휘트먼과 디킨슨 시에 나타난 “길들여진 죽음”

정연재 19세기영어권문학회 2002 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.6 No.1

정연재월트 휘트먼과 에밀리 디킨슨은 동시대 작가이며 두 작가 모두 미국 근대시를 대표하는 정전화된 시인들이다. 또한 두 시인 모두 그들의 시작 전체를 통해 죽음이라는 추상적인 주제를 깊이 있게 탐구하였다. 이 논문의 첫 번째 부분에서 저자는 휘트먼과 디킨슨이 각자의 시에서 어떻게 죽음의 문제를 다루었는지를 두 시인의 몇몇 대표적인 작품들을 중심으로 살펴 보고자한다. 이 논문의 두 번째 부분에서는 죽음에 대한 휘트먼과 디킨슨의 태도를 19세기 미국의 대중문화라는 보다 큰 구조 안에서 재조명해 보고자한다. 각기 다른 시대는 죽음에 대한 저마다의 독특한 문화적 이미지와 태도를 가지고 있다. 19세기 미국인들의 죽음에 대한 인식과 자세는 죽음이라는 엄연한 현실을 부인하는 20세기 현대인들의 부정적인 인식경향과는 매우 다름을 우리는 반드시 고려해야할 것이다. 마치 빅토리아 시대 사람들이 성(性)에 대한 언급을 혐오하며 억압했던 것처럼 현대인들도 죽음이라는 냉엄한 현실을 왜곡하고 회피하려 하는 경향이 있는 것이다. 20세기의 이러한 비관적 경향과는 달리, 휘트먼과 디킨슨의 시들은 죽음을 극도의 두려움과 불안을 일으키는 공포의 대상으로 묘사하고 있지 않다. 휘트먼과 디킨슨 두 시인 모두 죽음에 대한 각자의 고유한 견해와 태도를 다양한 시어로 표현하였지만 그럼에도 불구하고 그들의 시는 “죽음 미화하기”(“the beautification of death”) 또는 “죽음 길들이기”(“the domestication of death”)라고 정의될 수 있는 19세기 미국 중류계층의 한 문화적 경향과 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있음을 밝혀보고자 한다.

해석학의 역사와 전망 : 철학적 해석학으로의 길 -가다머의 예술론을 중심으로

정연재 한국해석학회 1999 해석학연구 Vol.6 No.-

학문으로서의 교양, 그 가능성과 조건을 찾아서

정연재 한국교양교육학회 2021 한국교양교육학회 학술대회자료집 Vol.2021 No.6

One-Step Synthesis of Photoluminescent Core/Shell Polystyrene/Polythiophene Particles

정연재,김중현,이승모,Subramani Sankaraiah,정인우,최성욱 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.11

Photoluminescent polystyrene (PS)/polythiophene (PTh) particles with a core/shell structure were synthesized via a one-step process using radical polymerization for styrene and Fe^3+-catalyzed oxidative polymerization for thiophene. Water-soluble potassium persulfate (KPS) and iron chloride (FeCl_3) were used as intitiators for the polymerization of styrene and thiophene, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) served as a polymierization site in the form of a micelle as well as a collodial stabilizer. Analyzing the samples using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at different times revealed a plausible mechanism for the formation of the PS/PTh particles. In the mechanism of particle formation, the sulfate (OSO_3^- ) groups of SDS electrostatically induced Fe^3+ ions to the perimeter of the micelle; thus, the polymerization of thiophene was carried out mainly at the perimeter of the SDS micelle, eventually forming small PTh aggregates within the SDS micelles. The styrene oligomers or monomers that shifted into the preformed PTh aggregates were polymerized in the core domain of the aggregates; thus, the particle size gradually increased until all the styrene monomers were consumed, resulting in core/shell PS/PTh particles. The core/shell structure of the PS/PTh particles was confirmed by observing their crumpled morphology after selective dissolution of the PS core using a solvent. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of the particles was found to be higher than that of pure PTh particles, attributable to the core/shell structure.

