경직의 정량 평가를 위한 진자실험의 변수분석 ( A Study on the Parameter Analysis for the Quantitative Evaluation of Spasticity Implementing Pendulum Test )

임현균,이영신,조강희,채진목,김봉옥 대한기계학회 2000 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.- No.-

한국 성인 발 형태의 좌우 및 변형 연구

임현균,박수찬,최경주,김진호,박세진,Im, Hyeon-Gyun,Park, Su-Chan,Choe, Gyeong-Ju,Kim, Jin-Ho,Park, Se-Jin 대한인간공학회 2001 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

An analysis of anthropometric data of feet of Korean adults was made in this study. Anthropometric data were measured with the direct measurement method and indirect measurement method. Martin scales and a tapeline were used for direct measurement. Digital images taken with a digital camera as an indirect measurement method were analyzed using AutoCAD program. Total 114 adults aged from 20's to 40's participated in this study. Especially right and left feet were measured. Right and left side were compared and differences according to age were compared too. Feet shape, arch height, and deformation of toe were analyzed. The comparison between right and left foot showed that many subjects had different anthropometric data in their feet. Feet deformation including arch height and claw toe shape showed very serious status. Close and continuous attention to feet deformation is strongly needed.

진자실험을 통한 경직의 정량적 평가에 관한 연구

임현균,조강희,김봉옥,채진목,이영신,Lim H.K.,Cho K.H.,Kim B.O.,Chae J.M.,Lee Y.S. 대한의용생체공학회 2000 의공학회지 Vol.21 No.3

An accurate quantitative biomechanical evaluation for the spasticity caused by the disorder of central nervous system was made in this study. A sudden leg dropper was designed to generate objective testing environment at every trial. 3-dimensional motion analysis system(Elite. B.T.S. Italy) was used to measure kinematic data which were angle. and angular velocity of a lower limb. A program was developed to analyze the kinematic data of lower limb motion. and dynamic EMG data at the same time. To evaluate spasticity quantitatively. total 26 parameters including 14 parameters newly driven were analyzed, and statistical analysis were made for bilateral correlations. Results showed possibility to make accurate quantitative and objective evaluation for spasticity with various new parameters using new devices and program. 본 연구에서는 중추신경계 질환에 의해 발생하는 경직을 정밀하고 정량적으로 평가하기 위하여 생체역학적 측면에서 실험 및 분석을 수행하였다. 객관적인 실험환경을 만족시키기 위해 기존에 검사자가 손으로 수행하던 방식을 개발된 진자실험 장치를 통하여 동일한 방법과 높이가 재현될 수 있도록 하였다. 하지의 진자 운동에서 발생되는 운동 형상학적 데이터들은 3차원 동작 분석장비(Elite. B.T.S. Italy)를 사용하여 측정하였으며, 경직과 관련된 하지의 각도, 각속도 변수에 대한 분석이 수행되었다. 진자 운동시 하지의 운동형상학적 데이터, 근육들의 길이변화와 변화 속도, 동적 근전도신호 등을 동시에 고려할 수 있는 프로그램을 제작하였다. 또한 기존의 분석보다 다양한 각도에서 경직의 정량적 평가가 가능하도록 14개의 새로운 변수를 도출하여 정량적 평가를 위한 총 26개의 변수에 대한 상호 상관성을 검토하였다. 새롭게 제시된 검사방식과 새로운 변수를 통하여 정밀하고 객관적인 경직 판정의 가능성을 제시하였다.

참가기 : 여름에 들러분 겨울의 나라 Sapporo와 ISEK 2000 참가기

임현균 대한기계학회 2000 기계저널 Vol.40 No.9

Flexible Transparent Conducting Composite Film Using Surface-Embedded Metal Nanowires with Robust Performance Stability

임현균,진정호,이재민,정수호,김회윤,이정용,김일두,배병수 한국고분자학회 2014 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.4

