드럼스틱 잎 추출물의 항산화 및 세포보호 효과

현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),김아랑 ( A Rang Kim ),정윤주 ( Yoon Ju Jeong ),이난희 ( Nan Hee Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2016 대한화장품학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구에서는 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들의 항산화 활성 및 HaCaT 세포와 적혈구 세포에서의 세포보호효과를 측정하였다. 모든 실험은 드럼스틱 잎의 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획을 이용하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical을 이용한 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀)은 50% 에탄올 추출물(77.10 μ g/mL) < 에틸아세테이트 분획(20.63 μ g/mL) < 아글리콘 분획(17.00 μ g/mL) 순으로 증가하였다. 루미놀을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서의 활성산소 소거 활성(총항산화능, OSC₅₀)은 아글리콘 분획의 OSC₅₀ 값이 0.63 μ g/mL로 추출물 중 가장 큰 항산화능이 나타났으며, 이는 L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL)의 항산화 활성보다 컸다. ¹O₂로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서 50% 에탄올 추출물 및 아글리콘 분획의 세포 보호 효과(τ₅₀)는 10 μ g/mL에서 각각 46.9 및 122.1 min을 나타냈다. 이는 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (37.7 min)보다도 훨씬 큰 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 400 mJ/㎠의 UVB를 HaCaT 세포에 조사하여 세포손상을 유도한 후 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획은 0.20 ∼ 1.56 μ g/mL 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 드럼스틱잎 추출물과 분획들이 ROS 소거를 통하여 세포를 보호함으로서 화장품에서 천연 항산화제로서 사용 가능함을 시사하였다. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and cellular protective effects on HaCaT cells and erythrocytes of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) leaves extract and its fractions. All experiments were performed with 50% ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction and aglycone fraction of M. oleifera leaves. The free radical scavenging activity (FSC₅₀) of the extract and fractions of M. oleifera leaves were in the following order: 50% ethanol extract (77.10 μg/mL) < ethyl acetate fraction (20.63 μg/mL) < aglycone fraction (17.00 μg/mL) by using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. In Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system using the luminol, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (total antioxidant capacity, OSC₅₀) of aglycone fraction (OSC₅₀ = 0.63 μg/mL) was the strongest among all extracts, which was much higher than L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μg/mL). In the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects of 50% ethanol extract (τ₅₀ = 46.9 min) and aglycone fraction (τ₅₀ = 122.1 min) were higher than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 37.7 min), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at 10 μg/mL. After cell damage induced by 400 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation, the cellular protective effects of ethyl acetate and aglycone fraction of M. oleifera leaves extract were showed on the concentration from 0.20 to 1.56 μg/mL. These results suggest that M. oleifera leaves extract and its fractions can function as a natural antioxidant agent in cosmetics on skin exposed to UV radiation by protecting cellular membrane against ROS.

Non-nano 막대형 산화아연의 특성 및 자외선 차단용 화장품에의 응용

정겨운 ( Kyo Un Chong ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),윤여민 ( Yeo Min Yoon ),김상욱 ( Sang-uk Kim ),최부건 ( Bou Kun Choi ),이성호 ( Sung Ho Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ),이종성 ( Jong Sung Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.1

전 세계적으로 자외선 차단제의 유효성 및 안전성에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 새로운 무기 자외선 차단제 개발에 대한 연구도 활기를 띄고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 이슈화된 나노물질규제에 대응 가능한 나노 사이즈가 아닌 non-nano 막대형 산화아연을 합성하였고, 이를 세틸알코올로 표면처리한 막대형 산화아연분체를 개발하여 물리적 특성을 조사하였으며 자외선 차단제로서의 응용가능성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, non-nano인 막대형 산화아연 분체를 적용한 선크림의 자외선 차단 효능과 백탁 정도는 40 nm 크기의 산화아연과 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며, 막대형 산화아연 분산액을 사용한 선크림은 자외선 차단효능이 현저히 증가함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 개발된 막대형 산화아연 분체는 non-nano (200 nm)임에도 불구하고 투명성(백탁 개선), 자외선 차단 효능 그리고 사용감 측면에서 우수한 자외선 차단제로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. With increasing interest in the effectiveness and safety of sunscreen worldwide, research on the development of new inorganic sunscreen is also gaining momentum. In the present study, non-nano sized needle type zinc oxide, which can meet the regulation of nano-material as a recent problem, has been synthesized and surface-modified with cetyl alcohol to obtain needle type zinc oxide powder. Here, we also investigated their physical properties and evaluated their potential application as sunscreens. As a result of the experiment, the sunscreen with needle type zinc oxide powder, which was non-nano, showed similar UV-protection properties and transparency compare to that of 40nm size zinc oxide. It was further confirmed that the UV blocking effect was significantly increased when the needle type zinc oxide dispersion was applied to the sunscreen. Therefore, although the needle type zinc oxide is non-nano (200 nm) material, it has the potential to be applied to the product as an excellent transparency (improvement of whiteness), UV protection efficacy and smooth texture.

