http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
이효상 한국지적학회 2024 한국지적학회지 Vol.40 No.1
지적업무는 시‧군‧구와 시‧도 그리고 중앙정부에서 추진하고 있다. 따라서 지적업무를 추진하고 있는 기관별 사무분장과 최근 3년간의 보도자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 중앙정부, 시‧도, 시‧군‧구의 유기적 업무 협조가 필요하다. 중앙정부의 지적부서 사무분장은 시‧도 및 시‧군‧구의 사무분장을 포괄하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 중앙정부의 지적부서의 조직이 토지 관련 “국”으로 개편되어야 한다. 둘째, 지방정부에서 공간정보 업무를 주도적으로 추진할 공간정보소관청 도입 및 공간정보 총괄 부서 지정, 전문 직렬의 배치가 필요하다. 셋째, 국가공간정보센터가 지적기반의 부동산정보, 공간정보, 주소정보, 부동산거래분석정보를 통합하여 운영할 수 있도록 확대‧개편되어야 한다. Cadastral affairs are promoted by cities, counties, districts, cities, provinces, and central governments. The division of office work for each institution promoting cadastral work and press releases for the last three years were analyzed. The following results were derived as a result of the analysis. First, organic cooperation in the central government, cities, provinces, cities, counties, and districts is required. The division of office of the central government's cadastral department does not cover the division of office work of cities, provinces, cities, counties, and districts. The organization of the central government's cadastral department should be reorganized into a land-related " bureau." Second, to efficiently promote real estate management work through the convergence and combination of real estate and Geospatial information, it is necessary to introduce a Geospatial information agency that will lead the expansion of the cadastral work area, designate a general department in Geospatial information, and arrange a professional. Third, the National Geospatial Information Center should be expanded and established as a tentatively named national real estate information center that includes real estate transaction analysis functions so that cadastral-based real estate information, Geospatial information, and address information can be integrated and operated for the expansion and reorganization of overall cadastral work.
Optogenetic and Chemogenetic Approaches for Studying Astrocytes and Gliotransmitters
이효상,방주원,김학영 한국뇌신경과학회 2016 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.25 No.5
The brain consists of heterogeneous populations of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The revelation of their connections and interactions is fundamental to understanding normal brain functions as well as abnormal changes in pathological conditions. Optogenetics and chemogenetics have been developed to allow functional manipulations both in vitro and in vivo to examine causal relationships between cellular changes and functional outcomes. These techniques are based on genetically encoded effector molecules that respond exclusively to exogenous stimuli, such as a certain wavelength of light or a synthetic ligand. Activation of effector molecules provokes diverse intracellular changes, such as an influx or efflux of ions, depolarization or hyperpolarization of membranes, and activation of intracellular signaling cascades. Optogenetics and chemogenetics have been applied mainly to the study of neuronal circuits, but their use in studying non-neuronal cells has been gradually increasing. Here we introduce recent studies that have employed optogenetics and chemogenetics to reveal the function of astrocytes and gliotransmitters.
Monte Carlo Simulation of MR Damper Landing Gear Taxiing Mode under Nonstationary Random Excitation
이효상,장대성,황재혁 항공우주시스템공학회 2020 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.14 No.4
When an aircraft is taxiing, excitation force is applied according to the shape of the road surface. The sprung mass acceleration caused by the excitation of the road surface negatively affects the boarding feeling. This paper addresses the verification process of the semi-active control method applied to improve the boarding feeling. The Magneto–Rheological damper landing gear model is employed alongside the control method. It is a pneumatic damper filled with a fluid having the characteristics of increasing yield stress when subjected to a magnetic field. The control method involves verifying Skyhook Control Type2 developed by Skyhook control. The Sinozuka white noise model that considers runway characteristics was employed for the road surface in the simulation. The runway road surface obtained through this model has stochastic characteristics, so the dynamic characteristics were analyzed by applying Monte-Carlo simulation. A dynamic analysis was conducted by co-simulating the landing gear model made by RecurDyn and the control method designed by Simulink. Simulation results show that the Skyhook Control Type2 method has the best control effect in the low speed range compared to the passive type (without control) and skyhook control.
이효상,윤희준,이영호,민원기,김태순,최종욱,윤병철,김재익,공일근 韓國受精卵移植學會 2004 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.19 No.2
본 연구는 호랑이 미성숙 난자의 체외 성숙의 가능성을 검토하였다. 1. 호랑이 난자의 직경 (176.5)은 소 난자의 직경 (150.7)보다 유의적으로 컷으며, 세포질 직경 (122.1) 은 소 난자의 직경 (118.7) 과 유의차가 없었다. 또한, 호랑이 난자의 투명대 두께 (20.4) 는 소 난자의 두께 (12) 보다 유의적으로 두꺼웠다(p<0.05). 2. 체외성숙 48시간째 제1극체의 출현율은 62.5%이며, 핵성숙은 GV 단계(12.5%)와 M The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of in vitro maturation of tiger oocytes. Immature oocytes were recovered from a pair of ovaries. A total of 78 oocytes was collected, of which forty three were classified as good oocytes with compact cumulus cells and uniform cytoplasm. Forty three COCs were in vitro matured at , 5% CO2 in air atmosphere for 48 h in a IVM medium (TCM-199 supplement with 10% FBS, 0.6 mM cysteine, 0.2 mM pyruvic acid and 10 IU/mL HMG). Experiment I: the morphologic evaluation was conducted by measuring the diameter of oocytes with or without ZP, the thickness of ZP and the diameter of cytoplasm by microeyepiece at the same magnification (100). Experiment II: the evaluation of meiotic development was conducted of the nuclear development stage of tiger oocytes. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The diameter of tiger oocytes with ZP was significantly (p<0.05) bigger than that of bovine oocytes The ZP thickness of tiger oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) bigger than that of bovine oocytes p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the diameter of cytoplasm (without ZP) between tiger and bovine oocytes 2. The rates of meiotic development of tiger oocytes were achieved GV (12.5 %) and MII (50.0%), respectively. These results indicated that tiger oocytes could be developed to MII in in vitro culture system.