진자실험을 통한 경직의 정량적 평가에 관한 연구 II - 대표변수를 이용한 새로운 척도 개발

임현균,조강희,김봉옥,이영신 대한의용생체공학회 2001 의공학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구에서는 진자 실험을 통하여 중추신경계 질환인 경직을 정량적으로 판정할 수 있는 새로운 LCL(Logically Classified Level) 척도(scale)가 개발되었다. 새로운 척도개발에는 총 30개의 변수가 사용되었다. 이를 위하여 실험결과의 통계적 분석이 수행되었고 이들 중 진자 실험에서 경직의 특성이 가장 잘 반영되는 변수가 대표변수로 선정되었다. 사용된 30개의 변수 중 20개는 새로 도출된 변수이며 10개는 선행된 연구자들에 의하여 개발된 변수이다. 새로운 20개의 변수들은 진자 실험에서 발생되는 특성들인 각도, 각속도, 근육 모델, EMG가 고르게 반영될 수 있도록 이들의 조합으로 도출되었다. 이변량 상관분석결과 총 30개의 변수들 중 11개의 변수들은 서로 밀접한 상관성이 있음이 파악되었다. 11개의 서로 강한 상관성을 보이는 변수 중 논리적인 모순이 없는 L11이 대표변수로 선택되었다. 28명의 환자 데이터는 대표변수인 L11를 기준으로 4개의 그룹으로 분리되었고 최종으로 이들 그룹의 경향을 예측할 수 있는 회귀 방정식을 유도하였다. 새로운 척도에 사용된 대표변수인 L11은 환자들에게서 나타날 수 있는 여러 경우에 적합한지 검토되었는데 미소한 환자의 상태까지 잘 반영하고 있음이 드러났다. 따라서 새로운 LCL 척도는 기존의 준 정량적인 척도인 MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale)를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 특히 환자의 초기 진단뿐만 아니라 동일한 환자의 치료전후, 병적 호전에 대하여 정밀하게 파악할 수 있어 약물의 처방량 조절, 치료기간 등 치료의 전략에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A new scale named LCL(Logically Classified Level) has been developed to judge the status of the spasticity quantitatively implementing a pcndulum test in this study. Total 30 parameters have been used to develop the new scale. One representative parameter that can represent the dominant characteristics of spasticity has been chosen through statistical analysis. 20 parameters among 30 parameters uscd in the statistical analysis were newly developed and 10 parameters were from previous studies. The new 20 parametcrs were developed using combinations of pcndulum test characteristics. ie anglc, angular velocity. musclo midel. and EMG. 11 parameters among 30 parameters have showed strong correlations each other, Finally. L11 that showed consistency at every case has been chosen to be a representative parameter among the 11 parameters. 28 patients data were separated into 4 groups. A regression equation to predict the trend of patients of L11 has been made. The paramcter L11 was tested to prove its usabilitics for various cases of patients. The new LCL scale is expected to be a quantitative scale, and to replace the MAS(Modified Ashworth Scale) that is not a quantitative scale. Especially it is also expected that the new scale could be used to plan a treatmcnt period. methods, and intensity. as it can evaluate the status of patient's in detail.

Flexible Transparent Conducting Hybrid Film Using Surface-embedded Copper Nanowire (CuNW) Network

임현균,진정호,장준호,배병수 한국고분자학회 2015 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.4

Blood Pressure Differences between a Mercury Sphygmomanometer and Two Automatic Devices

임현균,도일,안봉영 대한의용생체공학회 2015 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.5 No.4

Purpose Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most importantpieces of information to diagnose cardiovascular diseases butthe measurement readings could be easily changed by variousfactors. If these readings are wrong, it may ultimately lead toa misdiagnosis. In addition, there is a problem when thereare different devices used to read blood pressure becausethese devices may give different readings. Methods Four different BP measurement devices were used,including two mercury sphygmomanometers and twoautomatic digital devices. Thirty-eight healthy young people(mean age = 27.1±6.1 years) stayed one night at a clinicalcenter and the BPs were measured from their right arms onthe following day. Factors such as exercise, food, and smokingthat may affect the BP were controlled and prohibited. Alltests were repeated three times and all devices were calibratedbefore the test. Absolute BP value difference between amercury sphygmomanometer and an automatic digital devicewas counted for the BP difference between devices ≥ 5 mmHgand ≥ 10 mmHg of each measurement. Results Significant inter-device BP differences were foundbetween a mercury sphygmomanometer and two automaticdevices (p<0.01) while no significant difference was foundbetween mercury sphygmomanometers (p>0.5); all subjectsshowed BP difference less than 5 mmHg between twomercury sphygmomanometers while only 32% and 38% ofsubjects showed BP difference less than 5 mmHg for two outof three repeated tests between a mercury sphygmomanometerand an automatic device, and even 26% ~ 36% of subjectsshowed BP difference ≥ 10 mmHg. Conclusions This study result stresses that it is necessary tocheck the reliability of automatic blood pressure devicesused in the hospitals. In addition, an easier and moreconvenient protocol should be developed for the routinecalibration of automatic devices.