학술발표 : 초청강연 : 유산소성운동이 혈장 글루타민 농도에 미치는 영향

나재철(Na Jae Chul),현송자(Hyun Song Ja),이상우(Lee Sang Woo) 한국운동영양학회 1997 한국운동영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.3

화장품에서 1,3-부틸렌 글라이콜 및 알칸디올계 조성에 따른 방부력에 관한 연구

서지영 ( Ji Young Suh ),윤믿음 ( Mid Eum Yun ),이예슬 ( Ye Seul Lee ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),박동순 ( Dong Soon Park ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2018 대한화장품학회지 Vol.44 No.4

최근 화장품에서 방부제로 사용되는 파라벤류는 인체 안전성에 대한 문제가 이슈화되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 파라벤류를 대체할 수 있는 방부시스템으로 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol 및 1,2-pentanediol의 함량에 따른 방부력 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. 화장품 크림에 1,3-butylene glycol을 5 - 25% 사이의 농도로 첨가하였다. 1,3-Butylene glycol의 방부력은 Personal Care Products Council (CTFA)의 M-3 시험법으로 측정하였다. 알칸 디올계인 1,2-hexanediol 및 1,2-pentanediol도 유사한 방법으로 평가하였다. 1,3-Butylene glycol의 함량에 따른 방부력 평가 결과, 25%를 첨가한 크림 처방에서 모든 시험 균주에 대하여 방부력을 나타내었으며, phenoxyethanol 0.3%와 ethylhexylglycerin 0.1%가 혼합된 처방에서 방부력을 나타내었다. 방부제인 phenoxyethanol의 0.3% 함량을 대체할 수 있는 대체 방부제로 alkane diol계인 1,2-hexanediol과 1,2-pentanediol을 선정하여 방부력 평가를 진행하였다. 1,2-Hexanediol과 1,2-pentanediol의 조성에 따른 방부력 평가 결과, 1,2-hexanediol 1%와 1,2-pentanediol 1%의 혼합 처방에서 방부력을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 25%의 1,3-butylene glycol과 0.1%의 ethylhexylglycerin, 1%의 1,2-hexanediol 및 1%의 1,2-pentanediol의 처방은 가장 우수한 방부력을 나타냄을 입증하였다. 따라서 이러한 처방은 화장품에서 사용되어 안전성의 이슈가 되어온 파라벤류 방부제를 대체할 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. In recent years, parabens used as preservatives in cosmetics have become a problem of human safety. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, and 1,2-pentanediol as a preservative system to replace parabens. 1,3-Butylene glycol was added to cosmetic creams at a concentration of between 5 and 25%. The preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol was determined using a M-3 challenge test, as recommended by the Personal Care Products Council (formally CTFA). The alkane diols, such as 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-pentanediol, were assessed in a similar manner. An evaluation of the preservative efficacy of 1,3-butylene glycol revealed that it was effective against all tested microbial strains at a concentration of 25%. We also investigated the efficacy of combinations of 0.3% phenoxyethanol and 0.1% ethylhexylglycerin. Finally, we tested the alkane diols, including 1,2-hexanediol and 1,2-pentanediol, as an alternative to the preservative 0.3% phenoxyethanol. Both 1% 1,2-hexanediol and 1% 1,2-pentanediol demonstrated preservative efficacy. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the formulation of 25% 1,3-butylene glycol and 0.1% ethylhexylglycerin, 1% 1,2-hexanediol, and 1% 1,2-pentanediol had the best preservative efficacy of the compositions tested. Thus, this study suggests that the formulation is a possibility of substituting parabens preservatives, which has been used in cosmetics and has become a safety issue.

