가상현실 시스템(Virtual Reality System)을 이용한 훈련이 척수손상환자의 앉기 균형 및 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향

정재훈,Chung, Jae-Hoon 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Purpose: This study was examined the effect of training using a Virtual Reality System on the sitting balance and Activities of Daily Living for patients with a spinal cord injury. Methods: The subjects were divided into an experimental (6 persons) and control group (5 persons). The experimental group trained the 5 programs, three times per week for 6 weeks using the Virtual Reality System and five days for week using conventional physical therapy. The control group trained five days for a week using conventional physical therapy. Results: The difference in the mean Spinal Cord Independence Measurement (SCIM) score in the experimental and control groups was increased to 8.33 and 6.60 (p=0.79), respectively. The difference in the mean functional reaching test in experimental and control group increased to 4.21 and 1.09 (p=0.25), respectively. The difference in the mean sitting time in experimental and control group increased to 41.05 and 10.33 (p=0.66), respectively. There was a difference in the mean of all variances but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that training using the Virtual Reality System increased the SCIM, functional reaching test and sitting time in people with a spinal cord injury.

A Transcriptional Feedback Loop Modulating Signaling Crosstalks between Auxin and Brassinosteroid in Arabidopsis

정재훈,Minsun Lee,Chung-Mo Park 한국분자세포생물학회 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.29 No.5

Auxin and brassinosteroid (BR) play essential roles in diverse aspects of growth and developmental processes in plants mainly through coordinate regulation of cell divi-sion, elongation, and differentiation. Consistent with the overlapped roles, accumulating evidence indicates that the two growth hormones act in a synergistic as well as in an interdependent manner in many cases, although the un-derlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that auxin and BR signaling path-ways are interconnected at the transcriptional level via a negative feedback loop. An Arabidopsis activating tagging mutant dlf-1D exhibited dwarfed growth with small, dark-green leaves and reduced fertility. Hormone feeding as-says revealed that the mutant phenotype is caused by the reduction of endogenous BR level. Consistent with this, a gene encoding the CYP72C1 enzyme that catabolizes BR was up-regulated. Notably, the transcript level of the ARF8 transcription factor gene, which modulates the expression of auxin-responsive genes, was significantly elevated in the mutant. In addition, the ARF8 gene expression was significantly reduced by BR but induced by brassinazole, a BR biosynthetic inhibitor. On the other hand, two BR cata-bolic pathway genes, DLF (CYP72C1) and BAS1, were in-duced by auxin. Our observations indicate that at least part of auxin and BR signaling pathways are unified through a transcriptional feedback control of the DLF and ARF8 genes.

류마토이드 관절염에서 슬관절의 관절경적 활액막 절제술

정재훈,박일성,양동현,Chung, Jae-Hoon,Park, Il-Sung,Yang, Dong-Hyun 대한관절경학회 1997 대한관절경학회지 Vol.1 No.1

There has been a controversy about the effectiveness of the synovectomy of the knee in the rheumatoid arthritis. So we studied to determine if the arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee was of benefit in the rheumatoid arthritis. We ana lysed 25 knees of 15 patients who underwent the arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint for their rheumatoid arthritis from Jun. 1995 to Oct. 1996. The average follow-up period was 20.1 months($12\~28$ months). The results were as follows; 1. Satisfactory results were obtained in 20 knees $(80\%)$ for the pain and the effusion each, 23 $(92\%)$ for the range of motion and 19 $(76\%)$ for the functional capacity. 2. In the overall results for the pain. effusion. range of motion and the functional capacity. we obtained excellent results in 14 knees $(56\%)$ and satisfactory results in 9 knees $(32\%)$. 3. In the patient's self assessment, 11 patients $(44\%)$ were delighted and 10 patients $(40\%)$ were satisfactory. 4. In the overall results according to the articular cartilage damage, satisfactory results were obtained in 15 $(93\%)$ out of 16 knees in Grade I and II, and 6 $(75\%)$ out of 8 knees in Grade III and IV. In conclusion, arthroscopic synovectomy could be one of very useful treatments for the rheumatoid knee. But further study is needed to get the long-term results of the synovectomy because there's many reports saying gradual decrease of good results with increasing time. And continuous and proper medical treatment including DMARDs, is needed to effectively control the rheumatoid arthritis even after the synovectomy.

