Updating Land Cover Classification Using Integration of Multi-Spectral and Temporal Remotely Sensed Data

장동호(Dong-Ho Jang),Chang-Jo F. Chung(Chang-Jo F. Chung) 대한지리학회 2004 대한지리학회지 Vol.39 No.5

최근, 다중 센서 영상과 GIS 주제도 정보를 이용한 토지 피복 분류에 대해 관심이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 그러나, 분류에 필요한 효과적인 GIS 정보를 충분히 보유하고 있음에도 불구하고, 최대우도법(MLE) 같은 전통적인 방법은 기존의 컴퓨터 프로그램들이 GIS 자료를 제대로 다룰 수 없다는 이유로 유용한 정보의 이용에 제한을 받아 왔다. 본 연구에서는 다중 파장대 및 다중 시기 영상을 이용하여 새로운 영상 분류기법을 제안하고자 한다. 특히 MLE기법을 확대하여 다중 스펙트럼 영상 자료 및 토지 피복 분류 자료 등을 함께 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 파라미터가 데이터에서 추정되는 경우 우도비(LRE) 추정법이 오히려 더 적합할 수 있어서 LRE기법도 함께 사용하였다. 연구 지역은 서해안 안면도 지역이며, 자료는 Landsat ETM+ 영상과 Landsat TM 영상을 이용하여 만든 토지 피복도이다. 연구 결과, 제안된 방법은 단일 스펙트럼 자료를 사용하는 것보다 현저히 개선된 분류 정확도를 나타낸다. 즉, 개선된 분류 영상들은, MLE를 사용했을 때는 6.2%, LRE를 사용했을 때는 9.2%의 분류 정확도 개선을 보였다. 또한 본 연구는 제시된 알고리즘이 토지 피복 변화에 따른 그 지역의 변화 지역 추출도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 향후 토지피복 분류 결과는 실 세계에서 보다 정확한 의사결정을 위한 보완적인 자료로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라는 판단된다. These days, interests on land cover classification using not only multi-sensor data but also thematic GIS information, are increasing. Often, although we have useful GIS information for the classification, the traditional classification method like maximum likelihood estimation technique (MLE) does not allow us to use the information due to the fact that the MLE and the existing computer programs cannot handle GIS data properly. We proposed a new method for updating the image classification using multi-spectral and multi-temporal images. In this study, we have simultaneously extended the MLE to accommodate both multi-spectral images data and land cover data for land cover classification. In addition to the extended MLE method, we also have extended the empirical likelihood ratio estimation technique (LRE), which is one of non-parametric techniques, to handle simultaneously both multi-spectral images data and land cover data. The proposed procedures were evaluated using land cover map based on Landsat ETM+ images in the Anmyeon-do area in South Korea. As a result, the proposed methods showed considerable improvements in classification accuracy when compared with other single-spectral data. Improved classification images showed that the overall accuracy indicated an improvement in classification accuracy of 6.2% when using MLE, and 9.2% for the LRE, respectively. The case study also showed that the proposed methods enable the extraction of the area with land cover change. In conclusion, land cover classification produced through the combination of various GIS spatial data and multispectral images will be useful to involve complementary data to make more accurate decisions.

전안부 빛간섭단층촬영을 이용한 백내장 수술 후 앞방깊이와 앞방각의 변화 측정

장동호,이승찬,진경현,Dong Ho Chang,M,D,Seung Chan Lee,M,D,Kyung Hyun Jin,M,D 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.9

Purpose: To report the change of anterior chamber parameters according to cataract severity after cataract surgery and to determine its relationship to the severity of cataract by using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Methods: We measured the anterior chamber parameters in 19 eyes of 14 patients before, 1 week after, and 1 month after cataract surgery by slit lamp-adapted optical coherence tomography (SL-OCT). The measured parameters were as follows : the anterior chamber depth (ACD), the angle-opening distance 250 μm from the scleral spur (AOD250), the angle-opening distance 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), and the trabecular-iris angle (TIA). We analyzed the relationship between the severity of cataract and the change of the anterior chamber parameters. Results: The ACD, AOD250, AOD500, and TIA increased significantly at postoperative 1 week (P=0.000, 0.002, 0.005, 0.022) and 1 month (P=0.000, 0.004, 0.001, 0.002). The preoperative parameters were negatively correlated with the differences between the postoperative 1 week and preoperative parameters (γ=-0.834, -0.591, -0.421, -0.826) and between postoperative 1 month and preoperative parameters (γ=-0.659, -0.700, -0.770, -0.821). The change of parameters at postoperative 1 week (by N P=0.959, 0.916, 0.824, 1.000, by C P=0.454, 0.665, 0.578, 0.578) and 1 month (by N P=0.858, 0.973, 0.959, 0.959, by C P=0.999, 0.207, 0.950, 0.981) were not significantly different according to the severity of cataract (N, C). Conclusions: Our results showed that cataract surgery significantly deepened the anterior chamber and widened its angle. The shallower and narrower the preoperative anterior chamber depth and angle were, respectively, the greater the postoperative changes of anterior chamber depth and angle were. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2008;49(9):1443-1452