리피토정^® (아토르바스타틴 20 mg)에 대한 아토르바정^®의 생물학적동등성

임현균,이태호,이재현,염정록,송진호,한상범,Lim, Hyun-Kyun,Lee, Tae-Ho,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Youm, Jeong-Rok,Song, Jin-Ho,Han, Sang-Beom 한국약제학회 2008 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.38 No.2

The present study describes the evaluation of the bioequivalence of two atorvastatin tablets, Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$ (Pfizer, reference drug) and Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ (Yuhan, test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Forty-nine healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the atorvastatin dose of 40 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study with a two weeks washout interval. After drug administration, serial blood samples were collected at a specific time interval from 0-48 hours. The plasma atorvastatin concentrations were monitored by an high performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) employing electrospray ionization technique and operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and positive ion mode. The total chromatographic run time was 4.5 min and calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.1-100 ng/mL for atorvastatin. The method was validated for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 48hr) was calculated by the linear log trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were complied trom the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ / Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$ were ${\log}\;0.9413{\sim}{\log}\;1.0179$ and ${\log}\;0.831{\sim}{\log}\;1.0569$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of ${\log}\;0.8{\sim}{\log}\;1.25$. Based on these statistical considerations, it was concluded that the test drug, Atorva $Tablet^{(R)}$ was bioequivalent to the reference drug, Lipitor $Tablet^{(R)}$.

HPLC-MS를 이용한 생체시료 중 니세르골린의 주대사체인 10${\alpha}$-Methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol(MDL)의 분석 및 이를 이용한 한국인 성인 남성에 대한 생체이용률 응용

임현균,유선동,김경호,한상범,염정록,Lim, Hyon-Kyun,Yoo, Sun-Dong,Kim, Kyeong-Ho,Han, Sang-Beom,Youm, Jeong-Rok 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.2

A simple and sensitive HPLC-MS method for quantitation of 10${\alpha}$-methoxy-9,10-dihydrolysergol (MDL), the main metabolite of nicergoline, in human plasma was developed and the bioavailability parameters of MDL was assessed in Korean healthy male volunteers. Clomipramine was used as an internal standard. MDL and internal standard in plasma sample were extracted using ethyl acetate. A centrifuged upper layer was then evaporated and reconstituted with mobile phase of 10 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (10 : 90, v/v). The reconstituted samples were injected into a Zorbax SB-C8 column (2.1${\times}$150 mm,5 ${\mu}$m) at a flow-rate of 0.3 ml/min. Using MS with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, MDL and clomipramine were detected without severe interference from human plasma matrix. MDL produced a protonated molecular ion ([M+H]$^+$) at m/z 287. Internal standard produced a protonated molecular ion ([M+H]$^+$) at m/z 315. A linear relationship for MDL was found in the range of 2.5${\sim}$100 ng/ml. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 2.5 ng/ml with acceptable precision and accuracy. The intra- and inter-day validation for all coefficients of variation (R.S.D.%) were found less than 15%. Main pharmacokinetic parameters of 30 mg of nicergoline were revealed as follows: AUC$_t$ 321.1${\pm}$64.5 ng${\cdot}$hr/ml, C$_{max}$, 51.2${\pm}$25.3 ng/ml, T$_{max}$ 3.6${\pm}$1.5 hr, K$_{el}$ 0.12${\pm}$0.07 hr$^{-1}$ and t$_{1/2}$ 7.6${\pm}$3.4 hr. Inter subject variations and race differences were shown in comparison with the published data in the literature.