THEODOLITE로 측정한 14 m 전파망원경의 주경면 모양

정재훈,김현구,김태성,정현수,박용선,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Hyun-Goo,Kim, Tai-Seong,Chung, Hyun-Soo,Park, Yong-Sun 한국천문학회 1997 天文學論叢 Vol.12 No.1

In order to reduce the small scale fluctuation resulting from shearing holograpy(Park et. al. 1997), differential panel adjustments were performed for 14 m radio telescope of Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory with T2 theodolite It appears that this method improves the surface accuracy by about $50\;{\mu}m$. The measured surface accuracy is, at best, $170\;{\mu}m$. The beam efficiency at 86.2 GHz is estimated to be 44% We also found that the elevation at which Park et. al. performed holography was too low.

정신과의사가 알아야 할 갑상선질환의 A부터 Z까지

정재훈,Chung, Jae-Hoon 한국정신신체의학회 2006 정신신체의학 Vol.14 No.2

갑상선질환은 비교적 흔한 질환으로 임상의사들이 쉽게 접할 수 있다. 그러나 갑상선질환 환자들은 전형적인 증상을 호소하는 경우부터 흔치 않는 임상상으로 병원을 찾는 경우까지 매우 다양하다. 간혹 정신과의사들이 심한 갑상선기능항진증을 조증 또는 가벼운 정신분열증으로 또는 심한 갑상선기능저하증을 우울증으로 자칫 오진하기 쉽다. 또한 갑상선 종양은 촉지되지 않는 경우까지 포함하여 전인구의 30% 이상에서 발견되고, 이중 최소 5% 이상은 악성종양이므로 갑상선 종양 환자의 접근 및 치료에 대해서도 개괄적인 이해가 필요하다. Thyroid disease is highly Prevalent, and many Physicians encounter the Patients with thyroid disease on many occasions. However, many doctors may make an erroneous diagnosis because of its variable clinical manifestation. Thyroid tumor is the most common disease which is detected in more than 30% of general population. Recently, the incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing to be a leading position in female cancer. Therefore, clinical physicians should be familiar with thyroid disease due to its high prevalence and heterogeneous clinical features.