초기 외상성 앞방출혈에서 초음파생체현미경의 임상적 의의

장동호,이평,이승찬,진경현.Dong Ho Chang. MD. Pyung Lee. MD. Seung Chan Lee. MD. Kyung Hyun Jin. MD 대한안과학회 2010 대한안과학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of angle-opening distance 500 (AOD500) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the early stage of traumatic hyphema. Methods: The participants of this study were 46 hospitalized traumatic hyphema patients. We measured the quantity of initial blood clotting using a slit-lamp and the range of angle recession, AOD500 using UBM and then reviewed the relationship between the two. Results: The difference of AOD500 in the traumatic and the non-traumatic eye measured by UBM at admission increased significantly in the wider recessed angle group (p=0.008), but did not increase at a statistically significantly level in the larger initial blood clot grade group (≥Grade 2). Conclusions: These results suggest that the measurement of the angle-opening distance of both eyes using UBM will aid in evaluating the range of angle recession in patients in the early stage of traumatic hyphema. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(1):106-111

장구균 검출 배지 개발

장동호,윤준범,이근헌,박경량,Chang, Dong-Ho,Yoon, Jun-Beom,Lee, Keun Heon,Park, Kyeong Ryang 한국미생물학회 2016 미생물학회지 Vol.52 No.1

분변오염의 지표가 되는 장구균을 검출하기 위하여 장구균 선택 배지를 개발하였다. 기존에 알려진 여러 장구균 검출배지 중 총 9종류(Enterococci Confirmatory agar, Azide dextrose agar, Bromocresol-purple azide agar, Esculin bile agar, Citrate azide tween carbonate agar, KF Streptococcus agar, BROLACIN agar, Kanamycin esculin azide agar, Membrane filter Enterococcus selective agar)의 배지를 선별하였고, 배지 성분을 적절히 조합하여 새로운 배지 Enterococcus Mixed medium을 개발하였다. 배지의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 장구균 6종류(Enterococcus avium KACC 10788, Enterococcus faecium KACC 11954, Enterococcus saccharolyticus KACC 10783, Enterococcus durans KACC 10787, Enterococcus faecalis KACC 11304, Enterococcus hirae KACC 10779)와 비장구균 3종류(Escherichia coli KACC 10005, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus KACC 10768, Bacillus subtilis KACC 10111)를 사용하였다. 그 결과 새롭게 개발된 장구균 검출배지에서 비장구균의 생장이 억제된 반면에 장구균 6종류는 모두 생장하는 것을 확인하였다. 또 환경시료에서 장구균을 분리할 수 있는지 확인하기 위해 하천과 바다에서 채취해온 시료를 이용하여 실험한 결과 장구균의 생장을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 배지를 이용하면 수질 분변오염의 지표가 되는 장구균을 효과적으로 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다. An enterococci selective medium was developed to detect the presence of enterococci for use as a fecal contamination indicator. Among several media which have been known to detect enterococci, the following 9 different kinds of media were selected: Enterococci Confirmatory agar, Azide dextrose agar, Bromocresol-purple azide agar, Esculin bile agar, Citrate azide tween carbonate agar, KF Streptococcus agar, BROLACIN agar, Kanamycin esculin azide agar, and Membrane filter Enterococcus selective agar. Various components from the nine media were mixed to develop a more effective enterococcus selective medium. The newly developed medium named as 'Enterococcus Mixed medium' was more effective than the previous 9 media. Enterococci strains (Enterococcus avium KACC 10788, Enterococcus faecium KACC 11954, Enterococcus saccharolyticus KACC 10783, Enterococcus durans KACC 10787, Enterococcus faecalis KACC 11304, and Enterococcus hirae KACC 10779) and non-enterococci strains (Escherichia coli KACC 10005, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus KACC 10768, and Bacillus subtilis KACC 10111) were used to test the new medium. As a result, the enterococci strains grew well on the Enterococcus Mixed medium whereas the non-enterococci strains did not grow well on it. Additionally, growth of enterococci with freshwater and seawater samples was observed to be good on the Enterococcus Mixed medium. The result of this study confirmed that the Enterococcus Mixed medium was effective in detecting the target enterococci.