19세기 미국문학을 통해 본 정전 형성과정에 대해 고찰

정연재 한국서지학회 2004 서지학연구 Vol.28 No.-

In recent decades, few topics have been as a great a subject of debate as the nature and construction of the canon. The traditional belief is that the canon is made up of works that are ‘great,’ ‘valuable,’ ‘universal,’ and ‘timeless.’ Recent revisionist critics are now arguing that a literary work is not an autonomous object which possesses an intrinsic aesthetic value, but rather a product of diverse economic, political, ideological, and institutional forces. In this paper, I intend to examine the literary reputation of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, and Kate Chopin, using the emerging revisionist insights into the process of canon formation. This study will demonstrate various contingencies involved in the aesthetic judgment and the significant influence of institutional practices in the formation of the classical American canon. 본 논문은 미국 문학과 관련하여 최근 가장 활발한 학문적 논쟁의 대상이 되고 있는 19세기 문학 정전의 형성에 대한 문제를 연구하였다. 정전에 대한 전통주의 진영의 입장과 새롭게 떠오르는 수정주의 진영의 입장이 이론적으로 서로 첨예하게 대립하고 있는 가운데 본 논문에서는 19세기 미국 문학을 대표하는 나다니엘 호손(Nathaniel Hawthorne), 허만 멜빌(Herman Melville), 에드거 알란 포우(Edgar Allan Poe), 케잇 쇼팽(Kate Chopin) 등과 같은 작가들의 작품이 어떠한 가치평가의 과정을 거쳐 정전의 지위에 오르게 되었는지를 수정주의적 관점에서 재조명하였다.

인공지능의 시대, 프로페셔널리즘의 위기와 교양교육의 방향

정연재 한국교양교육학회 2020 교양교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 글은 인공지능의 시대에 교양교육의 근본적 중요성을 도출하는 데 있다. 보다 구체적으로는 인공지능 자동화가 심화시킨 프로페셔널리즘의 위기의 본질을 추적하고, 기술과 인간가치의 균형을 이루기 위한 교양교육의 방향을 탐색하는 것이다. 이러한 논의를 기초로 해서 교양교육은 공존 능력 함양과 창의성 증진을 위해 혁신에 박차를 가해야 한다는 점을 강조할 것이다. 본 글은 다음과 같이 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 장은 급변하는 사회 속에서 학부교육의 위기를 살펴본다. 두 번째 장은 인공지능과 자동화가 촉발시킨 고용환경의 변화와 사회적 불평등을 살펴보고, 교육-고용 시스템의 붕괴 속에서 평생학습의 토대로서 교양교육의 주요 과제를 명확히 설정한다. 세 번째 장은 인공지능의 시대에 나타난 극소화된 전문성과 탈전문주의화의 원인을 분석하고, 이러한 위기에 대처하기 위한 전문 교육의 방향을 살펴본다. 네 번째 장은 인공지능의 부상에 적응하기 위한 교육적 시도로서 전통적인 고등교육의 한계를 넘어서는 혁신적인 교육 모델의 사례(로봇으로 대체불가능한 고등교육, 개방형 순환 대학)를 살펴본다. 마지막 장은 포스트휴먼 시대에 대처하기 위한 교양교욱의 방향과 역할을 살펴본다. The purpose of this article is to lead to the fundamental importance of general education in the age of artificial intelligence. More specifically, this article analyses the essential feature of the crisis of professionalism that the AI automation aggravates, and explores the direction of general education which grope for balance between technology and human value. In this article, based on this argumentation, I suggest that the general education should give impetus to the innovation in order to forster competence for coexistence and enhance creativity. This study is organized as follows. The first section examines the crises of university education in the fast-changing society. The second section analyses the transformation of the job environment and the social inequality resulted from the AI and automation and clarifies the key tasks of general education as a basis of lifelong learning in the collapse of the education-to-employment system. The third section analyzes the cause of minimized expertise, deprofessionalism in the age of artificial intelligence and examines the direction of the professional education to cope with the crisis. The Fourth section explores the case of an innovative education model beyond the limit of traditional model of higher education as a educational trial to adapt to the rise of artificial intelligence. The last section examines the role and direction of general education to cope with the post-human era.

