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면역기능이 정상인 성인에서 발생한 Human Metapneumovirus 중증 폐렴
임효정 ( Hyo Jeong Lim ),이진우 ( Jin Woo Lee ),박영식 ( Young Sik Park ),김낙현 ( Nak Hyun Kim ),김문석 ( Moon Suk Kim ),임재준 ( Jae Joon Yim ),양석철 ( Seok Chul Yang ),유철규 ( Chul Gyu Yoo ),김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ),한성구 ( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2009 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.67 No.2
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently recognized human respiratory pathogen, which is known to be associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections mainly in children, immunocompromised patients, and the elderly. The clinical manifestations of hMPV infections are similar to those of the human respiratory syncytial virus infection, which range from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Recently, hMPV has come to be thought of as the cause a similar spectrum of disease in adults as that seen in children; however, most of the reports of hMPV infections have focused on infection in children. We report a case of severe hMPV pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation in an immunocompetent adult in Korea.
임효정 ( Hyo-jeong Lim ),이재호 ( Jae Ho Lee ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회지 Vol.82 No.3
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important public issues for its global burden of mortality and morbidity. Rapid diagnosis and treatment of active TB are crucial in effective TB control because of lacking truly effective preventive strategy. In recent decades, drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has emerged as an expanding threat, prompt and reliable laboratory detection of of DR-TB are urgently needed to limit the spread of them. Recently, nonmolecular and molecular assays has been developed for early detection of active TB with or without detection of drug resistance. Broth-based culture systems are capable of producing positive results in 3 weeks or less and many automated system can be widely used for drug susceptibility test. Nucleic acid amplication (NAA) assays have high specificity and positive predictive value, high sensitivity in smear positive specimens. Line probe assays shows high sensitivity for detecting resistance to rifampin and variables sensitivity for detecting resistance to isoniazid. XpertMTB/RIF assay, an automated rapid PCR device, showed high sensitivity and specificity for TB and rifampin resistance. Although new diagnostic methods can decrease turn-around time with considerable diagnostic accuracy and convenience, they are not a replacement for culture and conventional drug susceptibility test for diagnostic limitation in special situations. (Korean J Med 2012;82:263-268)
중학생의 유전 가계도 문제 해결에서 나타나는 주의 집중과 해결 과정 분석
임효정 ( Hyo-jeong Lim ),권용주 ( Yong-ju Kwon ) 한국생물교육학회 2021 생물교육 Vol.49 No.3
The purpose of this study is to analyze the attention and problem solving process on genogram by junior high school students. It was analyzed by using an eye tracker. 30 participants were divided to 3 groups according to problem solving ability which is determined by the rate of correction. Attention is analyzed by duration of fixation and number of fixations. Problem solving process is analyzed by number of visits and time to first fixation. AOIs are categorized into 7 parts; question, key, questioned target, important evidence, less important evidence, the least important evidence and background. On average of all problems, a group with high problem solving ability had less attention to the background. They were confident and solve the problem easily. A group with middle problem solving ability had more attention to the background. On average of difficult problems, they had more attention to important evidence and the least important evidence. It means they are not confident and confused about their answer and solving method. A group with low problem solving ability had less attention to important evidence. It’s because they had difficulty in searching important evidence. In problem solving process, students who have high problem solving ability searched important evidence directly and switched their attention effectively according to the importance of evidences. Students who have middle problem solving ability switched their attention to less important evidence earlier than important evidence. It’s because they were confused about the importance of evidences. Students who have low problem solving ability switched their attention to the background early and questioned target the last, which is not efficient way. In this study, the characteristics of attention and problem solving process were different according to the problem solving ability on genogram. It is expected that teachers could improve their understanding of students who have different problem solving ability. And they can suggest an effective way to solve the genogram problem in teaching and learning situations.
임효정 ( Hyo Jeong Lim ),이원영 ( Won Young Lee ) 기술경영경제학회 2009 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.17 No.1
본 연구는 연구개발 외주비중(총연구개발비 중 외부 연구개발비 비율)에 영향을 주는 기업요인을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이와 관련된 4개의 가설을 검증하기 위해 통계청의 2006년 기업활동실태조사 데이터를 이용해 토빗분석을 수행했다. 본 논문의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기술역량이 높은 기업일수록 연구개발 외주비중이 높다. 즉 근로자수 대비 특허수 또는 연구개발 집약도(매출액 대비 연구개발비)가 높은 기업은 연구개발 외주에 의존하는 경향이 있다. 그러나 사내연구소를 보유한 기업의 경우 연구개발 외주를 주더라도 그 비중이 낮았다. 둘째, 혁신활동의 보완재로 IT솔루션을 활용하는 기업은 연구개발 외주비중이 높다. 셋째, 대기업일수록 내부 연구개발보다 외부 연구개발비의 비중 이 높다. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between R&D outsourcing ratio (external R&D expenditures out of total R&D expenditures) and firm characteristics. Four hypotheses are tested using firm-level data with Tobit regression method. The major findings of this paper are as follows. First, firms with high technological capabilities, which are measured by R&D expenditures per sale and the number of patents per employee, rely more on R&D outsourcing. Nonetheless, firms that own R&D centers tend to rely less on external outsourcing of R&D. Second, firms with high managerial innovation capabilities, which is measured by the introduction of IT solutions, show higher R&D outsourcing ratio. Third, bigger firms are likely to spend more in external R&D than in internal R&D. This paper also discusses implications on R&D policy of Korea.