추나요법을 적용한 체위성 상완신경총 손상 치험 1례

장동호,강연경,조성우,이영석,Chang, Dong-Ho,Kang, Yeon-Kyeong,Cho, Sung-Woo,Lee, Young-Seok 척추신경추나의학회 2010 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.5 No.2

This study was performed to report the effect of oriental medical treatment and general biomechanic manipulation on a patient with upper limb palsy caused by postural brachial plexus injury. The patient was treated with acupuncture, herb medicine and general biomechanic manipulation. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated with range of motion, visual analogue scale and manual muscle test. After 11 times treatment, motion and muscular force were progressed, pain was decreased. This result suggests that oriental medical treatment and general coordinative manipulation are effective to care the postural brachial plexus injury.

23게이지와 20게이지의 유리체절제술 시스템을 이용한 실리콘기름 제거술의 비교

장동호,김응석,유승영,곽형우.Dong Ho Chang. M.D.. Eung Suk Kim. M.D.. Seung Young Yu. M.D.. Hyung Woo Kwak. M.D. 대한안과학회 2008 대한안과학회지 Vol.49 No.12

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of silicone oil removal using a 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy (TSVS) and the 20-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) system and to evaluate the clinical value of 23-guage PPV system in silicone oil removal. Methods: Eight eyes of 8 patients who received removal of silicone oil using the 23-gauge TSVS and 6 eyes of 6 patients using the 20-gauge PPV system were included in this study. The total operation time, silicone oil removal time, intraoperative and postoperative advantages, shortcomings, and complications were compared. Results: The operation time and silicone oil removal time were 44.6±14.1 minutes, 42.7±10.5 minutes and 2.0±0.9 min/cc, 1.4±0.6 min/cc when silicone oil removal was performed using 23-gauge TSVS and 20-gauge PPV system, respectively. They were not significantly different (p=0.80, 0.22). Attention for the complete removal of the oil is necessary because of the intraocular trocar length when the 23-gauge TSVS is used. There were no complications except transient hypotonies (2 eyes), transient hypertonies (2 eyes) in the 23-gauge system and transient hypertonies (2 eyes) in the 20-gauge system. Conclusions: The operation time for silicone oil removal using the 23-gauge TSVS was not different than that of the 20-gauge PPV system and can be performed safely without any particular complications. Care and precautionary measures are needed in order to remove silicone oil completely.

창의적 표현의 관점에서 고찰한 초등 미술과 교육과정 및 교과서의 문제와 제언

장동호(Dong-Ho Chang) 한국국제미술교육학회 2012 미술과 교육 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구는 아동의 창의적 표현 활동의 관점에서 2007년 개정 교육과정의 내용과 미술 교과서(3-4학년용)의 내용 및 구성에 상호 일관되지 못한 문제가 있음을 밝히며 하나의 방안을 제안한 내용이다. 문제의 지적으로, 발상 지도, 미적체험-표현의 각 영역 간 내용적인 연계, 교육과정과 교과서의 일관되지 못한 내용, 미적체험의 역할과 내용 등의 문제를 들었다. 문제 해결로서, 특히 미적체험의 내용과 역할이 조형 요소와 원리의 특징을 찾는 활동, 주제와 관련된 동기부여로서 일반적인 지식을 이해하는 활동, 아동의 미적 경험과 안목을 이끌어내서 자기 이미지를 찾고 그 이미지에 맞는 재료를 선택하는 활동으로 취급되는 것이 바람직함을 제시한다. 표현 영역에 대해서는 미적체험에서 찾은 자기 이미지를 주제 표현으로 연계하고, 재료의 탐색과 기법은 표현 영역에서만 취급되는 것이 바람직하며, 교육과정에 준하여 교과서 내용이 구성되어져야 함을 제안한다. 이와 같은 제안은 아동의 창의적인 표현의 관점에서 교육과정과 교과서의 내용 구성을 일치시키는 하나의 방안을 제시하는 데에 의의가 있다. This study is a proposition revealing that there are some problems in the contents and the configuration of textbooks and the curriculum from the point of Lowenfeld who values the activity of creative expression. Pointing out the problems, firstly, it is an inhibition for the children’s creative expression activity that the “conception” is presented in the area of expression in the contents of teaching–learning of the curriculum of education. Secondly, there is a problem in connecting between the contents and the aesthetic experience for each area that it causes confusion for children's creative thinking and expression. Thirdly, the content of curricula and the configuration of textbooks do not match that it gives confusion to those who are in the school field or to the art educators. So, the content and the roles, in a way to solve these problems, are as follows; ①Activities of finding the characteristic of the elements and principles of formation. ②Activities of understandings the motivation related to the general knowledge of the topic. ③It is desirable to be treated a wider range of information for the children to find their self- image and select the appropriate materials out of their taste and their aesthetic experience. The contents of the representation and the roles are as follows; ①In a way of relating activities expressing self-image more specifically as a theme found in the aesthetic experience. ②It is preferable that the activities of the finding of materials and techniques should be treated in the area of expression not in the area of aesthetic experience for children's self-directed process of representation. ③It should be configured in accordance with the contents of the activities of the curriculum and especially the activities for children's self-directed process of representation is needed. The goal of this proposition is to match the configuration in the view of child's creative activities, emphasizing the content of curricula.