방사성 동위원소를 이용한 핵의학과 검사에서 병동 간호사의 방사선 피폭선량 평가

정재훈,이충운,유연욱,서영덕,최호용,김윤철,김용근,원우재,Jeong, Jae Hoon,Lee, Chung Wun,You, Yeon Wook,Seo, Yeong Deok,Choi, Ho Yong,Kim, Yun Cheol,Kim, Yong Geun,Won, Woo Jae 대한핵의학기술학회 2017 핵의학 기술 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose Radiation exposure management has been strictly regulated for the radiation workers, but there are only a few studies on potential risk of radiation exposure to non-radiation workers, especially nurses in a general ward. The present study aimed to estimate the exact total exposure of the nurse in a general ward by close contact with the patient undergoing nuclear medicine examinations. Materials and Methods Radiation exposure rate was determined by using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optical simulated luminescence (OSL) in 14 nurses in a general ward from October 2015 to June 2016. External radiation rate was measured immediately after injection and examination at skin surface, and 50 cm and 1 m distance from 50 patients (PET/CT 20 pts; Bone scan 20 pts; Myocardial SPECT 10 pts). After measurement, effective half-life, and total radiation exposure expected in nurses were calculated. Then, expected total exposure was compared with total exposures actually measured in nurses by TLD and OSL. Results Mean and maximum amount of radiation exposure of 14 nurses in a general ward were 0.01 and 0.02 mSv, respectively in each measuring period. External radiation rate after injection at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was as following; $376.0{\pm}25.2$, $88.1{\pm}8.2$ and $29.0{\pm}5.8{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $206.7{\pm}56.6$, $23.1{\pm}4.4$ and $10.1{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in bone scan; $22.5{\pm}2.6$, $2.4{\pm}0.7$ and $0.9{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. After examination, external radiation rate at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was decreased as following; $165.3{\pm}22.1$, $38.7{\pm}5.9$ and $12.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $32.1{\pm}8.7$, $6.2{\pm}1.1$, $2.8{\pm}0.6$, respectively in bone scan; $14.0{\pm}1.2$, $2.1{\pm}0.3$, $0.8{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Based upon the results, an effective half-life was calculated, and at 30 minutes after examination the time to reach normal dose limit in 'Nuclear Safety Act' was calculated conservatively without considering a half-life. In oder of distance (at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients), it was 7.9, 34.1 and 106.8 hr, respectively in PET/CT; 40.4, 199.5 and 451.1 hr, respectively in bone scan, 62.5, 519.3 and 1313.6 hr, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Conclusion Radiation exposure rate may differ slightly depending on the work process and the environment in a general ward. Exposure rate was measured at step in the general examination procedure and it made our results more reliable. Our results clearly showed that total amount of radiation exposure caused by residual radioactive isotope in the patient body was neglectable, even comparing with the natural radiation exposure. In conclusion, nurses in a general ward were much less exposed than the normal dose limit, and the effects of exposure by contacting patients undergoing nuclear medicine examination was ignorable. 목적: 핵의학 검사를 시행한 병동 환자의 시간과 거리에 따른 방사선량률을 측정하여 방사성동위원소 투여를 받은 환자가 병동 간호사에게 미치는 피폭을 예측하고 실제 총 피폭량과 비교하여 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 병동에서 근무하고 있는 간호사 14명을 대상으로 열형광 선량계와 광자극 선량계를 이용하여 방사선 피폭선량을 측정하였고 핵의학 검사를 시행한 환자 50명(PET/CT 20명, Bone scan 20명, Myocardial SPECT 10명)을 대상으로 방사성동위원소 투여 직후와 검사시행 직후에 표면, 50cm, 1m에서 외부 방사선량률을 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 유효반감기를 도출한 후 병동 간호사가 받을 수 있는 피폭량을 예측하였다. 그리고 열형광선량계와 광자극선량계로 측정된 병동 간호사의 실제 총 피폭량과 비교 하였다. 결과: 병동 간호사 14명을 대상으로 한 피폭선량 측정결과 평균값과 최대값은 각각 분기당 0.01 mSv, 0.02 mSv 이었고 핵의학 검사를 시행 받은 환자의 선량률은 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 PET/CT는 $376.0{\pm}25.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $88.1{\pm}8.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $29.0{\pm}5.8{\mu}Sv/hr$ 이고 Bone scan은 $206.7{\pm}56.6{\mu}Sv/hr$, $23.1{\pm}4.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, $10.1{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv/hr$이고 Myocardial SPECT는 $22.5{\pm}2.6{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.4{\pm}0.7{\mu}Sv/hr$, $0.9{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$이다. 또한 검사를 시행한 후 측정한 선량률은 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 PET/CT는 $165.3{\pm}22.1{\mu}Sv/hr$, $38.7{\pm}5.9{\mu}Sv/hr$, $12.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}Sv/hr$ 이고 Bone scan은 $32.1{\pm}8.7{\mu}Sv/hr$, $6.2{\pm}1.1{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.8{\pm}0.6{\mu}Sv/hr$이고 Myocardial SPECT는 $14.0{\pm}1.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.1{\pm}0.3{\mu}Sv/hr$, $0.8{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$이다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 유효반감기를 도출한 후 검사종료 30분 후 원자력안전법에서 규정하는 일반인 선량한도까지 도달하는데 걸리는 시간을 반감기를 고려치 않고 보수적으로 계산하면 PET/CT는 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 7.9시간, 34.1시간, 106.8시간이며 Bone scan은 40.4시간, 199.5시간, 451.1시간이고 Myocardial SPECT는 62.5시간, 519.3시간, 1313.6시간이다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 의하면 병동 간호사는 일반인 선량한도 보다 훨씬 적은 피폭량을 받는 것으로 나타나, 실질적으로 판단할 때 핵의학 검사를 시행한 환자로 인하여 받는 피폭의 영향은 미미한 것으로 판단된다.