Lactobacillus pentosus 발효에 의한 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 항산화 및 세포보호 효과

박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),성준섭 ( Joon Seob Seong ),이건수 ( Keon Soo Lee ),박영민 ( Young Min Park ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),차미연 ( Mi Yeon Cha ),강희철 ( Hee Cheol Kang ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2017 대한화장품학회지 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구에서는 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 70% 에탄올 추출물과 발효균주 Lactobacillus pentosus를 이용하여 발효시킨 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물에 대하여 항산화 및 세포보호 효과를 측정하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용한 자유라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물 및 발효추출물이 각각 42.3 및 34.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후의 라디칼 소거활성이 약 18.4% 더 높게 나타났다. Lumiol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서의 총 항산화능(OSC₅₀) 평가에서도 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물은 각각 2.6 및 2.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후가 약 4.2% 정도 더 높은 총 항산화능을 나타냈다. ¹O₂로 유도된 적혈구 세포손상에 있어서 추출물 및 발효추출물의 세포 보호 효과(τ₅₀)는 50 μ g/mL에서 각각 126.4 및 173.0 min을 나타내어 발효 후 세포 보호 효과가 약 34.0% 더 높게 나타났다. 발효추출물은 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (43.4 min)보다도 3.9배 높은 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 사람 섬유아세포인 Hs68을 대상으로 elastase 저해 활성을 조사하였다. Elastase 저해 활성(IC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물에서 각각 873.6 및 687.8 μ g/mL로 발효 후에 elastase 저해 활성이 약 21.3% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물이 항산화 작용과 더불어 주름개선 효과를 가지는 천연 화장품 소재로써 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. In this study, the antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and inhibitory effects on elastase of non-fermented and fermented extracts of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (P. tricuspidata) stem using Lactobacillus pentosus were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 42.3 and 34.5 μg/mL, respectively, in which the activity after fermentation was approximately 18.4% higher. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 2.6 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 4.2% higher. In the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects (τ₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 126.4 and 173.0 min at 50 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 34.0% higher. The effect of fermented extract was 3.9 times higher than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 43.4 min), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at 50 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of elastase was investigated to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy using Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. The elastase inhibitory activities (IC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 873.6 and 687.8 μg/mL, respectively, and the activity after fermentation was approximately 21.3% higher. These results indicated that fermented extract of P. tricuspidata stem has potentials as natural cosmetic ingredients with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect.

올리브 오일의 에스터 교환반응 생성물의 TLC를 이용한 조성비 분석 및 화장품에의 응용가능성 평가

박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),신혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Shin ),김아랑 ( A Rang Kim ),정효진 ( Hyo Jin Jeong ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),홍인기 ( In Kee Hong ),이대봉 ( Dae Bong Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구에서는 올리브 오일의 에스터 교환반응으로 생성된 복합소재(olive oil esters)의 화장품 응용을 위해 물리화학적 성질, 유화력, 보습력 및 세포독성을 평가하였다. 실험에는 반응시간이 짧은 olive oil esters S와 반응시간이 긴 oliveoil esters L을 사용하였다. 먼저 TLC 이미지 분석으로 조성비를 확인한 결과, olive oil esters S의 조성은 mono-, di-,tri-glyceride가 5.2, 24.1, 46.4%이었고, fatty acid ethyl ester는 21.9%이었다. Olive oil esters L은 mono-, di-, tri-glyceride가 4.1, 24.7, 40.6%이었고, fatty acid ethyl ester는 28.8%이었다. 올리브 오일 에스터를 화장품에 사용하기 위한 기준 및 시험방법 설정을 위해 요오드가, 산가, 검화가, 불검화물, 굴절률, 비중 및 순도시험을 수행하였고 표준화시켰다. 또한 올리브 오일 에스터의 유화력 평가로서, 계면활성제 없이 O/W 에멀전을 제조하여 유화 입자를 확인하였다. 올리브오일 에스터를 사람 피부에 도포 5일 후, 피부 수분 보유량은 초기보다 13.1% 개선되었다. 피부 세포에 대한 독성을 평가한 결과, 올리브 오일 에스터는 0.2-200 μg/mL에서 세포 생존율 90% 이상을 나타내 안전성이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 올리브 오일 에스터는 화장품 산업에서 천연/무독성 원료로서 응용가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. In this study, the physicochemical properties, emulsifying capacity, moisture content and cytotoxicity of the composite material produced by transesterification reactions of the olive oil (olive oil esters) were investigated for cosmetic applications. Olive oil esters with short (S) and long (L) reaction times were studied. From the TLC-image analysis, composition ratios of the olive oil esters S were found to be 5.2, 24.1, 46.4, and 21.9% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. Those of the olive oil esters L were 4.1, 24.7, 40.6, and 28.8% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. The iodine value, acid value, saponification value, unsaponified matter, refractive index, and specific gravity were determined and purity tests were also carried out and normalized to establish standards and testing methods for using olive oil esters in cosmetics. To evaluate their emulsifying capacities, the O/W emulsion was prepared without surfactants and the formation of the emulsified particles were confirmed. After 5 days of applying the olive oil esters to human skin, the skin moisture retention was improved by 13.1% from the initial state. For the evaluation of toxicity on human skin cells, the olive oil esters showed 90% or more of the cell viability at 0.2-200 μg/mL. These results suggested that olive oil esters can be applied as natural/non-toxic ingredients to cosmetics industries.