송효정 ( Hyo Jeong Song ),황경섭 ( Kyung Sub Hwang ),박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),이학영 ( Hak Young Lee ),김종선 ( Jong Sun Kim ),김현우 ( Hyun Woo Kim ),임동옥 ( Dong Ok Lim ),이승휘 ( Sung Hwi Lee ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ) 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.1
주암호의 수질변동과 주요 생물 군집 특성을 조사하였다. 수질의 경우, 수온은 3.8~21.2°C, 수소이온농도(pH) 는 6.7~8.6, 전기전도도는 64~76 μs cm-1, 용존산소량 (DO)은 5.3~13.2 mg L-1, 화학적산소요구량(COD)은 2.5 ~3.3mg L-1, 부유물질(SS)은 1.0~5.1 mg L-1, 총질소(TN) 는 0.622~0.841 mg L-1, 총인(T-P)은 0.007~0.019 mg L-1, Chl-a 농도는 2.8~8.8 mg m-3로 나타났다. 수정 Carlson 지수(TSIm)에 따른 영양단계 평가 결과는 연평균 중영양 상태로 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 총 출현종수는 53종으로 규조류 28종, 녹조류 13종, 남조류 3종, 기타 9종이 확인되었다. 현존량은 113~2,909 cells mL-1의 범위를 보였다. 동물플랑크톤 총 출현 종수는 16종으로 출현 분류군별로는 윤충류 10종, 지각류와 요각류가 각각 4종과 2종이 확인되었고 현존량은 309~435 ind. L-1의 범위로 나타났다. 저서성대형무척추동물은 총 12목 21과 33종으로 1038개체가 출현하였으며, 우점종은 등 줄하루살이였고 아우점종은 두점하루살이로 나타났다. 수생식물은 총 9종으로 정수식물 8종, 부유식물 1종이 확인되었다. 생태계교란야생식물로는 돼지풀과 물참새피가 출현하였다. 어류는 총 30종 613개체가 확인되었다. 한국 고유종은 10종으로 33.3%의 고유도를 나타냈고, 외래도입어종은 3종으로 침투도 10.0%로 나타났다. This study was to investigate water quality and biotic community characteristics in Juam Lake. In water quality, water temperatures was 3.8~21.2°C, 6.7~8.6 in pH, 64~76 μs cm-1 in Conductivity, 5.3~13.2 mg L-1 in DO, 2.5~3.3 mg L-1 in COD, 1.0~5.1 mg L-1 in SS, 0.622~0.841 mg L-1 in T-N, 0.007~0.019 mg L-1 in T-P and 2.8~8.8 mg m-3 in Chl-a. Revised Carlson`s Index (TSIm) assessment using total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll-a domonstrated that the trophic states of Juam Lake were rated as mesotrophic. A total of 53 species of phytoplankton were identified. They were 28 Bacillariophyceae, 13 Chlorophyceae, 3 Cyanophyceae, and 9 Other algal taxa. The standing crops of phytoplankton was ranged from 113 cells mL-1 to 2,909 cells mL-1. A total of 16 species of zooplankton were identified (10 rotifers, 4 cladocerans and 2 copepods). Total zooplankton abundance was 309 ind. L-1 to 435 ind. L-1. The collected benthic macroinvertebrates from the surveyed sites in Juam Lake were 1,038 individuals, 33 species, 21 families and 12 orders. A dominant species was Uracanthella rufa and a subdominant species was Ecdyonurus kibunensis. Hydrophytes recorded from Juam Lake were identified 9 taxa. Emerged plants, floating plants among the hydrophytes was classified 8, 1 taxa, respectively. Ecosystem disturbance wildplant by Environment Ministry found were Paspalum distichum var. distichum and Ambrosia artemisiaefolia. A total of 30 species (6 families) were collected fishs from Juam Lake. There were 10 Korean endemic species (33.3% of collected species number) and 3 exotic species (10.0%).
나정은 ( Jeong Eun Na ),정명화 ( Myoung Hwa Jung ),조인숙 ( In Sook Cho ),박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),황경섭 ( Kyung Sub Hwang ),송효정 ( Hyo Jeong Song ),임병진 ( Byung Jin Lim ),라긍환 ( Geung Hwan La ),김현우 ( Hyun Woo Kim ) 한국환경생물학회 2012 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.30 No.1
Abstract - The distributions of phytoplankton community are investigated from 29 reservoirs in Yeongsan and Seomjin River Basins, Korea. As a microalgal flora, a total of 424 species of phytoplankton were identified. They were 157 Chlorophyceae, 161 Bacillariophyceae, 39 Cyanophyceae, and 67 other algal taxa. The phytoplankton diversity were low in stream type reservoirs such as Kumho, Youngsan and Youngam Reservoirs. The population density of phytoplankton ranged from 29 cells mL-1 to 53,161 cells mL-1. The dominant phytoplankton species more than 20% of total standing crops were Asterionella formosa, Aulacoseira ambigua, Aulacoseira distans, Aulacoseira granulata, Cyclotella sp., Synedra acus, Coelastrum reticulatum, Pandorina morum, Scenedesmus arcuatus, Aphanothece clathrata, Microcystis aeruginosa, Phormidium sp. The concentration of chlorophyll a ranged from 0.41 mg m-3~220.72 mg m-3, and showed highest concentration in Gaecho-je. The concentrations of TN and TP have no clear relationships with chlorophyll a concentrations.