한국인 대학생군 대상의 청.장년층 대사이상증후군 위험성 평가

정재훈,이보름,임성진,장제관,이명구,이종길,임성실,Chung, Jae-Hun,Lee, Bo-Reum,Lim, Sung-Jin,Jang, Je-Kwan,Lee, Myung-Koo,Lee, Chong-Kil,Lim, Sung-Cil 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Metabolic syndrome, defined as the clustering of several metabolic disorders including obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}90$ if male or ${\geq}80$ if female, cm), dyslipidemia ($TG{\geq}150$ or HDL-C<40 if male or <50 if female, mg/dl), hypertension ($BP{\geq}130/85mmHg$) and hyperglycemia (fasting plasma $glucose{\geq}110mg/dl$), increases the cardiovascular risk of the general population. Recently, risk of this syndrome arises in young adults world widely. Therefore, we randomly selected and evaluated the risk of metabolic syndrome of total 43 people (group I-22, group II-21) for 2 years. Group I was 22 peoples (15 males, 7 females) with age of 22 thru 35 year old (average 28 year old) and group II was 21 people (19 male, 2 female) with age of 22 thur 32 years old (average 24 year old) in Cheongju area from March 1st thru 30th of 2008 in Cheongju area from September 1st thru 30th of 2007 in order to find out how serious this phenomenon is in young adult of Korea. 13.95% (n=7) of total people has a metabolic syndrome by NCEP/ATPIII definition among this group (group I-6, group II-1). Those of 6 have 3 or over risk factor for metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hypertension, fasting blood glucose and hypetriglyceridemia at the same time (group I-5, group II-1). Group I have more risk factor because of more higher age than group II. Therefore we need aggressively to monitor and provide them for early diagnosis, educational programs and assistance for lifestyle changes in order to prevent metabolic syndrome among young adults.

Sensar(R) 와 Acrysof(R) 의 중심이탈과 경사도 비교

정재훈 ( Jae Hun Chung ) , 정성근 ( Sung Kun Chung ) 대한안과학회 2003 대한안과학회지 Vol.44 No.1

가속수명시험을 이용한 자동차 헤드램프용 냉각 팬의 수명 예측

정재훈(Jaehun Chung),양민식(Minsik Yang),심재술(Jaesool Shim),배철호(Cheolho Bai),김창수(Changsoo Kim),김민성(Minseong Kim),오승민(Seungmin Oh) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.7