생물 계면활성제를 생산하는 Pseudomonas sp. Z1의 특성

Dong Ho Chang(장동호),Eun Jung Ko(고은정),Kyeong Ryang Park(박경량) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

대전일원의 유류오염 지역의 토양으로부터 원유를 단일 탄소원으로 이용하는 총 145균주를 순수분리 하였고, 이중 생물 계면활성제 생성능이 가장 우수한 한 균주를 최종 선별하여 형태 및 생리·생화학적 특성을 조사하고 16S rRNA 염기서열을 분석을 통하여 동정한 결과 Pseudomonas sp.로 확인되어 Pseudomonas sp. Z1이라 명명하였다. 최종 선별된 Pseudomonas sp. Z1은 클로람페니콜과 암피실린 등의 항생제와 리튬, 망간, 바륨 등의 중금속에 대해 강한 내성을 갖고 있었고, 최적 온도와 pH는 각각 30℃와 pH 6.0-7.0으로 확인되었다. Pseudomonas sp. Z1이 생성하는 생물 계면활성제는 배양 10시간 이후부터 배양액의 표면장력이 급격히 감소해, 배양 21시간 후에 최대 28 dyne/㎝까지 감소되었고, 2% 이상의 NaCl을 첨가한 경우 배양액의 생물계면활성제의 활성이 감소하였다. One hundred forty five bacterial colonies which were able to degrade crude oil were isolated from soil samples that were contaminated with oil in the Daejon area. Among these colonies, one bacterial strain was selected for this study based on its low surface tension ability, and this selected bacterial strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. Z1 through physiological-biochemical tests and analysis of its 16S rRNA sequence. Pseudomonas sp. Z1 showed a high resistance to antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and ampicillin, as well as heavy metals such as lithium, manganese, and barium. It was found that the optimal pH and temperature for biosurfactant production of Pseudomonas sp Z1 were pH 6.0-7.0 and 30℃, respectively. After ten hours of inoculation, the biosurfactant activity of the culture broth decreased rapidly, and had maximum surface tension (28 dyne/㎝) after twenty-one hours incubation. The biosurfactant activity of the culture broth was also decreased up to 2% NaCl concentration.

요통에 대한 추나요법과 가열식 화침 병행 치료의 효과

장동호 ( Dong Ho Chang ),배우열 ( U Yeol Bae ),정종훈 ( Jong Hoon Jung ),이인선 ( In Seon Lee ) 한방재활의학과학회 2011 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to prove that using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy can be more effective therapy for low back pain patient. Methods: 43 patients with low back pain were divided into 2 groups; using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy group and using chuna therapy only group. The patients were evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS) and pain rating score(PRS). Results: Each group showed significant effect in decreasing VAS score and PRS score. After 2nd treatment, the sample group was significantly more effective in decreasing VAS. And after 3rd treatment, the sample group was significantly more effective in decreasing PRS(p<0.05). Constructive disease didn`t affect the change of pain significantly. Conclusions: In this clinical study, using burning acupuncture therapy with chuna therapy group was more effective in relieving low back pain than using chuna therapy only group.

산사태 재해에 대한 삼림지 위험평가 분석모델 개발

장동호 ( Dong Ho Jang ),( Chang Jo F. Chung ) 한국지형학회 2007 한국지형학회지 Vol.14 No.4