미국의 다문화주의의 전개와 현주소

이현송(Lee, Hyun Song) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2012 영미연구 Vol.26 No.-

The multiculturalism of American society is approached in two ways. The first is a conceptual one in which the whole development of multiculturalism is reviewed. The cause, proceed, debate, and retreat of multiculturalism are identified and discussed. The second is an empirical approach in which the way Americans think of minorities is analyzed by using a national survey data. Here I hypothesize as follows. Since the multiculturalism has developed longer than half a century by now, Americans are considerably generous to the cultural differences of minorities. However, since assimilationism has been deeply rooted in American culture since the colonial period, the ideology that the minorities should give up their cultural uniqueness is not washed away that easily. An analysis of General Social Survey 2002 suggests that even though Americans principally allow the minorities to keep the right to their cultural uniqueness, they still feel the need of the minorities adjusting to the mainstream for the smooth functioning of American society. Americans responds to multiculturalism differently depending upon their own racial and ethnic identity. The minorities have a very positive attitude to such ideology while the whites have passive posture. When the determinants of the attitudes towards multiculturalism are analyzed in a regression analysis, it turns out that educational attainment and political ideology has strongest impacts on the attitude. On the other hand, age, sex, region of residence, and religious affiliation does not have significant impacts. When all the aspects of multiculturalism are considered, I conclude the multuculturalism takes a firm root in the American society regardless of recent outbreaks of terrorist attacks.

가족의 생애주기와 기혼여성의 경제활동

이현송(Lee Hyun Song) 한국사회학회 1996 韓國社會學 Vol.30 No.W

아시아계 미국인의 사회경제적 지위: 미국 출생 세대를 중심으로

이현송(Hyun-Song Lee) 한국아메리카학회 2017 美國學論集 Vol.49 No.3

This paper surveys the socioeconomic achievements of US-born Asian Americans and related controversies. The first issue concerns whether US-born Asian Americans are rewarded appropriately for the efforts they put in. They don’t suffer pecuniary disadvantage in the labor markets, but still make limited success in advancing in the areas where social and cultural capital prevails in status attainment. The second issue concerns whether Asian American’s success fits with the stereotype of “Model Minority” and the ideology of “American Dream.” Since the US-born Asian Americans could obtain high academic achievement and good occupations by dint of their parent’s middle class background in their origin countries, the stereotype and the ideology don’t fit with their experiences. The third issue concerns the internal diversity and disparity among Asian Americans. The wide diversity and disparity within and between ethnic groups have shrunk in US-born generations compared to their parents. The paper projects that the US-born Asian Americans will keep advancing into the areas where they have been sparsely represented so far despite a substantial pocket of poor people among them.

미국 사회에서 "복합인종"(multiracial)의 사회적 정체성 : 흑인과 백인간 혼혈을 중심으로

이현송 ( Hyun Song Lee ) 韓國아메리카學會 2009 美國學論集 Vol.41 No.2

The Multiracial were surveyed for the first time in the 2000 Decennial Census, in which they accounted for 2.4%, 680million people. They have been treated as just Blacks according to the `One-drop rule` that have overruled the American society until recent times. The recent emergence of the multiracial, who do not belong to any of the existing racial categories, could serve as potential threat to the current racial order. By using the 2000 decennial census I fathomed the social significance of the newly emerging racial identity of multiracials by comparing the social status of the Black-White Multiracial to that of both African-Americans and Whites. By limiting the samples to the 25 years or older householders and wives, I made a comparison of the three groups of Black-White Multiracials, African-Americans and Whites with respect to their socioeconomic status, family formation, racial trait of their spouses, and racial composition of their residing community. The analysis told that the Black-White Multiracial approach the Whites in most characteristics except for family formation. The Black-White Multiracial turned out to be far more superior to Whites in educational attainment and occupational status, and to be almost equal to them in income. The also tend to choose a white partner for their spouse and live in the neighborhood where most residents are whites. On the other hand, their families look much similar to the African American families in terms of less proportion of coupled family, more proportion of extended family, and substantial frequency of single mother family. On the base of the analysis, I conclude that the multiracial could make a great stride in socio-economic status and almost adopt the life style of White mainstream, but that the heritage of Black ancestry still lingers on in their private life. It seems to be too soon to see whether they could obtain the social significance of independent racial group in American society in near future.