6.02 were utilized. The results of the study showed that significant differences of linear growth rate of the problem finding skills were found between the two groups. The control group showed the negative growth though their natural growth rate(-0.02%) was not statistically significant, while the experimental group improved from .001 to 1.32 at the significance level. The results of this study were discussed in the context of application to the educational arena.

과학영재 고등학생의 과학분야 문제발견과정 분석: 근거이론을 중심으로

조대기 ( Dae Ki Cho ),한기순 ( Ki Soon Han ) 한국교육인류학회 2015 교육인류학연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 과학영재 고등학생의 과학분야 문제발견과정을 이해하고 이를 기초로 문제발견과정 유형을 제안하기 위해 과학고등학교에 재학 중인 1, 2학년 학생 20명을 대상으로 Strauss와 Corbin(1998)이 제시한 근거이론 방법을 제시하였다. 연구자는 대략 2년 3개월의 기간에 걸쳐 이들을 인터뷰하고 이들의 문제발견 과정을 관찰하였다. 연구결과, 문제발견과정에서 문제발견과정에 대해 65개의 개념과 33개의 하위범주, 12개의 범주가 도출되었다. 핵심범주로는 ‘혼란하고 불완전하게 착상된 생각의 발전 및 퇴행’을 찾아냈으며, 과학영재 고등학교 학생들이 문제발견과정에 대한 과정분석 결과는 준비단계, 착상단계, 발전 및 퇴행단계, 최종문제 제작단계로 정리되었다. 또한 과학영재 고등학생의 과학분야 문제발견과정의 유형은 소극적 문제발견유형, 가치로운 문제발견유형, 평범한 문제발견유형, 혼란한 문제발견유형 등 4가지로 제시되었다. 본 연구 결과로 얻은 범주와 패러다임 모형, 4개의 문제발견유형은 과학영재 고등학생의 과학적 문제발견과정에 대한 이해와 과학영재 학생들의 연구 활동에 중요한 부분인 문제발견 교육 맥락에서 논의되었다. This study is designed to explore how and what gifted students in science high schools experience during the problem-finding process using the grounded theory approach by Strauss and Corbin (1998). Twenty students, who are currently progressing or have ended their research within the past year at a science high school in a metropolitan area, were recruited as participants of the present study. They were interviewed and observed during a two-year and three-month period. Data from in-depth interviews were collected and categorized with open and axial coding, which lead to 65 concepts, 33 sub-categories and 12 categories. The different stages of the process of problem finding were: ‘a preparatory stage,’ ‘a stage of development or regression,’ and ‘ a stage of problem,’ while the main category of the problem-finding process was shown as confused and incompletely conceived thoughts. Accordingly, 4 types of problem-finding were categorized as ‘passive problem finding type,’ ‘valuable problem-finding type,’ ‘ordinary problem-finding type,’ and ‘confused problem-finding type.’ Data, paradigm models, and four types of problem finding are discussed considering how science-gifted students find scientific problems and how they are taught important scientific problem finding when they study.

과학예술영재학교 학생과 교사의 창의융합교과 경험에 관한 문화 기술적 탐구

조대기(Cho, Dae-Ki),한기순(Han, Ki-Soon) 한국창의력교육학회 2020 창의력교육연구 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구에서는 융합인재교육 프로그램들이 교육 과정 내에서 잘 적용되지 못하는 이유를 알아보기 위해 과학예술영재학교의 교육과정 내에서 적용되고 있는 창의융합교과를 수업한 교사와 학생 경험을 탐구해보았다. 연구자는 직접 수업을 진행하기도 하고, 관찰과 인터뷰를 통해 학생들과 교사들의 경험을 정리하였다. 그 결과 창의융합교과는 연구 활동과 상호작용이 적고, 보통교과와도 상호작용이 잘 안 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창의융합교과 운영을 위한 교육과정협의와 Co-teaching이 원활하게 되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 과학예술영재학교 학생들은 보통교과에 비해 창의융합교과의 낮은 내용 수준에 불만을 가지고 있었으며, 교사들은 융합적인 내용을 구성하고 수업을 준비하는데 어려움을 겪고 있었다. 창의융합교과는 흥미로운 체험과 산출물 제작을 중심으로 하며 지식을 탐구하는 면은 소홀한 부분을 개선할 필요가 있는 것으로 판단된다. 창의융합교과의 개선을 위해서는 연구 활동, 보통교과와 연계되는 내용적인 측면의 개선과 창의융합교과 간 co-teaching하는 교사간의 유기적인 협업을 위한 적극적인 교육과정 협의회가 필요할 것으로 보인다. This study is intended to find out why the programs of STEAM education fails to be adopted to the STEAM curriculum through sharing the experiences of teachers and students in Incheon academy of art and science whose curriculum includes STEAM subjects. Teachers and students have been observed and interviewed including my classes, which are sources of this study. It turned out that teachers reconstruct the curriculum of STEAM based on their own teaching styles and experiences. As a result, it leads to the disorganized class, which cannot meet the needs of students who want more challenging tasks. According to a survey, most of achieving students from Academy of Science & Arts ask for more specialized and higher level of tasks. However, their motivation toward STEAM is not so high because of the university entrance exam. Teachers also have difficulty in teaching students who have the low motivation. That is because they have to organize STEAM classes which includes both doing researches and learning normal course of study such as literature and liberal arts. To solve this problem, groups of teachers who are in rapport, well-organized contents for crossover and task force for the curriculum for the STEAM must be a prerequisite.