오픈 소스 소프트웨어의 라이센싱

정재훈(Jae Hoon Chung) 한국정보법학회 2004 정보법학 Vol.8 No.2

소프트웨어 업계에서는 오픈 소스, 자유소프트웨어, 상업용 소프트웨어 및 비상업용 소프트웨어의 역할에 대해 논쟁이 계속되어 왔다. 대부분의 오픈 소스 소프트웨어는 퍼블릭 도메인에 있거나 오픈 소스 라이센스에 의해 배포된다. 그 중에는 사용자가 소스코드를 사용하는 것에 관해 아무런 중대한 제약을 두지 아니하는 BSD(Berkeley Software Distribution) 라이센스 같은 것이 있는 반면, 소프트웨어는 소유되거나 비밀로 유지되어서는 아니 되며 상업용 소프트웨어는 비도덕적이라는 철학을 관철시킬 목적으로 자유 소프트웨어 재단에 의해 창안된 GPL이라는 라이센스 조건에 따라 배포되는 자유소프트웨어도 있다. GPL은 또한 모든 사용자가 수정된 소프트웨어를 재배포할 경우 GPL을 따르도록 요구하는데, 이 GPL은 리눅스와 같은 널리 배포된 소프트웨어의 배포조건을 관장하고 있다. 그러나 몇 가지 GPL 조건과 그 의미의 불확실한 점 때문에 응용 프로그램 개발자, 하드웨어 개발자, 독자적인 개발에 임하는 개별 기업 및 정부기관을 비롯한 상업용 개발 커뮤니티에 주의가 환기될 필요가 있다. GPL에 따를 경우 GPL 코드를 사용하는 특허권자가 묵시적으로 후속 사용자에게 특허 라이센스를 부여하는 것으로 해석될 수 있다는 점은 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 GPL의 애매모호함 때문에 GPL라이센스나 자유 소프트웨어를 사용하려고 하는 기관들은 GPL사용조건을 면밀하게 검토해 볼 필요성이 있으며, 개발자는 특정 개발 및 라이센싱 모델을 선택하기 전에 해당 라이센스 조건이 가지는 비즈니스적 의미와 위험에 대해 완벽하게 이해할 필요가 있다. 소프트웨어 분야의 기술혁신은 경제적, 사회적, 기술적인 발전의 動因이 되어 왔다. 소프트웨어 진보는 정부, 학계 및 민간 부문의 상호작용에서 비롯되었다고 할 수 있고, 이러한 상호관계에 기초하여 통합되고 자연스러운 생태계(ecosystem)가 구성되었다고 할 수 있다. 특정 개발모델이 기능하는지는 결국 개발되는 소프트웨어의 가치에 달려있지, 라이센싱이나 배포의 모델과는 관련이 없는 것이다. 최근 정책담당자들 사이에서는 정부조달이나 연구개발지원에 관한 정책을 통해 기술이 제공하는 장점과는 무관하게 특정 모델이나, 지적재산권을 보장하지 아니하는 소프트웨어 제품을 선호하려는 움직임을 보이고 있는데, 이에 대해 이들 정책이 잘못된 정보와 그릇된 이해에서 비롯된 것일 수 있다는 점에서 많은 관계자들이 우려를 가지고 있다. 소프트웨어가 라이센스되는 조건은 전적으로 권리보유자가 결정할 일이며, 자신의 지적재산권을 보호받기를 선택한다고 해서 불리한 지위에 놓이지 않아야 한다. Within the software industry, debate continues about the roles of open source, free, commercial, and noncommercial software. Most open-source software is either in the public domain or distributed under open source licenses, such as the Berkeley Software Distribution(BSD) license, that impose no significant restrictions on licensees’ ability to use the licensed source code. ‘Free software’, by contrast, is distributed under the more restric- tive GPL which was created by the Free Software Foundation to advance its philosophy that software should not be owned and kept secret from others, and that commercial software is immoral. The GPL also forces all licensees to use the GPL when distributing derivative software. The GPL does govern distribution of some popular software, including Linux. Several GPL terms and uncertainties, however, should raise red flags for the commercial development community, including independent software vendors and inde- pendent hardware vendors, as well as for corporate and government entities undertaking in-house development. It is not well known that under the GPL, a patent license could be impliedly given to the downstream users by the patent holders who develop their code based on GPL code. Given the GPL’s intricacies, it is recommended that any organization considering use of the license or free software need to examine the GPL’s terms carefully. It is necessary that before selecting any particular model, developers should be fully aware of the business implications and risks of all applicable licensing terms. Software innovation is a driving force for economic, social, and technological progress. At the core of software evolution is the interaction among government, academia, and private research. These relationships represent an integrated, natural ecosystem. The validity of any development model depends on the merits of the software it produces, not on its method of licensing or distribution. Lately, concerns have emerged that policy makers, through government procurement policies or research funding, may seek to favor one model over another, regardless of the merits of the respective technology and may also favor products that are free of intellectual property claims. Both policies may be misguided. When it comes to intellectual property, terms under which software is licensed should be a matter for the rights-holder to decide, and that those who choose to protect their intellectual property should not be disadvantaged.