폐 전기차 셀분말의 배소 조건에 따른 선택적 리튬침출 영향 연구

정연재,박성철,손성호 한국표면공학회 2019 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2019 No.11

Irving, Poe, and “The Man of the Crowd”

정연재 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.4

Poe’s early literary inspiration as a fiction writer was clearly Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine and other popular periodicals. However, one of the most significant sources critics have left out of critical consideration is Washington Irving. While Irving’s influence on other literary figures such as Longfellow and Hawthorne is relatively well documented, his influence on Poe’s work has gained little attention in the scholarly circle. When Poe turned from the creation of poetry as his literary mainstay to the writing of fiction in 1832, the short story as the peculiar magazine form was already flourishing in the hands of Irving. Poe was well aware of Irving’s tales and envied his reputation as one of the day’s most famous and well-paid American writers. In this study, I have explored the specific intertextual connections between Poe’s “The Man of the Crowd” and Irving’s Mysterious Stranger tales such as “The Little Man in Black,” “The Stout Gentleman,” and “The Adventure of the Mysterious Stranger.” Poe carefully studied Irvingesque Mysterious Stranger stories with special reference to their construction and subject matter, and thus effectively perfected his own techniques in writing “The Man of the Crowd.”

Poe's "Thingum Bob" and Its Historical Context

정연재 한국중앙영어영문학회 2008 영어영문학연구 Vol.50 No.2

The dominant psychoanalytic tradition in Poe criticism has sought to find out the pathological cause of Poe’s aberrant personality and diseased fantasies, disregarding the specificities of the historical, economic, political, and social context that informs the author’s creative activity. Poe’s 1844 short story, “The Literary Life of Thingum Bob, Esq. Late Editor of the ‘Goosetherumfoodle’ by Himself,” has been analyzed in psychoanalytic terms. Emphasizing Poe’s early life in Richmond and his unhappy relations with John Allan, psychoanalytic critics have focused on uncovering Poe’s hatred for his father and the unconscious Oedipal revenge implicitly acted out in his fictional text. Departing from the traditional psychoanalytic tradition, I will demonstrate in this study that Poe’s satirical piece, “Thingum Bob,” cannot be appropriately understood without reference to its complex socio-historical context. I will situate Poe’s “Thingum Bob” in the context of the mid-nineteenth-century literary conditions including the birth of the professional author, the emergence of publishing as a formidable business, and the literary conflicts between Poe and the influential New England literary cliques. In so doing, I will demonstrate that Poe’s “Thingum Bob” was conditioned not only by the writer’s pure artistic imagination alone, but also by his constant literary relations and struggles with the publishing world in the first decades of the nineteenth-century America.

Poe's Transition from Blackwood's to Detective Fiction

정연재 한국현대영어영문학회 2011 현대영어영문학 Vol.55 No.4

Beginning with his first Gothic piece, "Metzengerstein," most of Poe's early tales were closely patterned after Blackwood's, the premier literary journal of its time. Although most critics tend to emphasize Poe's indebtedness to Blackwood's, his attitude toward Blackwood's is much more complex than is commonly assumed. Poe knew well the advantages and limitations of presentation in Blackwood's form. Moreover, he was always careful not merely to imitate his models, but to improve upon them or apply them in new ways. Through the combination of Blackwood's Gothic convention with the analytical reasoning, Poe eventually invented the detective fiction or what he preferred to call "tales of ratiocination." With his famous Dupin trilogy, Poe elevated the genre to new heights by exploring the investigative element that arises between the crime and the punishment. Dupin solves puzzling problems by means of a pure intellect that combines scientific logic and artistic imagination. This study explores Poe's significant artistic transition, focusing on how he built upon the Gothic type of Blackwood's tales and brought it to the level of aesthetic mastery in the form of detective fiction.