과학영재 고등학생의 문제발견과정 개인차 유형 분석

조대기(Cho, Dae-Ki),한기순(Han, Ki-Soon) 한국창의력교육학회 2015 창의력교육연구 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 과학영재 고등학생들의 문제발견과정에서 나타나는 차이를 이해하고 이를 기초로 문제발견과정의 개인차 유형을 제시하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 과학고등학교에 재학 중인 20명의 학생을 대상으로 2년에 걸쳐 인터뷰 및 참여관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 질문하기와 비교하기를 통해 분석하였고, 이를 토대로 하여 4개의 문제 발견과정의 개인차 유형을 도출하였다. 문제발견과정의 개인차 유형은 소극적 문제발견유형,가치로운 문제발견유형, 평범한 문제발견유형, 혼란한 문제발견유형으로 나타났고, 이를 구분하는 중요한 특징은 전문가 집단의 지원과 참여자의 전문성, 수렴적 사고로 나타났다. 전문가집단의 지원과 참여자의 전문성, 수렴적 사고에 따라 참여자들이 연구에서 어떤 과정을 거치 는지를 인터뷰내용의 개방코딩을 통해 비교 제시하였고, 이를 통해 학생들의 문제가 어떻게구조화되는지를 분석하였다. 문제발견 과정에서 중요하게 드러난 전문가의 지원과 전문성, 수렴적 사고는 문제발견 교육 맥락에서 논의되었다 propose individual variation among science gifted high school students based on the understanding of the difference in process of problem discovering, data has been collected through interviews and observations for two years from 20 students currently attending science high school. 4 types of individual variations has been derived from collected data analyzed through questioning and comparing. 4 individual types in process of problem discovering are passive type, valuable problem discovering type, normal problem discovering type, and chaotic problem discovering type, each type distinguished by support from expert group, and individual specialty and conversant thought. According to support from expert group, and individual specialty and conversant thought, participants’ performance in the research were compared and proposed through open coding of interviews, thus followed analysis on mechanism of the way students’ problems are structured. Support from expert group, and individual specialty and conversant thought that were shown to be important in the process of problem discovery were discussed in the context of problem discovering education

센서와 머신 러닝을 통한 교실 책상 면 조도 예측

김재근,조경찬,지형진,정서원,조대기 한국과학영재교육학회 2023 과학영재교육 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is to predict the desk illumination of the classroom using the results obtained through sensors that can measure the natural lighting environment, and to save energy by dimming the artificial lighting of the classroom. In addition, a theoretical equation for predicting desk illumination through sensor values was produced. However, the desk illumination measured through the theoretical formula had a disadvantage of 70% accuracy and could not consider the blinds in the classroom. Machine learning was conducted to solve these shortcomings. Since constructing a machine learning dataset through actual measurement has time and space limitations, a simulation was produced to construct a dataset. As a result of comparing the produced simulation and the measured value, there was an error within 5%, which was used as machine learning data. There are a total of 192 sets and 1,728 data of natural light sensor values and classroom desk illumination values measured by changing direction, blind use, season, and time through simulation. As a result of learning this through the XGBoost regression model, the simulation value showed an accuracy of 95.4%, and the actual measurement value showed an accuracy of 95.2%. In addition, as a result of predicting desk illumination by natural lighting in each season and calculating the lighting energy saving effect, it was found to have an energy saving effect of 13.0% in winter, 29.6% in spring and fall, and 40.7% in summer. 본 연구의 목적은 외부 조도 센서를 통해 교실의 책상 면 조도를 예측하는데 있다. 이를 위해 기존 태양추적센서와 다르게 구름 양 등을 고려 가능한 자연채광센서를 개발하고, 센서값을 통해 책상면 조도를 예측하는식을 제작하였다. 그러나 이론식을 통해 측정은 정확도가 70%이고, 블라인드를 고려하지 못하는 단점이 있었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 머신 러닝을 진행하였다. 실측을 통한 머신러닝 데이터셋 구성은 시공간상 제약이 있어 시뮬레이션을 제작하였다. 시뮬레이션 예상값과 실측의 평균 편차는 5% 이내였다. 교실의 향, 블라인드유무, 절기, 시간을 변화시키며 시뮬레이션한 센서와 책상면 조도 데이터는 총 192세트 1728개이다. 이를 머신러닝한 결과 시뮬레이션 데이터와 95.4%, 실측값과95.2%의 정확도를 보였다. 또한 교실에서 디밍이 가능한 시간을 찾아 에너지 절감효과를 계산한 결과 동지13.0%, 춘추분 29.6%, 하지 40.7%의 에너지 절감이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

신분증 OCR 인식 확률을 높일 수 있는 인공조명환경 연구

박범진,조대기,김승민,김지헌,신준우 한국과학영재교육학회 2024 과학영재교육 Vol.16 No.1

신분증 OCR(Optical Character Recognition)은 사용처가 많아지고 그 활용의 범위도 높아지고 있는 반면 외부 조건을 통제 하지 못하는 문제점으로 인해 확률을 높이는데 제한점을 가지고 있다. 현재 안내되는 피드백은 과학적이지 못해 사용자들에게 적절한 안내를 못하는 상황이다. 본 연구는 OCR이 잘 안되는 주된 원인인 베일링 반사를 피할 수 있는 수식을 제작하여 신분증과 카메라 사이의 거리에 따라 조명과의 각도를 조절할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 신분증의 BRDF(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)를 측정하여 시뮬레이션 하였고, 색깔의 휘도대비가 가장 큰 곳인 지점을 조명과 신분증 사이의 각도 36도로 제시하였으며, 이를 실제 상황에서 검증하였다. 이를 통해 인공 조명환경에서 OCR 잘될 수 있는 지점을 과학적인 방법으로 제시하였으며, 머신러닝을 추가적으로 진행하여 사용자들이 편리하게 OCR확률이 높은 곳을 찾을 수 있는 방안을 마련하였다. While the number of uses for ID(Identification) OCR(Optical Character Recognition) is increasing and the scope of its use is increasing, it has limitations in increasing the probability due to the problem of not being able to controlexternal conditions. The feedback currently being provided is not scientific, so it is unable to provide appropriate guidance to users. This study created a formula to avoid veiling reflection, which is the main cause of poor OCR, and allowed the angle of lighting to be adjusted according to the distance between the ID card and the camera. In addition, the BRDF(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) of the ID card was measured and simulated, and the point where the color luminance contrast was greatest was presented at an angle of 36 degrees between the light and the ID card, and this was verified in an actual situation. Through this, points where OCR can be good in an artificial lighting environment were presented in a scientific way, and machine learning was additionally conducted to provide a way for users to conveniently find places with a high OCR probability.

폐쇄성 무정자증의 원인 및 정관부고환문합술을 이용한 수술적 교정 가능성

박세환,서주태,조대기,이중식 대한남성과학회 2011 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: To define the causes of obstructive azoospermia (OA) and evaluate the possibility and efficacy of microsurgical correction. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients diagnosed as OA with normal spermatogenesis preoperatively and initially planned to microsurgical vasoepididymostomy from December 2003 and November 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Causes of OA were analyzed and patency rate and pregnancy outcomes of their female partners were measured. Results: Thirty-one patients (46.3%) could not correct their OA because of obstruction of the distal vas deferens, epididymal atrophy and/or hypotrophy and vasal injury due to previous surgery. Among the 36 patients undergone microsurgical vasoepididymostomy (mean age of patients and their female partners were 32.9 and 31.3 years, respectively), 32 patients (88.9%) were corrected bilaterally and 4 patients (11.1%) unilaterally. The overall patency rate was 17 patients (47.2%); being 15 and 2 patients for bilateral and unilateral procedure, respectively. Among the 17 patients regained the patency after surgery, except 3 cases without followed up, 6 cases achieved natural pregnancy and also 6 cases achieved the pregnancy using the assisted reproduction. Conclusions: According to the affected point of reproductive tract, not all men with obstructive azoospermia were candidates for microsurgical reconstruction. However, reasonable outcomes were achieved in the microsurgical reconstruction cases and it should be primary therapeutic method in obstructive azoospermia. For those in whom reconstruction is not a viable option, surgical methods for sperm retrieval are available to have their own biological children.